需求满足式护理对提高胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化效果及舒适度的研究

目的研究需求满足式护理对提高胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化效果及舒适度的价值。方法将纳入本院胸外科机械通气使用微量泵持续气道湿化210例患者作为研究对象,按就诊顺序分为观察组和对照组各105例,对照组患者实施唱歌机械通气护理,观察组患者增加了需求满足式护理。对比2组患者的气道湿化情况、舒适度以及满意度情况。结果观察组患者的并发症发生率、日吸痰次数与日湿化液滴入量分别为6.67%、(2.68±1.27)次/d、(185.73±56.89)mL/d,均优于对照组的17.14%、(5.41±2.17)次/d、(113.56±43.75)mL/d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的舒适度与满意度评分分别为(8.73±0.25)分、(8.86±0.37)分,均优于对照组的(8.42±0.27)分、(8.45±0.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用需求满足式护理可优化胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化的舒适度与湿化效果。     

Opioid-Sparing Analgesia and Enhanced Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Combined Triple Nerve Blocks With Local Infiltration Analgesia

Background

Peripheral nerve block and local infiltration analgesia (LIA) have an increasing role as part of multimodal analgesia for enhanced recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesized that the combination of obturator nerve block (ONB) and tibial nerve block (TNB) would reduce pain and opioid consumption more than ONB or TNB alone when combined with continuous adductor canal block and LIA.

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Systems

Recent progress and evolution in device engineering, surgical implantation practices, and periprocedural management have advanced the promise of durable support with left ventricular assist systems (LVAS) in patients with stage D heart failure. With greater uptake of LVAS globally, a growing population of LVAS recipients have pre-existing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Strategies for optimal clinical management of CIEDs in patients with durable LVAS are evolving, and clinicians will increasingly face complex decisions regarding implantation, programming, deactivation, and removal of CIEDs. Traditional decision-making pathways for CIEDs may not apply to LVAS-supported patients, as few patients die of arrhythmic causes and many arrhythmias may be well tolerated. Given limited data, treatment decisions must be individualized and made collaboratively among electrophysiologists, advanced heart failure specialists, and patients and their caregivers. Large, prospective, well-conducted studies are needed to better understand the contemporary utility of CIEDs in patients with newer-generation LVAS.     

Innovation in Chemistry,Manufacturing, and Controls—A Regulatory Perspective From Industry

This review describes the landscape of novel modalities such as cell and gene therapies, viruses, other novel biologics, oligomers, and emerging technologies, including modern analytics. We summarize the regulatory history and recent landmark developments in some major markets and examine specific chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) challenges, including suggestions for exploration of potential science-based approaches in support of regulatory strategy development from an industry perspective. In addition, we evaluate the economic factors contributing to patient access to innovation and discuss the impact of regulation. There is a desperate need for a consistent form of regulation where global approaches to regulatory strategies can be harmonized, and specific CMC challenges can be dealt with using the appropriate science and risk-based tools. Although these tools are well described in current guidance documents, the specifics of applicability to complex novel modalities can still result in differing regulatory advice and outcomes. The future goals for efficiently regulating innovative modalities and technologies could be aided by more regulatory harmonization, regulatory education, and industry cooperation through consortia, enabling industry to supply key information to regulators in a transparent yet well-defined manner, and utilizing mutually understood risk-benefit analyses to produce drugs with appropriate safety, efficacy, and quality characteristics.     

肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗早产儿肺透明膜病的应用研究

目的 分析早产儿肺透明膜病经肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗的效果。方法 选取黄山市人民医院2014年11月-2017年11月收治的肺透明膜病早产儿50例,依据不同治疗方法分为两组,24例施予鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗者为对照组,26例予以肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗者为试验组,比较两组血气分析指标、呼吸力学与并发症发生情况。结果 治疗后,试验组血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、血氧分压(PaO₂)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、氢离子浓度指数(pH)优于对照组,且试验组呼吸时间常数(RCexp)、呼气峰流量(PEF)均较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);试验组并发症发生率为低于对照组(7.69% vs. 28.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通过肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗早产儿肺透明病,可有效改善其血气分析指标,并提升RCexp、PEF,达到减少并发症、改善预后的效果,值得推广。     

Using technology to advance type 1 diabetes care among women during the reproductive years and in pregnancy

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. Technology to improve care among individuals with diabetes is constantly being developed. Women living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have unique challenges affecting their glucose control relating to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature related to the use of technology to help women with T1DM manage their diabetes during the reproductive years, pregnancy, and beyond. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy can provider equivalent or better glucose control when compared with multiple daily injections (MDI), with less hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and weight gain. The CSII therapy has features that could help improve glucose control over the menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy, although the most studied of these stages is pregnancy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be combined with any insulin delivery system (MDI or CSII) to provide data on glucose values every few minutes and show glucose trends over time. CGM introduction can highlight glucose variability for women with T1DM, may be beneficial during pregnancy, and can reduce hypoglycemia. Sensor-augmented pump therapy and hybrid artificial pancreas (closed-loop) systems are promising tools that improve outcomes among individuals with diabetes. The use of modern technology to improve glucose and metabolic control among menopausal women with diabetes has not been well studied. Internet and phone-based technologies are emerging as important tools that may help with diabetes self-care for women living with diabetes.     

