ACE基因多态性与贵州布依族、汉族原发性高血压及患者血清PⅢNT、MMP-9及 hs-CRP的相关性研究

目的：探讨血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensinconvertingenzymegene,ACE）基因I/D位点多态性与贵州布依族、汉族原发性高血压及患者血清Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽（procollagenⅢN-terminalpeptide,PⅢNT）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrixmetallopro－teinase-9,MMP-9）及高敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitiveC-reactiveprotein,hs-CRP）的相关性。方法：入选贵州黔南地区原发性高血压患者302例（布依族154例,汉族148例）为高血压组,健康者299例（布依族143例,汉族156例）为正常对照组,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测ACEI/D位点各基因型及等位基因,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清PⅢNT、MMP-9及hs-CRP水平。结果：①ACE基因ID基因型及D等位基因分布频率在高血压组和正常对照组间（?字2=13.50,P=0.001）、在布依族高血压组和布依族正常对照组间（?字2=28.28,P=0.000）差异均有统计学意义。②PⅢNT、MMP-9与hs-CRP水平在布依族与汉族间、在高血压组与正常对照组间、在布依族高血压组与对照组间,以及在汉族高血压组与对照组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;PⅢNT、MMP-9与hs-CRP水平在ACEI/D位点不同基因型间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：①ACE基因ID基因型及D等位基因可能与布依族高血压有关;在布依族正常人群中,具有ID基因型及D等位基因者可能比具有Ⅱ、DD基因型及I等位基因者患高血压的风险高;ACE基因I/D多态性可能是贵州黔南布依族高血压的致病因素之一。②布依族高血压患者及具有ID基因型的患者可能更易出现血管壁胶原积累、炎症反应、细胞外基质沉积及血管重塑。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病并发高血压的相关性研究

目的 :研究血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性与 2型糖尿病并发高血压的关系。方法 :应用 PCR方法分析 149例 2型糖尿病患者及正常对照者的 ACE基因型。结果 :1ACE基因型及等位基因构成比 ,正常对照组与 2型糖尿病组无显著性差异 ;2并发高血压组 DD型及 D等位基因频率显著高于无高血压组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :ACE基因 I/ D多态性与 2型糖尿病并发高血压有关。     

血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶基因多态性血清水平及血压相关性研究

目的 :研究血管紧张素 转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性与血清 ACE水平及高血压的关系。方法 :采用多聚酶链反应对 2 16例观察对象 (正常人 10 3例 ,高血压患者 113例 )的 ACE基因进行分型 ,并测定血清 ACE活性。结果 :2 16例受检者中 ACE基因多态性与血清 ACE水平有关 ,ACE水平依次为 :DD型 >ID型 > 型 ,三者相互之间有显著性差异 ;多元逐步回归分析显示 ,ACE基因型决定不同个体血清 ACE活性的 2 7.5%的变化范围。结论 :当地人群 ACE基因多态性与血清ACE水平有关 ,与高血压无明显相关     

Cathepsin L,transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4, and other host proteases in COVID-19 pathogenesis – with impact on gastrointestinal tract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seems to employ two routes of entrance to the host cell; via membrane fusion (with the cells expressing both angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4 (TMPRSS2/4)) or via receptor-mediated endocytosis (to the target cells expressing only ACE2). The second mode is associated with cysteine cathepsins (probably cathepsin L) involvement in the virus spike protein (S protein) proteolytic activation. Also furin might activate the virus S protein enabling it to enter cells. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is evident in a subset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibiting GIT symptoms, such as diarrhea, and presenting viral-shedding in feces. Considering the abundance and co-localization of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the lower GIT (especially brush-border enterocytes), these two receptors seem to be mainly involved in SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the digestive tract. Additionally, in vitro studies have demonstrated the virions capability of infection and replication in the human epithelial cells lining GIT. However, also furin and cysteine cathepsins (cathepsin L) might participate in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contributing to the virus invasiveness within GIT. Moreover, cathepsin L (due to its involvement in extracellular matrix components degradation and remodeling, the processes enhanced during SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation) might be responsible for the dysregulation of absorption/ digestion functions of GIT, thus adding to the observed in some COVID-19 patients symptoms such as diarrhea.     

口服胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动的疗效及安全性

探讨口服胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的疗性和安全性,选取64例非瓣膜病阵发性房颤为随访观察对象。给药方法:负荷量,第一周每天0.6g,第二周每天0.4g,维持量每天0.1~0.2g。结果:随访1.7±1.6年。有效52例(81.3%),复发7例(13.5%)。22例出现不良反应(34.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:房颤发作时间和诱因、以及是否应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)为影响胺碘酮治疗阵发性房颤疗效的独立预测因素,胺碘酮对于白天发作、且与劳累或生气等因素有关的阵发性房颤疗效较高(OR6.22,P=0.05),服用ACEI或ARB可能有助于阵发性房颤的治疗(OR21.65,P=0.03)。甲状腺功能异常9例(14.1%),心率减慢8例(12.5%),恶心、厌食2例,光过敏1例,皮疹1例,复视1例,嗜睡1例,咳嗽及肺部阴影各1例。结论:①胺碘酮治疗非瓣膜病阵发性房颤疗效较高、相对安全;②胺碘酮对于多于白天发作、且与劳累或生气等因素有关的阵发性房颤疗效较高;③ACEI或ARB可能有助于阵发性房颤的治疗。     

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors‐induced angioedema treated by C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate (Berinert®): about one case and review of the therapeutic arsenal

C1 esterase inhibitor (Berinert^®) is generally used to treat severe attack of hereditary angioedema. We describe here the case of a patient who presented with a severe angioedema induced by angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) endangering her life. It could be successfully treated with that medicine.     

