Le poumon anténatal : de l’imagerie à l’interventionnel

Thanks to screening programs and high-resolution ultrasound equipment, lung developmental malformations are readily diagnosed. Given the variable consequences of these conditions, reliable methods are needed to predict the mortality as well as the level of morbidity associated with the diagnosed malformation. New ultrasonographic methods (improvement of 2D ultrasound machine's resolution, measurement of lung volume by 3D ultrasonography (Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) imaging program), Volume Contrast Imaging and 3D power Doppler) improved the understanding of pathologies natural history as well as prognosis evaluation. MRI is still the reference technique but the use of 3D ultrasonography tends to generalize. Recent improvement in prognostic evaluation lead to minimally invasive in utero treatment for human fetuses with CDH. Tracheal occlusion is performed through the use of a balloon placed by foetoscopy. First results are encouraging in terms of mortality. Evaluation of induced short and long morbidity is still needed.     

La dimension de contact et les troubles esthéticophysiognomiques

Dimension of contact is the very moment when meeting with someone. The limits can be precisely defined as an aesthetic moment, i.e. the very moment when someone appears. That is an experience of one's expressivity. One can usually go through this ephemeral moment to reach simple self-continuity. Pathologies of contact may be described at different levels: neurosis, pathological personalities and psychosis.     

Hyperactivité de l'enfant : une approche psychopathologique

Hyperactivity is nowadays a very fashionable syndrome and a source of conflicts that are harmful for patients and their families. Indeed, two approaches seem to be opposed: 1) A purely psychoanalytical approach taking into account only the interpretation of the “symptome”; 2) A biological or cognitive approach, which postulates a cerebral organic origin and recommends behavioural therapy or stimulants only. In fact, the solution should be between these two positions. Anyway, hyperactivity disorder comprises very different clinical situations. The biological approach alone is not sufficient to explain this disorder, in no case, should treatment be exclusive (stimulants, psychoanalytical therapy…). The interest of different approaches is discussed in three contrasted case reports.     

Nephron Sparing Surgery for De Novo Renal Cell Carcinoma in an Allograft Kidney: A Case Report

De novo renal cell carcinoma in a renal allograft is rare and has special implications in renal transplant recipients. We describe a patient with a renal allograft who developed a de novo renal cell carcinoma in the functioning renal allograft 258 months after transplantation. The patient underwent enucleation of the tumor because preoperative MRI showed it was well-encapsulated. A DNA banding study showed that the tumor originated from the donor. Indications for conservative renal surgery in renal cell carcinoma have been increasing. Accordingly, 1 option in the treatment of de novo renal cell carcinoma in a functioning renal allograft is enucleation as a method of nephron sparing surgery.     

Electrocardiographic and Clinical Predictors of Torsades de Pointes Induced by Almokalant Infusion in Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: A Prospective Study

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of torsades de pointes (TdP) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter exposed to the Class III antiarrhythmic drug almokalant. TdP can be caused by drugs that prolong myocardial repolarization. One hundred patients received almokalant infusion during AF (infusion 1) and 62 of the patients during sinus rhythm (SR) on the following day (infusion 2). Thirty-two patients converted to SR. Six patients developed TdP. During AF, T wave alternans was more common prior to infusion (baseline) in patients developing TdP (50% vs 4%, P < 0.01). After 30 minutes of infusion 1, the TdP patients exhibited a longer QT interval (493 ± 114 vs 443 ± 54 ms [mean ± SD], P < 0.01), a larger precordial QT dispersion (50 ± 74 vs 27 ± 26 ms, P < 0.05), and a lower T wave amplitude (0.12 ± 0.22 vs 0.24 ± 0.16 mV. P < 0.01). After 30 minutes of infusion 2, they exhibited a longer QT interval (672 ± 26 vs 489 ± 74 ms, P < 0.001), a larger QT dispersion in precordial (82 ± 7 vs 54 ± 52 ms, P < 0.01) and extremity leads (163 ± 0 vs 40 ± 34 ms, P < 0.001), and T wave alternans was more common (100% vs 0%, P < 0.001). Risk factors for development of TdP were at baseline: female gender, ventricular extrasystoles, and treatment with diuretics; and, after 30 minutes of infusion: sequential bilateral bundle branch block, ventricular extrasystoles in bigeminy, and a biphasic T wave. Patients developing TdP exhibited early during almokalant infusion a pronounced QT prolongation, increased QT dispersion, and marked morphological T wave changes.     

几种性传播疾病病原体检测芯片的制备

目的 :为了同时多样本检测和鉴别淋病奈瑟球菌、沙眼衣原体和解脲脲支原体 3种重要的性传播疾病病原体 ,制备了寡核苷酸检测芯片。方法 :针对 3种病原体和荧光素酶基因设计特异的引物和寡核苷酸探针 ,采用硫代和氨基双功能探针修饰技术制备寡核苷酸芯片 ,以荧光标记多重不对称PCR技术为基础 ,通过将单链PCR产物与芯片杂交实现对性传播疾病病原体的检测。结果 :对 10种与待检病原体无关的菌及定量有限稀释的荧光素酶和 3种病原体基因质粒模板进行芯片检测 ,结果表明芯片对待检病原体特异 ,其检测 4种基因的灵敏度均为 5×10 3 拷贝质粒。对 2 4份性传播疾病患者标本进行芯片检测 ,沙眼衣原体感染率为 10 0 % ,与淋病奈瑟球菌混合感染率为 83.3% (2 0 / 2 4 ) ,与传统PCR诊断结果完全一致。在 2 4份标本中 ,淋病奈瑟球菌、沙眼衣原体和解脲脲支原体三重感染病例芯片诊断为 3例 ,混合感染率为 12 .5 % (3/ 2 4 ) ;而传统PCR诊断为 4例 ,混合感染率为 16 .7% (4/2 4 ) ,两种方法的符合率为 75 %。结论 :该芯片是一种可靠检测 3种病原体的方法 ,它可快速提供有关患者混合感染的情况 ,因而为指导个性化治疗提供及时可靠的诊断依据。     

Vécus psychologiques des démarches d'assistance médicale à la procréation

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) come along with important emotional and psychological burden, as well as the physical constraints, for both the woman and her partner. Couples entering ART programs are usually infertile ones, but some specific settings, like serodiscordant couples where the male partner is HIV positive, involving fertile couples. These couples are usually well-adjusted and motivated ones. During the treatments, waiting for the outcome, and the unsuccessful cycles are among the most stressfull experiences. Common reactions are stress, anxiety and depression, but for some couples, the difficulties are so great that they discontinue the program after only one attempt. When parents, the couples usually experience good parenting competencies, and the “precious” children, despite a greater genetic risk, usually have a normal development, but some specific psychological difficulties may arise, that may request a specific help.