连续性肾脏替代疗法对多器官功能障碍综合征患者的疗效分析

目的探讨连续性肾脏替代疗法(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)对多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS)患者的疗效。 方法将194例多器官功能障碍综合征患者分为两组,89例未使用连续性肾脏替代疗法治疗,作为常规治疗组,采用常规治疗方案,包括病因治疗、抗炎、器官功能支持等对症支持治疗。105例在常规治疗基础上加用连续性肾脏替代疗法治疗作为CRRT组。比较两组患者治疗24 h前后急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute Physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHEⅡ)评分、Marshall评分、序贯器官衰竭评分(Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SOFA)、降钙素原、平均动脉压、肌酐、氧合指数等指标的变化及7 d生存率。 结果CRRT组治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分(24.1±7.9)&(19.8±7.6)、治疗前后Marshall评分(7.3±2.7)&(6.8±2.9)及治疗前后SOFA评分(11.9±2.7)&(10.8±3.2)均显著降低,P均<0.05,而常规治疗组治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分(23.2±8.4)&(23.1±8.6)、治疗前后Marshall评分(7.1±3.1)&(7.3±3.1),治疗前后SOFA评分(11.1±3.3)&(11.2±3.5)均无显著差异。CRRT组治疗前后降钙素原10.6(7.1,16.1)& 4.7(2.5,6.9)、治疗前后平均动脉压(76.3±19.7)&(83.2±15.6)、治疗前后肌酐199(147.5, 328.5)& 149(95.5,232.5)及治疗前后氧合指数(228.9±105.1)&(269.1±111.5)均显著改善,P均<0.05,而常规治疗组治疗前后降钙素原13.7(10.1,19.6)& 13.4(10.1,21.6)、治疗前后平均动脉压(83.0±17.9)&(80.0±15.9)、治疗前后肌酐180(119.5, 281.0)& 195(113.5, 313.5)及治疗前后氧合指数(286.3±139.3)&(283.2±126.6)均无显著差异。CRRT组7 d生存率显著提高,P<0.05。 结论多器官功能障碍综合征患者早期行连续性肾脏替代疗法治疗APACHEⅡ评分、Marshall评分、SOFA评分显著降低,炎症明显消退,心血管系统功能、肾功能、呼吸系统功能得到明显改善,可显著提高患者短期生存率。     

The clinical usefulness of glycated albumin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Progress and challenges

Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to a non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, and produces Amadori products, such as glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The utility of HbA1c in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be problematic since altered lifespan of red blood cells, use of iron and/or erythropoietin therapy, uremia and so on. Therefore, as an alternative marker, GA has been suggested as a more reliable and sensitive glycemic index in patients with CKD. In addition to the mean plasma glucose concentration, GA also reflects postprandial plasma glucose and glycemic excursion. Besides, with a half-life of approximately 2–3?weeks, GA may reflect the status of blood glucose more rapidly than HbA1c. GA is also an early precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which cause alterations in various cellular proteins and organelles. Thus, high GA levels may correlate with adverse outcomes of patients with CKD. In this review, the clinical usefulness of GA was discussed, including a comparison of GA with HbA1c, the utility and limitations of GA as a glycemic index, its potential role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the correlations between GA levels and outcomes, specifically in patients with diabetes and CKD.     

2009至2013年天津早产儿视网膜病变筛查分析

目的：分析天津地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查的结果,研究肺表面活性剂及经鼻连续正压通气(NCPAP)对于ROP的影响。

方法：多中心回顾性研究。2 894例早产儿(1 592 男婴,1 302 女婴)主要来自于天津市几家大型医院,筛查时间从2009-01/2013-12,对人口统计学信息,眼科检查结果和可能的全身危险因素均进行记录。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、肺表面活性剂和NCPAP对ROP的影响进行了评估。

结果：224例448眼患有ROP(7.7%)。其中,49例98眼为严重ROP。在对照组与ROP组之间呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、NCPAP、肺表面活性剂的应用差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小孕龄、低出生体质量、吸氧是导致ROP发生的危险因素。随着肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用率增加,吸氧率逐渐下降,ROP的发生率也在下降。

结论：低出生体质量、低孕龄、吸氧史与ROP的发生密切相关,肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用可能是降低ROP发生的因素。     

Absence of an early hippocampal encoding signal after medial temporal lesions: No consequence for the spacing effect

Immediately repeated meaningful pictures in a continuous recognition task induce a positive frontal potential at about 200–300 ms, which appears to emanate from the medial temporal lobe (MTL) centered on the hippocampus, as concluded from inverse solutions, coherence measurements, and depth electrode recordings in humans. In this study, we tested patients with unilateral MTL lesions due to stroke to verify the provenance of this signal and its association with the spacing effect (SE)—the improved learning of material encountered in spaced rather than massed presentation. We found that unilateral left or right MTL lesions abolished the early frontal MTL‐mediated signal but not the spacing effect. We conclude that the SE does not depend on MTL integrity. We suggest that the early frontal signal at 200–300 ms after immediate picture repetition may serve as a direct biomarker of MTL integrity that may be useful in the early stages of diseases like Alzheimer's.     

Cost-Effectiveness of Continuous Support From a Layperson During a Woman’s First Two Births

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness and health outcomes related to continuous support from a layperson during a woman’s first two births in a theoretical population.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis.ParticipantsA theoretical cohort of 1.2 million women based on an approximation of annual low-risk, nulliparous, term, singleton births in the United States with the assumption that these women have second births. This reflects the average number of births per woman in the United States.MethodsWe designed a cost-effectiveness model to compare outcomes in women with continuous support from relatives, friends, or community members with minimal to no training (excluding trained doulas) during labor and birth compared with outcomes for women with no continuous support. Outcomes included mode of birth, uterine rupture, hysterectomy, maternal death, cost, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). We derived probabilities from the literature and set a cost-effectiveness threshold at $100,000/QALY.ResultsIn this theoretical model, continuous support by a layperson during the first birth resulted in fewer cesarean births, decreased costs, and increased QALYs for the first and subsequent births. Women with support from laypersons had 71,090 fewer cesarean births, 35 fewer uterine ruptures, 9 fewer hysterectomies, and 16 fewer maternal deaths, which saved $364 million with 2,673 increased QALYs. Sensitivity analyses showed that continuous support in the first birth was cost-effective even when varying the estimate of lost wages of the support person up to $708.ConclusionContinuous labor support from a layperson leads to fewer cesarean births, improved outcomes, decreased costs, and increased QALYs. This highlights the need to increase women’s access to continuous layperson support during labor and birth uninhibited by financial and institutional barriers.