Glucose Control in the ICU: Is There a Time for More Ambitious Targets Again?

During the last 2 decades, the treatment of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients has become one of the most discussed topics in the intensive medicine field. The initial data suggesting significant benefit of normalization of blood glucose levels in critically ill patients using intensive intravenous insulin therapy have been challenged or even neglected by some later studies. At the moment, the need for glucose control in critically ill patients is generally accepted yet the target glucose values are still the subject of ongoing debates. In this review, we summarize the current data on the benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill patients focusing on the novel technological approaches including continuous glucose monitoring and its combination with computer-based algorithms that might help to overcome some of the hurdles of tight glucose control. Since increased risk of hypoglycemia appears to be the major obstacle of tight glucose control, we try to put forward novel approaches that may help to achieve optimal glucose control with low risk of hypoglycemia. If such approaches can be implemented in real-world practice the entire concept of tight glucose control may need to be revisited.     

Assessment of extravascular lung water by measuring the number of pulmonary ultrasound B-lines before and after CBP in patients with MODS

To determine whether the change in the number of pulmonary ultrasound B-line can accurately assess the extravascular lung water (EVLW) before and after continuous bedside blood purification (CBP) in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Seventy-six patients with MODS who underwent CBP were examined within 24 hours before and after CBP using pulmonary ultrasound to detect the number of ultrasound B-line or using pulse indicator continuous cardiac output method to examine extravascular lung water, blood oxygenation index, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) content. The correlation of the change in the number of B lines before and after CBP treatment with the negative balance of 24 hours liquid, the change of oxygenation index, and BNP content were analyzed.In the 76 patients, CBP treatment significantly decreased EVLW, the number of B-line, and BNP (P < .05 for all), while it significantly increased the oxygenation index (P < .05). Correlation analysis showed that the decrease in B-line number after CBP treatment was positively correlated with the 24 hours negative lung fluid balance, decrease of EVLW, oxygenation index improvement, and decreased BNP content. The change in the numbers of pulmonary ultrasound B-line can accurately assess the change of EVLW before and after CBP treatment and reflect the efficiency of ventilation in the lungs and the risk of heart failure.Thus, it can replace pulse indicator continuous cardiac output as an indicator for evaluating EVLW in patients with MODS treated with CBP.     

两种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的疗效比较

目的：观察2种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法：前瞻性研究。选取2015年4月 至2018年4月于解放军乌鲁木齐市第474医院住院并手术的翼状胬肉患者128例(128眼)，采用随机数字表法随机分成观察组和对照组，每组64例（64眼）。观察组采用翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗，对照组采用翼状胬肉切除联合间断缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗。观察2组术后1、3、 7 d的疼痛、角膜刺激症状程度；角膜荧光染色确定2组角膜上皮完全愈合时间；6个月随访中记录结膜完全愈合、瘢痕纤维增生及胬肉复发情况。2组间各指标的比较采用独立样本t检验；2组间率的比 较采用卡方检验（必要时辅以Fisher精确概率法直接计算P值）。结果：疼痛和刺激症状评分方面，观察组术后1 d和3 d均低于对照组（疼痛评分：t=-40.477，P<0.001；t=-23.376，P<0.001。刺激症状评分： t=-18.431，P<0.001；t=-7.894，P<0.001)，术前和术后7 d，2组间差异无统计学意义。角膜荧光染色 显示角膜上皮完全愈合率方面，观察组术后3 d和5 d均高于对照组（χ2 =4.354，P=0.037；χ2 =13.333， P<0.001），术后7 d组间差异无统计学意义。观察组的痊愈率高于对照组（χ2 =8.848，P=0.003），观察 组的瘢痕痊愈率低于对照组（χ2 =8.214，P=0.004），2组胬肉复发率差异无统计学意义。观察组拆线 时间早于对照组（t=-32.686，P<0.001），拆线耗时短于对照组（t=-20.236，P<0.001），拆线疼痛评分低于对照组（t=-26.580，P<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。结论：翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗原发性翼状胬肉，术后眼部疼痛、刺激、炎症反应轻，角膜上皮愈合更快，可明显减少瘢痕的形成，术后拆线更早，拆线耗时短且疼痛感较轻。