Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the renal pedicle treated with detachable balloons: A case report

A case of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the right renal pedicle is reported here. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and successful treatment was achieved using detachable balloon.     

The pathology of encephalic arteriovenous malformations treated by prior embolotherapy

Summary A pathologic study was undertaken of seven encephalic arteriovenous malformations, including five resected from one to seven days after balloon embolization, one resected 10 days after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA), and a large mesencephalic AVM in a patient who died eight weeks after a series of embolization procedures with PVA and silicone spheres. AVM's resected 6–7 days following balloon embolization showed focal mural and adventitial inflammatory infiltrates and parenchymal (i.e. non-vascular) necrosis of a large portion of one AVM. The AVM examined 7 days post-balloon embolization showed an intraluminal thrombus containing refractile particles surrounded by foreign body giant cells (FBGC's). The AVM removed 10 days after PVA embolotherapy showed mural and perivascular necrosis with infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The single autopsy case showed FBGC's surrounding residual PVA, refractile particles deep within vascular walls, and marked mural thickening of AVM channel walls, changes that may represent a response to previous angionecrosis and inflammation at the time of embolization. These findings, the pathogenesis of which is discussed in detail, may help to explain some of the rare complications of iatrogenic embolotherapy with these materials, as well as providing evidence for the basis of their efficacy.Presented in part at the 63rd Annual meeting of the American Association of Neuropathologists, Seattle, Washington, June, 1987     

碘油与不同栓塞剂组合对子宫肌瘤疗效的影响

目的研究以碘油为主组合不同栓塞剂型治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法36例子宫肌瘤患者,随机分为3组,采用与碘油不同栓塞剂组合,行双侧子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗。Ⅰ组碘油 无水乙醇;Ⅱ组碘油 平阳霉素;Ⅲ组碘油 平阳霉素 无水乙醇 明胶海绵粒。术后随访观察月经恢复情况、瘤体大小、有无并发症发生等。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组UAE治疗后,子宫肌瘤缩小>50%分别为3、4、8例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ3组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组间并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论碘油与无水乙醇、平阳霉素、明胶海绵粒联合栓塞子宫肌瘤其疗效优于其它组合剂型。     

Eight-channel transmit/receive body MRI coil at 3T.

Multichannel transmit magnetic resonance imaging (MR) systems have the potential to compensate for signal-intensity variations occurring at higher field strengths due to wave propagation effects in tissue. Methods such as RF shimming and local excitation in combination with parallel transmission can be applied to compensate for these effects. Moreover, parallel transmission can be applied to ease the excitation of arbitrarily shaped magnetization patterns. The implementation of these methods adds new requirements in terms of MRI hardware. This article describes the design of a decoupled eight-element transmit/receive body coil for 3T. The setup of the coil is explained, starting with standard single-channel resonators. Special focus is placed on the decoupling of the elements to obtain independent RF resonators. After a brief discussion of the underlying theory, the properties and limitations of the coil are outlined. Finally, the functionality and capabilities of the coil are demonstrated using RF measurements as well as MRI sequences.     

Transceive surface coil array for MRI of the human prostate at 4T.

A novel torso transceive surface coil array for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) at 4T is presented. It is shown that with the use of a conformal transceive surface coil array with 50 Omega transmitter amplifiers and receiver preamplifiers, one can perform whole-volume torso imaging while maintaining the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) inherent to surface coil designs. Recent theoretical considerations have shown that by focusing the infringing radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field, one can achieve increased penetration and signal homogeneity compared to a conventional circularly polarized driving scheme. A variation of this driving scheme particular to the proposed coil design resulted in a twofold increase in SNR in the prostate compared to that achieved with a conventional circularly polarized driving scheme. The novel transceive surface coil array presented is capable of full-volume imaging of the human torso at 4T while maintaining signal penetration in the deep region of the prostate gland.     

动脉栓塞治疗产后出血的临床应用研究

目的评价经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗产后出血的血管造影表现及疗效。方法65例产后出血患者采用右股动脉Seldinger's穿刺技术,选择性插管至双侧髂内动脉或子宫动脉,行数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确出血原因、部位后用庆大霉素浸泡过的明胶海绵颗粒或条栓塞。结果插管成功率100%,手术时间30～60min,平均45.2±4.8min,术后止血总有效率98.46%。术后随访3～60个月,均无严重并发症发生,子宫体按期复旧,转经后月经正常。结论TAE创伤小,疗效快速肯定,对危及生命的产后出血是一种有效的治疗措施。     

经未显影的岩下窦途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经未显影的岩下窦途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(CSDAF)的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析7例CSDAF病人的临床资料,均经未显影的岩下窦插管,以微弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦和瘘口。结果5例插管成功并达到完全致密栓塞;2例导管虽插入海绵窦,但海绵窦分隔致导管位置与瘘口不相通,而改行面静脉-眼静脉途径插管行栓塞治疗。7例病人均治愈,随访5～20个月,均无复发。结论经岩下窦途径栓塞是CSDAF最常用的治疗方法,即使岩下窦未显影,也有相当部分病人可插管和治疗成功。     

经子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注及栓塞 在宫颈妊娠保守治疗中的应用

目的探讨经子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注化疗及栓塞术在宫颈妊娠保守治疗中的应用价值.方法 6例宫颈妊娠患者,孕龄36～68天,经阴道超声检查明确诊断后,行双侧子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注及栓塞治疗.结果所有患者均一次治疗成功,术后患者的阴道出血明显减少或中止,血β-HCG水平迅速下降.患者的宫颈形态及月经周期于治疗后4个月内恢复正常.结论子宫动脉氨甲蝶呤灌注化疗及栓塞术是保守治疗宫颈妊娠的有效方法.     

去胆管及去门静脉肝叶肝细胞功能分化的研究

目的 观察胆管结扎及门静脉结扎后肝细胞形态及功能分化现象,探讨去胆管及去门静脉肝叶的保留价值.方法 应用氰基丙烯酸酯对仅保留两个肝叶的大鼠行一叶胆道栓塞并结扎,另一肝叶行门静脉结扎,进行分肝静脉血化验检查、组织病理及超微结构观察.结果 去胆管肝叶形态及糖原染色变化不大,分肝静脉血白蛋白(30.9±1.8)g/L与对照组(31.9±2.0)g/,L比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).去门脉肝叶萎缩明显,但血胆红素指标维持正常,与未处理对照组比较[(7.7±3.2)比(8.7±2.3)μmol/L]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 去胆管肝叶在观察期内无明显萎缩,仍保留有蛋白质合成分泌等功能;去门脉肝叶肝细胞能够承担胆汁代谢功能.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的随访研究

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法对47例子宫肌瘤患者进行选择性子宫动脉造影及栓塞治疗并进行术后随访,观察其子宫肌瘤血供特点、临床疗效、肌瘤复发率。结果子宫肌瘤以一侧子宫动脉供血为主占85.1%,双侧子宫动脉同时供血14.9%,卵巢动脉参与供血6.4%。随访47例患者,治愈17%,显效68%,有效12.7%,无效2.12%,随访6～48个月未发现术后再发肌瘤。结论子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的方法安全有效,特别是对黏膜下子宫肌瘤可以达到瘤体消失治愈的效果。