关于中外合作办学近十年来的研究综述

中外合作办学在我国已经走过了十多年的历程,其在引进整合国外先进的教育资源、更进一步加大我国高等教育国际化步伐方面具有积极的作用,但同时在具体办学过程中也出现了许多问题。在此大背景下,学术界、理论界对中外合作办学进行了各方面多学科、多视角的研究。笔者抓住了其中研究较多的问题进行综述:关于中外合作办学的宏观考察与研究;中外合作办学的模式研究;中外合作办学中的广告宣传问题;中外合作办学中的高校德育与学生管理问题;中外合作办学中的外籍教师队伍建设问题;中外办学的收费管理研究;关于中外合作办学的质量评估及管理研究;中外合作办学的高等院校的典型案例研究。     

左束支起搏和右室心尖部起搏在老年房室传导阻滞患者中的临床疗效比较

目的比较左束支起搏（left bundle branch pacing, LBBP）和右室心尖部起搏（right ventricular apical pacing, RVAP）治疗老年房室传导阻滞（atrioventricular block, AVB）患者的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2021年6月因AVB于同济大学附属第十人民医院行永久起搏器植入术256例患者（≥65岁）的临床资料,根据起搏方式将患者分为RVAP组（n=121）和LBBP组（n=135）。比较两组起搏方式的临床疗效。 结果两组患者基线资料均无明显统计学差异。两组患者的起搏参数（阈值、感知和阻抗）在术中、术后7d、术后1年差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,但LBBP组患者术后QRS波群时限明显缩短（均P<0.001）。术后1年随访中,与RVAP组相比,LBBP组起搏术式显著改善患者心功能,如左室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径、NT-proBNP表达水平（均P<0.05）。此外,LBBP组和RVAP组相比,并发症发生率和起搏器依赖患者比例无显著差异（均P>0.05）,但LBBP患者术后1年内再住院率显著降低(P=0.004)。进一步行Logistic回归分析发现LBBP起搏术式与老年AVB患者的再住院率有关（全部进入模式P=0.014,向前逐步回归模式P=0.010）。Kaplan-Meier累积事件曲线的比较显示RVAP和LBBP的累积再住院率有显著统计学差异（P=0.003）。ROC曲线分析也揭示了不同起搏术式对老年AVB患者的再住院率有预测价值（P=0.011,AUC=0.703,灵敏度=0.857,特异度=0.550）。 结论与传统RVAP相比,LBBP起搏术式治疗老年AVB患者具有更好的安全性和稳定性,可有效改善患者心功能,降低患者再住院率。     

Bundle branch block and nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay prevalence using Chinese nationwide survey data

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with intraventricular conduction disturbance in the Chinese population.MethodsElectrocardiographic data from 42,031 people were retrospectively analysed. The weighted prevalences of left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), bifascicular block and nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NS-IVCD) were calculated. The independently associated factors were determined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe weighted prevalence for Chinese people older than 45 years was 0.17% for LBBB, 2.16% for RBBB and 0.44% for NS-IVCD. The weighted prevalence for RBBB combined with left anterior fascicular block was 0.17%, and 0.05% for RBBB combined with left posterior fascicular block. There were significant differences in the weighted prevalences of RBBB and NS-IVCD between men and women. The weighted prevalence of LBBB and RBBB increased markedly with increasing age. Age and diabetes were independent factors associated with LBBB, compared with age and sex for RBBB and sex and coronary artery disease for NS-IVCD.ConclusionsThis study provided reliable data for the weighted prevalence of and factors associated with LBBB, RBBB and NS-IVCD in Chinese adults.     

