《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中的指导价值

《伤寒论》六经辨证是在《黄帝内经》六经理论及脏象、经络两学说的基础上发展、完善而得来的,是中医的鼻祖。本文的主要目的是探讨《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中应用价值。IgA肾病又称为原发性肾小球疾病,在我国常见,其整个发病过程可视为从三阳经(太阳、阳明、少阳)转变为三阴经(太阴、少阴及厥阴)。IgA肾病在各经为病,脉症特点并不相同,因此IgA肾病采用六经辨证为指导,判断病情,能够有效防治IgA肾病,对临床具有重要的意义及价值。     

Pathogenesis of idiopathic IgA nephropathy

Despite a prodigious amount of work on the physiology of IgA production in man, and many studies on the immunopathology of IgA nephropathy, ranging from the immunogenetics to the immune response to chemical characteristics of the IgA, we are hardly any nearer to defining the pathogenesis of this disease. One of the main changes in our understanding has been to recognise that the bone marrow, now known to produce normally one-third of the body's IgA, overproduces this immunoglobulin in IgA nephropathy. This alters the previous notion that IgA nephropathy was due simply to IgA production in the mucosa, although a mucosal component is not excluded. Certain characteristics of the IgA in the diseased kidney and the circulation have been defined: it is of subclass IgA1 and has a higher proportion of light chains and negative charge than in normal subjects. The specificities of the IgA, either in the kidney or in complexes, have not helped to clarify the pathogenesis. They have been found for a wide range of endogenous and exogenous antigens, suggesting that the antibody activity represents polyclonal B cell activation. These findings have not helped to confirm the prevailing theory that IgA nephropathy is an immune complex disease. Other theories put forward are that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune disease, glomerular components or IgA itself being among the candidate antigens, or that there is primary dysregulation of the IgA immune system. At this stage of development in our understanding of this common nephropathy, it is important to guard against the assumption that idiopathic IgA nephropathy is one disease and is the result of a single pathogenetic mechanism.     

Glomerular function and microalbuminuria in children with insulin-dependent diabetes

Renal function has been evaluated in 45 diabetic children (age 12.5±4 years) with a mean diabetes duration of 4.9±3.5 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin and creatinine clearances), renal plasma flow (RPF; PAH clearance), resting urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were measured and compared with indexes of metabolic control: Hb A₁C and blood glucose values (mean, post-prandial and maximal excursion) on the same day. GFR (inulin clearance) and RPF were significantly increased in the diabetic group (171±31 and 778±172 ml/min per 1.73 m²) compared with controls (124±18 and 631±128 ml/min per 1.73 m²). Both parameters were strongly correlated (r=0.73;P<0.001). Creatinine clearance was not correlated to inulin clearance. Hyperfiltration (inulin clearance above 160 ml/min per 1.73 m²) was noted in 61% of the patients and was independent of diabetes duration. Five diabetic children had a UAE level above 15 g/min. No relationship could be established between UAE and any of the metabolic indexes; GFR was weakly correlated to HbA₁C (r=0.35;P<0.05), to mean (r=0.35;P<0.05) and post-prandial blood glucose (r=0.37;P<0.05). In contrast, there was a strong correlation between GFR and the maximal blood excursion (r=0.62;P<0.001). The study shows that renal abnormalities can be detected with a high frequency in diabetic subjects characterized by both an early onset and a short duration of diabetes and suggests the need for a more systematic evaluation of renal parameters in this population.     

2型糖尿病尿5种蛋白联合检测的临床意义

目的 :了解 2型糖尿病尿 5种蛋白变化的临床意义。方法 :对 2 0 4例 2型糖尿病患者和 44例正常对照者(C组 )同时进行 2 4h尿Alb、Trf、IgG、RBP、NAG(分别简称UAE、UTE、UIE、URBPE及UNAGE)、尿糖排泄 (UGE)和肌酐清除率 (Ccr)的检测。根据 2 4hUAE分为 3组 :正常白蛋白尿组 (Ⅰ组 ) ;微量白蛋白尿组 (Ⅱ组 )及大量白蛋白尿组(Ⅲ组 )。结果 :(1) 2 0 4例中 ,微量和大量白蛋白尿发生率为 41 2 %和 7 8% ,与C组相比 ,Ⅱ组Ccr略降低 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Ⅲ组Ccr明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )UTE在 3组患者中均与UAE呈显著相关 ;UIE在Ⅲ组与UAE明显相关 ;UNAGE在Ⅱ组与UAE明显相关 ;(3)URBPE增高的发生率在Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别为 11 5 %、42 9%和 75 %。结论 :不同分子量尿多种蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾脏病变的早期发现和定位有较大的价值     

