基于伴刀豆球蛋白A的溶胶-凝胶互变糖敏感系统研究进展

伴刀球蛋白A(Con A)是一种由刀豆植物中提取的凝集素,其分子上存在与糖分子的特异性结合点,因此常应用于糖敏感给药系统中。文中首先介绍了基于Con A的溶胶-凝胶互变糖敏感系统的早期研究情况,提出早期研究普遍出现的难题,即系统中Con A流失产生的毒性以及系统糖敏感性的降低;而近年来的研究则采用将Con A固定在单体上或聚合物上试图解决此难题。文中还介绍了采用基于ConA的溶胶-凝胶互变糖敏感系统作为模拟性胰腺进行的基础性应用研究进展。     

黄芪注射液对氯化镉致睾丸和附睾毒性的拮抗作用

目的研究黄芪注射液拮抗氯化镉诱导的大鼠睾丸和附睾毒性作用及其机制。方法将50只SpragueDawley雄性大鼠随机分成5组:低浓度黄芪组(A1)、高浓度黄芪组(A2)、环磷酰胺组(CP)、氯化镉组(Cd)和对照组(C)。预先连续7d分别给A1组和A2组大鼠腹腔注射黄芪注射液5g·kg-1·d-1和10g·kg-1·d-1,CP组和Cd组以等量蒸馏水腹腔注射作对照。之后连续21d给A1组、A2组和Cd组大鼠同时腹腔注射氯化镉溶液(0.2mg·kg-1·d-1)。染镉后第22天处死大鼠,观察睾丸脏器系数、精子头计数、每日精子生成量、附睾尾精子计数和畸形率以及睾丸和附睾病理学;检测血清和睾丸组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)。结果A2组睾丸脏器系数、睾丸精子头计数、每日精子生成量和附睾精子计数[(5.68±1.19)、(49±9)×106/g、(10.2±2.3)×106/g、(47.5±22.5)×106/ml]明显高于Cd组[(3.11±0.16)、(39±11)×106/g、(5.1±0.3)×106/g、(10.9±2.4)×106/ml](P<0.05或P<0.01);A2组大鼠精子畸形率[(7.04±0.12)%]明显下降,与Cd组[(17.81±1.55)%]相比,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);A2组血清及睾丸组织MDA含量和T-SOD活力与Cd组比较差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论黄芪注射液可用于防治氯化镉的生殖毒性作用,其作用机制可能与黄芪清除氧自?     

二氢石蒜碱对过氧化氢损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨二氢石蒜碱(DL)对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤的影响及其可能机制。方法:用H2O2(200μmol.L-1)处理PC12细胞建立氧化应激模型,并加入二氢石蒜碱预处理作为保护。噻唑蓝(MTT)法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测细胞存活率和细胞损伤程度,利用荧光探针DCFH-DA和JC-1分别检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位。结果:H2O2作用于PC12细胞后,细胞存活率下降,LDH活性和ROS含量增高,线粒体膜电位降低,与正常对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01);10-7～10-5mol.L-1DL预处理后,细胞存活率提高,LDH和ROS变低,线粒体膜电位回升,且在一定范围呈剂量依赖性。结论:DL对H2O2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与减少ROS产生和稳定线粒体膜电位有关。     

Herbal medicines for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Long-term excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD)—a global health problem without effective therapeutic approach. ALD is increasingly considered as a complex and multifaceted pathological process, involving oxidative stress, inflammation and excessive fatty acid synthesis. Over the past decade, herbal medicines have attracted much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of ALD, due to their multiple targets and less toxic side effects. Several herbs, such as Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae), etc., have been shown to be quite effective and are being widely used in China today for the treatment of ALD when used alone or in combination.

Aim of the review

To review current available knowledge on herbal medicines used to prevent or treat ALD and their underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

We used the pre-set searching syntax and inclusion criteria to retrieve available published literature from PUBMED and Web of Science databases, all herbal medicines and their active compounds tested on ALD induced by both acute and chronic alcohol ingestion were included.

Results

A total of 40 experimental studies involving 34 herbal medicines and (or) active compounds were retrieved and reviewed. We found that all reported extracts and individual compounds from herbal medicines/natural plants could be beneficial to ALD, which might be attributed to regulate multiple critical targets involved in the pathways of oxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Screening chemical candidate from herbal medicine might be a promising approach to drug discovery for the prevention or treatment of ALD. However, further studies remain to be done on the systematic assessment of herbal medicines against ALD and the underlying mechanisms, as well as their quality control studies.     