颈脊神经后内侧支卡压的解剖及其临床意义

目的为临床诊治颈神经后内侧支卡压提供解剖学基础。方法对10具（20侧）成人尸体头颈标本颈脊神经后内侧支易受卡压的部位进行解剖学观测。结果（1）C2颈脊神经后内侧浅支（枕大神经）易受卡压处分别位于该神经走行于头下斜肌与枢椎椎弓板之间段、穿过头半棘肌段和穿上项线骨纤维孔处。（2）C3-5脊神经后内侧浅支（第三枕神经）易受卡压处分别位于该神经穿行头半棘肌和穿头夹肌段。C3颈脊神经后内侧深支即头夹肌支,该神经穿过头半棘肌处。（3）C3-8后内侧支穿颈脊神经后支骨纤维管。结论颈神经后内侧支穿行的骨纤维管、项部肌肉、项部肌肉的腱性组织是造成颈脊神经后内侧支卡压的解剖学基础。     

Can Right Ventricular Branch Bypass Alleviate Right Ventricular Dysfunction?

BackgroundRight ventricle (RV) dysfunction after a coronary artery bypass grafting procedure is a challenge that adversely affects RV filling pressure and contraction. This study sought to determine whether additional bypass of an RV branch would lessen RV dysfunction.MethodsPatients with severe right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients (n = 50) had a single distal bypass on the RCA. Group 2 patients (n = 50) had both distal RCA and additional bypass on the RV branch of the RCA. Right ventricular function was examined by echocardiogram by measuring transannular plane systolic excursion, fractional area change, tissue Doppler S-wave velocity, and inferior vena cava diameter.ResultsTransannular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change measurements rapidly decreased below the cutoff in both groups, but group 2 patient values reached normal limits at 90 days. Tissue Doppler S-wave velocity reached the normal limit in 7 days. Inotropic agents were required in 11 patients in group 1 and 2 patients in group 2 (P = .013). The mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 2.11 (1.12) days and 1.45 (0.71) days (P = .033), and the hospital stay was 7.32 (1.44) days and 6.22 (0.45) days in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .027).ConclusionThe data in this study suggest that an additional graft on the RV branch of the RCA (eg, conus, marginal, any good runoff vessels on the RV) prevents severe RV dysfunction and allows for rapid recovery of RV dysfunction after off-pump coronary surgery.     

Anatomical study of the communicating branches of cords of the brachial plexus and their clinical implications

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and patterns of the communicating branches of cords of the brachial plexus (BPs). This study was performed with 50 fixed adult cadavers (all 100 sides). The BPs were exposed, the presence of the communicating branches of BPs were determined, measured, and photographed. The communicating branches were identified in 27 sides of the BPs. According to enthesis, the communicating branches between the medial and lateral cords (25 sides) were divided into five types. The most common branches connected the lateral cord with the medial root of the median nerve (16 sides). All the communicating branches between the lateral and medial cords obliquely crossed anterior to the axillary artery and passed below the thoracoacromial artery trunk. The distance of the communicating branch with the origin of thoracoacromial artery trunk was 1.60 ± 0.64 cm. The length, transverse diameter, and anteroposterior diameter of communicating branch were 1.67 ± 0.62 cm, 1.77 ± 0.63 mm, and 1.91 ± 0.34 mm, respectively. These anatomical data about the communicating branches will be helpful for surgeons who perform surgical procedures in the cervical and axillary regions. Clin. Anat. 27:631–636, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

AANEM Application

Introduction: This anatomical study evaluates the role and correlation of ultrasound (US) with anatomy in depicting the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and to evaluate the feasibility of US guided perineural infiltration as a potential therapeutic option in Wartenberg syndrome. Methods: Twenty‐one arms from 11 non‐embalmed cadavers were examined with US. Under US guidance perineural injection with ink was performed proximal to the site where the SBRN perforates the forearm fascia. The distribution of ink around the nerve was evaluated with dissection. Results: US allowed the distinction of the SBRN segments and their relation to the fascia. In all cases, the subfascial segment was stained. In only 57% the subfascially applied ink also reached the subcutaneous compartment. Conclusions: With US it is possible to examine and differentiate all segments of the SBRN. US guidance can be used for perineural injection of all relevant segments. Muscle Nerve 50: 939–942, 2014