胰肾联合移植长期存活的临床研究（附5例报告）

目的 提高糖尿病、糖尿病肾病患者的生活质量,方法 于1998-12/2000-01对5例糖尿病、糖尿病肾病患者施行了胰肾联合移植术,结果 5例患者肾功能恢复正常;其中2例患者分别于8wk,23wk发生急性排斥反应一次,经抗排斥治疗后逆转,2例术后2wk发生纯红再障（pure red cell aplasia,PRCA),1例手术后第15日供胰动脉血栓形成,切除胰腺,经1a以上观察,4例患者健康存活,胰肾功能良好。结论 胰肾联合移植是目前治疗糖尿病、糖尿病肾病最有效的手段。     

血清可溶性E—选择素与2型糖尿病及其并发症相关性研究

目的　观察血清可溶性E 选择素在 2型糖尿病患者中的水平的变化 ,探讨E 选择素在糖尿病及其微血管并发症中的可能的作用机制。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附法 ,对 5 0例 2型糖尿病患者及 2 0名健康对照者进行了能够反映体内E 选择素表达水平的血清可溶性E 选择素水平的测定。结果　 (1)正常人血清可溶性E 选择素浓度为 41 7± 17 0ng/ml。与正常对照组比较 ,无大血管及微血管并发症的单纯糖尿病患者的血清可溶性E 选择素水平显著升高 (5 2 9± 2 3 0ng/ml,P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )合并糖尿病微血管病变的患者血清可溶性E 选择素浓度为6 7 3± 32 9ng/ml,高于单纯糖尿病患者 (P <0 0 5 )及正常对照 (P <0 0 1)。 (3)糖尿病患者血清E 选择素浓度与HbA1c水平呈正相关 (γ =0 31,P <0 0 1)。结论　血清可溶性E 选择素水平在 2型糖尿病及其微血管并发症中升高 ,并与代谢控制水平相关。E 选择素作为一种内皮细胞特异的粘附分子可能参与糖尿病及其微血管并发症的病理过程。     

小儿原发性肾病综合征复发的病因及治疗探讨

目的：探讨小儿原发性肾病综合征（PNS）复发的病因及其治疗。方法：对常复发的小儿PNS患儿根据不同的病因采用抗感染,激素治疗并联合应用环磷酰胺（CTX）,雷公滕多甙治疗,并与单纯西药组对照。结果：单纯西药组36例完全缓解率58％,复发率50％,联合治疗组28例,缓解率89％,复发率6．4％,结论：联合组疗效明显。     

实验性糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮与肾功能低下的相关性研究

目的：对实验性糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮（Nitric Oxide,NO)与肾功能低下进行相关分析。方法：采用链尿佐菌素复制糖尿病动物模型,比色测定其血清NO－一氧化氮合成酶（No synthetase,NOS)活力,肌酐（Creatinine,Cr)和尿素氮（Blood urea nitrogen,BUN)含量,结果：糖尿病组大鼠各项指标均高于正常组,随病程延长差异显著（P＜0．01）,结论：糖尿病大鼠血清NO与肾功能低下呈高度正相关。     

活化血小板表达在早期诊断和监测老年糖尿病肾病中的价值

目的 :探讨α颗粒膜蛋白 (CD62 P)和溶酶体膜蛋白 (CD63 )活化表达对老年糖尿病肾病早期诊断和病情监测的临床价值。方法 :采用流式细胞仪测定 196例老年 2型糖尿病患者 (其中单纯糖尿病 94例 ,糖尿病肾病 10 2例 )血浆CD62 P和CD63 水平 ,并与 40例健康人进行比较。同时观察糖尿病肾病血糖控制后CD62 P和CD63 的变化。结果 :单纯糖尿病组CD62 P和CD63 高于健康人组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,糖尿病肾病组高于单纯糖尿病组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,对糖尿病肾病患者进行血糖控制和抗凝治疗 6个月后 ,CD62 P、CD63 和 2 4h尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAER)水平下降 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异。结论 :CD62 P和CD63 对老年糖尿病肾病的早期诊断和病情监测有重要的临床价值