The implications of Project 2000 and the formation of links with higher education for the professional and academic needs of nurse teachers in the United Kingdom

A national study was conducted between 1991 and 1994 to explore and describe the changing role of the nurse teacher following the introduction of Project 2000 pre-registration nursing courses. Multiple methods were used to collect data from a wide variety of respondents (nurse teachers, midwife teachers, clinical nurses, health service managers and higher education lecturers). This paper presents the findings relating to the impact of Project 2000 and the move into higher education on the continuing educational needs of nurse teachers. Views on college strategies for staff development, the changing nature of teachers'academic and professional development needs and the problems of the conflicting demands experienced are reported. The research highlights the need for clinical credibility to be clearly defined in relation to nurse teachers and for educational institutions to place more emphasis on teachers'clinical development if the rhetoric of policy is to become a reality.     

Evaluation of dietetic activity analysis (DAA)—a system for data collection in clinical dietetics

A system of data collection and analysis based on patient visits was evaluated over a four-week period in five districts and a six-month period in one district by twenty-five dietitians. Each patient visit was analysed by diagnosis (the problem), by diet (the treatment) and by nutritional care level (the action). The system was seen to encourage self analysis by dietitians and proved a useful educational tool in addition to providing dietetic managers with data on clinical dietetic activity. It was considered successful and well accepted in four of the six districts.     

The Clinical Effects of Alantoin Powder for Gargleon Periodontal Diseases and Aphthous Ulcer

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Magnetic resonance imaging reveals no ventriculomegaly in polydrug abusers

Previous studies of cerebral structure in substance abusers yielded controversial results, largely due to issues of subject selection and/or limitations of experimental techniques. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR), determined volumetrically by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), differed in polysubstance abusers (n = 10), as compared with age-matched controls (n = 10). Subjects were male volunteers 21–39 years of age. The values of VBR in the polydrug abuse group were not larger than those in control group, nor was there any tendency toward relative ventriculomegaly in the substance abusers. Therefore, the present findings provide no evidence that polysubstance abuse produces abnormalities of gross brain structure in relatively young and physically healthy men.     

Functional restoration in chronic low back pain

Conventional treatments have not slowed down the ever expanding low back pain (LBP) problem. Traditional treatment has most probably contributed to the growth of the problem. Therefore, in a search for new solutions, 'functional restoration' has been devised. In connection with chronic LBP the term has been associated with a full-day program lasting from 3 to 5 weeks. it includes multidisciplinary treatment of patients in groups with intensive physical and ergonomic training, psychological pain management, back school, as well as teaching in social/work related issues. The key concepts are 'acceptance of the pain', 'activity', 'self-responsibility', 'multidisciplinary' and 'quantitative functional evaluation (QFE)'. The latter is aimed so that the participants can feel the physical improvement, encouraging them to be able to go back to work, or at least to lead a more active life style. Several controlled studies suggest a lasting effect in terms of regaining their ability to work and improving pain behavior for a good part of disabled chronic LBP patients. However, it is noteworthy that randomized studies seemingly show poorer results than studies not employing randomized controls.     

The Italian mental health reform nine years on

It is 9 years since the mental health reform was passed by the Italian Parliament. The author presents a data-based evaluation of the effects of the Italian mental health reform. There are still many problems to be resolved: More than 30,000 inpatients are still in psychiatric hospitals and little is known of the fate of those discharged in recent years. District mental health services are still lacking, especially in the south of the country; Psychiatric units in the general hospital function much the same way as the "old" psychiatric hospitals. The pattern of mental health services consumers have changed: They are younger with less severe psychiatric diagnosis and come from a higher social background.     

Clinical and microbiological effects of daily brushing with either NaF or SnF2 gels in subjects with fixed or removable dental prostheses

61 adults, with fixed or removable dental protheses, completed a 6-month double-blind trial comparing the clinical and microbial effects of brushing twice daily with either 0.22% NaF or 0.4% SnF2. Those subjects brushing with SnF2 had less gingivitis and fewer bleeding sites for both "total teeth" and "abutment teeth". Plaque scores between groups were only statistically different for the "abutment teeth". The microbial parameters, salivary S. mutans and subgingival plaque total CFU, were significantly reduced in the SnF2 group. In both treatment groups, there was a reduction over the course of the study in the number of subjects with recoverable A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides, yet there was no difference between groups.     

Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of furcation defects in mandibular molars

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the regenerative potential of the periodontal tissues in degree III furcation defects at mandibular molars using a treatment procedure based on the principle of guided tissue regeneration. The patient sample included 21 patients, 26-65 years of age, who presented periodontal lesions in the right and left molar regions including "through and through" furcation defects. After an initial examination, each patient was subjected to a series of full-mouth scaling and root planing. 2-3 months later, they were recalled for a baseline examination. The furcation-involved molars were randomly assigned in each patient to either a test or a control treatment procedure. The test procedure included the elevation of muco-periosteal flaps at the buccal and lingual aspects of the molars. Granulation tissue was removed and the exposed root surfaces were debrided and planed. The width and the height of the entrance openings to the furcation defects were assessed. A teflon membrane was adjusted to cover the entrances to the defects (buccal and lingual) and was retained in the manner described by Pontoriero et al. (1988). The flaps were repositioned on the outer surface of the membrane and secured by sutures which were removed after 10 days. Following surgery, the patients were instructed to rinse the mouth twice daily for 4 weeks with chlorhexidine gluconate. The membranes were removed after a healing period of 1-2 months. A surgical procedure identical to the test procedure was performed in the control tooth regions with the exception of the placement of membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: When and how to treat

Summary In the 4th International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL), staging and response criteria were proposed to help physicians make decisions on when and how to treat patients with CLL. The most important factor is prolonging survival. There are several promising new treatment approaches under investigation, and the criteria proposed should facilitate future therapy trials.Supported in part by grants 89-0353 (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social), PA 85-0234 and PB 86-0593 (Dirreción General de Investigación Científica y Técnica), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia     

47例骨髓穿刺干抽的临床和病理分析

分析４７例骨髓穿刺干抽的临床和病理改变，干抽占同期１３１９例骨穿的３．６％。根据骨髓细胞的密度和间质纤维增殖的程度，把干抽的原因分为４类：高细胞伴间质细胞增多者１９例（４２．２％）；间质细胞增多者１４例（３１．１％）；高细胞者８例（１７．８％）及低细胞者４例（８．９％）。主要疾病为：急性淋巴细胞白血病（２５．５％），急性非淋巴细胞白血病（１７．０％），慢性白血病（１４．９％），骨髓转移瘤（１０．６