海南省保亭黎族地区药用植物资源调查研究

选择海南省保亭县中全村人口均为黎族人的南梗、抄芭两个村对保亭县的植物资源进行调查.结果 表明,这两个村的药用维管束植物资源有83科186属225种,其中蕨类6科6属6种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物75科178属217种,225种药用植物中包含13种海南特有种[海南苏铁Cycas hainanensis C.J.Chen、海南轮环藤Cyclea hainanensis Merr.、海南地不容Stephania hainanensis H.S.Lo et Y. Tsoong. 、海南梧桐Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm.、海南韶子Nephelium topengii (Merr.)H.S.、降香黄檀(花梨母)Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen等]、7种国家级保护植物[黑桫椤Cyathea podophylla (Hook.) Cop.、野生龙眼Euphoria longan (Lour.)Steud.、野生荔枝L. chinensis Sonn. var. cuspontanea Hsue等]5种海南省重点保护植物[黄牛木Cratoxylon ligustrinum(Spach.)Bl.、细子龙Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.)Hu、龙眼Euphoria longan (Lour.)Steud.、荔枝Litchi chinensis Sonn.、海南韶子等]和15种民间药用但未见记载或仅记载有药用而未开展深入研究的药用植物[膜叶嘉赐树Casearia membranacea Hance、爪哇马儿Mukia javanica (Miq.) C.Jeffrey、大苞栝楼Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt等].对保亭黎族地区药用植物资源的科属特点进行分析,结果显示:这些药用植物在科的分布中比较集中,主要分布在蝶形花科、大戟科、菊科、姜科、芸香科、无患子科、伞形科、茜草科等科中,在属的分布中比较分散,186属中仅有30个属含有2种或2种以上的种.     

芡实及其近缘种药材ITS2条形码鉴定研究

目的:应用ITS2条形码鉴定芡实及其近缘种药材。方法:提取20份芡实及其近缘种药材样品基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增ITS2序列并双向测序,测序后用Sequin 12.3提交至GenBank;从GenBank上下载所有芡实及其近缘种30种102条ITS2序列;对提交与下载的122条序列,应用MEGA5.1软件进行序列比对,计算种内和种间距离,采用相似性搜索法、最近距离法进行鉴定分析,并构建NJ系统进化树直观反映鉴定结果。结果:芡实药材ITS2序列长度均为214 bp,为1个单倍型,与其近缘种之间遗传距离较远,NJ树结果显示芡实及其近缘种药材可明显区分开,表现出良好的单系性。结论:ITS2序列作为DNA条形码能稳定、准确地鉴别芡实药材,为保障临床安全用药提供了新的技术手段,为拓宽DNA条形码技术在中药鉴定中的应用进行了新的探索。     

Lifespan extension by n-butanol extract from seed of Platycladus orientalis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Aim of the study

As a traditional Chinese medicine, seed of Platycladus orientalis(Linnaeus) Franco has been extensively used as a tonic and sedative remedy. The present study was conducted to investigate whether lifespan was extended and the mechanisms of n-butanol extract from seed of Platycladus orientalis (BSPO) in Caenorhabditis elegans. The findings could provide the pharmacological basis for a treatment in traditional medicine.

Materials and methods

Lifespan extension by BSPO was evaluated under normal culture conditions and in a stress test. A possible mechanism of the anti-aging effect of BSPO, a change in the stress-resistance of related proteins, was also investigated in C. elegans.

Results

It has been shown that BSPO could significantly extend lifespan of C. elegans in a concentration dependent manner under normal culture conditions and stress. Further studies demonstrated that BSPO treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, up-regulated resistance to stress of related proteins, including glutathione S-transferase-4 (GST-4) and heat shock protein-16.2 (HSP-16.2), and reduced the amount of lipofuscin in transgenic C. elegans.

Conclusion

These results indicated that BSPO extended the lifespan, which could be attributed to its direct ROS scavenging activity, reducing the amount of lipofuscin and increasing the expression of gens associated with resistance to stress. These obtained data provided valuable support for traditional clinical practice to extend lifespan and to provide tonic remedy.