Early inhibition of the renin‐angiotensin system improves the long‐term graft survival of single pediatric donor kidneys transplanted in adult recipients

Transplanting single pediatric donor kidneys into adult recipients has an increased risk of hyperfiltration injury and graft loss. It is unknown if renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are beneficial in this setting. We retrospectively analyzed 94 adults who received single kidneys from donors <10 years old during 1996–2009. The recipients were divided into group 1 with RAS blockers (n = 40) and group 2 without RAS blockers (n = 54) in the first year of transplant. There was no significant difference in any donor/recipient demographic between the two groups. Graft function, incidence of delayed graft function, acute rejection, and persistent proteinuria were not statistically different either. Kaplan–Meier estimated death‐censored graft survivals were significantly better in group 1 than in group 2: 95 vs. 81.2%, 82.4 vs. 61.2%, 72.6 vs. 58.5%, and 68.5 vs. 47.2% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively (log rank P = 0.043). Multivariable analysis found persistent proteinuria was a risk factor for graft loss (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.33–5.49, P = 0.006), while RAS blockers reduced the risk of graft loss (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.79, P = 0.009). Early RAS blockade therapy in the first year of transplant is associated with superior long‐term graft survival among adults transplanted with single pediatric donor kidneys.     

Both a Calcium Antagonist and ACE Inhibitor Reverse Hypertrophy in Hypertension But a Calcium Antagonist also Depresses Contractility

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a calcium antagonist, nicardipine SR, with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, alacepril, on the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and function. Twenty patients with LVH, aged 42–73 years, were treated with nicardipine SR or alacepril. Ten patients were treated with nicardipine SR (40–80 mg) for 21 months, and the other 10 patients were treated with alacepril (25–100 mg) for 18 months. All patients underwent echocardiography to assess left ventricular structure and function before and after the treatment. After nicardipine SR or alacepril treatment, blood pressure was decreased significantly from 176.0 ± 13.9/97.0 ± 5.3 mmHg to 140.0 ± 14.0/77.4 ± 7.2 mmHg and from 168.2 ± 22.3/99.0 ± 5.5 mmHg to 138.4 ± 12.5/85.2 ± 9.7 mmHg, respectively (both p < 0.01), whereas heart rate did not change (73.8 ± 14.6 beats/min vs. 69.9 ± 13.5 beats/min and 71.6 ± 9.7 vs. 65.8 ± 8.1 beats/min, respectively). The left ventricular mass index decreased significantly from 133.2 ± 11.7 g/m2 to 114.4 ± 15.7 g/m2 with nicardipine SR and from 137.1 ± 14.8 g/m2 to 99.3 ± 23.0 g/m2 with alacepril (both p < 0.01). The fractional shortening, peak shortening rate, and peak lengthening rate all improved significantly after each treatment. The end-systolic wall stress/left ventricular end-systolic volume index, as an index of left ventricular contractility, was decreased significantly after treatment with nicardipine SR but was not changed after treatment with alacepril. In conclusion, both nicardipine SR and alacepril similarly reduced LVH and improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. However, alacepril did not alter left ventricular contractility, whereas nicardi-pine SR decreased left ventricular contractility.     

Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor is a potent inducer of colitis even in the absence of its secreted form

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is cleaved proteolytically from a 26-kilodalton transmembrane precursor protein into secreted 17-kilodalton monomers. Transmembrane (tm) and secreted trimeric TNF are biologically active and may mediate distinct activities. We assessed the consequences of a complete inhibition of TNF processing on the course of colitis in recombination activating gene (RAG)2 -/- mice on transfer of CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. METHODS: TNF -/- mice, transgenic for a noncleavable mutant TNF gene, were used as donors of CD4 T cells, and, on a RAG2 -/- background, also as recipients. Kinetics of disease development were compared in the absence of TNF, in the absence of secreted TNF, and in the presence of secreted and tmTNF. The analysis at the end of the observation period included the histopathologic assessment of the intestine and the localization of TNF and interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-expressing cells. RESULTS: The complete prevention of TNF secretion in tmTNF transgenic RAG2 -/- mice neither prevented nor delayed disease induction by transferred transgenic for a noncleavable transmembrane mutant of mouse TNF (tmTNF tg) CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. tmTNF expression by transferred CD4 T cells, however, was not required for disease induction because severe colitis and weight loss also were observed in tmTNF RAG2 -/- recipients of TNF -/- CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. In the presence of tmTNF, the absence of secreted TNF did not affect frequency and distribution of TNF and interferon-gamma messenger RNA (mRNA)-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that specific inhibitors of TNF processing are not appropriate for modulating the pro-inflammatory and disease-inducing effects of TNF in chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine.