抗乙肝胎盘转移因子治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效观察

目的 观察抗乙肝胎盘转移因子治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效.方法 选择193例并发症已控制的活动性乙型肝炎肝硬化病人,予以抗乙肝胎盘转移因子治疗.治疗24周前后观察患者症状和体征(乏力、肝区疼痛、肝脾大)、生化指标如肝功能(ALT、AST、血清总蛋白、清蛋白、总胆红素、A/G等)、血常规、肝纤维化指标(HA、LN、PⅢP、PⅣP)、蛋白电泳等项目.结果 治疗24周后患者症状和体征及肝功能、血常规、肝纤维化指标、蛋白电泳等指标均得到改善,且与治疗前比较有显著性差异,P＜0.05.结论 抗乙肝胎盘转移因子对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的症状和生化指标有较好的改善作用.     

CIK治疗肝硬化患者抗病毒疗效及对淋巴细胞和DC的影响

目的:观察自体细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗对于慢性HBV感染所致的肝硬化患者淋巴细胞和树突细胞的影响以及其抗病毒疗效.方法: 33例肝硬化患者给予CIK细胞治疗,在治疗前后检测患者淋巴细胞亚群和mDC以及pDC的数量、病毒学标志以及其他不良反应.结果:CIK治疗后, 12例患者HBVDNA阴转,总有效率达51.5%.14例HBeAg阳性患者中有10例阴转, 5例患者出现HBeAb转换.在治疗无效病例仅CD8 T淋巴细胞、NKT细胞较治疗前有明显增高,而有效病例则表现出CD3 、 CD4 、 CD8 T淋巴细胞以及NKT细胞均较治疗前明显增高.且有效病例mDC、 pDC的数量较治疗前有明显增高.结论:CIK细胞治疗对于慢性HBV感染所致的肝硬化患者有一定的抗病毒疗效.其可诱导体内多种免疫活性细胞增高.     

慢性肝炎及肝硬化患者血小板计数的临床探讨

目的 探讨血小板计数(PLT)在慢性肝炎及不同程度肝硬化患者中的变化及临床意义.方法 采用日本Sysmex SF-3000全自动血细胞分析仪对慢性肝炎60例及肝硬化患者60例(按Child-Pugh分级:A级21例,B级22例,C级17例)、健康对照组100例的PLT进行检测,并将各组的变化进行比较分析.结果 慢性肝炎组和肝硬化组的PLT均显著减少(P＜0.01),随着肝硬化进程PLT减少更显著,与A级相比,B、C级的PLT更有显著变化(P＜0.01和P＜0.001).结论 外周PLT对评估慢性肝病的严重程度、出血倾向有重要的指导作用.     

慢性肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化患者能量代谢的研究

目的了解慢性肝炎（慢肝）与肝炎后肝硬化（肝硬化）患者的物质能量代谢与摄入特点，以有效指导营养治疗。方法采用间接测热法对60例慢肝（慢肝组）和60例肝硬化患者（肝硬化组）的静息能量消耗水平进行测定，分别与Harris—Benedict公式计算的基础能量消耗和膳食调查计算的食物能量摄入进行比较；分析静息能量消耗与营养评价指标的相关性。结果肝硬化组的静息能量消耗（77±21）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1，低于基础能量消耗（95±16）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1（t=-6．49，P〈0．01），能量摄入（102±33）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1，是静息能量消耗的1．42±0．61倍，其中蛋白质摄入（0．84±0．31）g·kg^-1·d^-1，是静息蛋白质消耗[（1．11±0．42）g·kg^-1·d^-1的0．85±0．52倍，呈负氮平衡（-6．29±4．62）；慢肝组的静息能量消耗[（93±18）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1]与基础能量消耗[（98±8）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1]比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），能量摄入为（127±34）kJ·kg^-1·d^-1，是静息能量消耗的1．41±0．43倍，其中蛋白质摄入（1．02±0．29）g·kg^-1·d^-1，是静息蛋白质消耗（0．87±0．34）g·kg^-1·d^-1的1．31±0．61倍，呈负氮平衡（-2．02±4．07）；与慢肝组比较，肝硬化组的静息能量消耗、能量及三大能量营养素摄入量、血清白蛋白和前白蛋白水平均显著低下（P〈0．01），体重下降明显（P〈0．01），负氮平衡严重（P〈0．01）；肝硬化组的能量摄入与静息能量消耗和基础能量消耗的比值呈正相关（P〈0．05），血清前白蛋白与蛋白质氧化率呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论肝硬化患者的静息能量消耗呈低代谢状态；负氮平衡是慢肝与肝硬化患者的共同营养问题；早期预防慢性肝病患者的营养不良能够改善其远期预后。     

酒精性肝硬化治疗现状和研究进展

酒精性肝硬化是一种由长期过量饮酒所导致的肝细胞硬化,临床表现主要为倦怠乏力、腹痛、下肢水肿等。随着近几年对酒精性肝硬化机制研究的深入,其治疗方法主要集中在戒酒治疗、营养支持治疗、药物治疗、手术治疗和中医药治疗几个方面。相信随着科学技术的进步,医学工作者将进一步阐明酒精性肝硬化的发病机制,发现更有效的治疗方法。     

Primary biliary cirrhosis in female subjects with sicca-associated antibodies

Abstract

The aim of this study is to clarify the time course of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in subjects possessing anticentromere antibodies (ACA), anti-Ro, and/or anti-La antibodies, and who used alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a serological marker for PBC. Female subjects (n = 165), who had at least one of ACA, anti-Ro, and/or anti-La, were enrolled in this study. Groups A (ACA alone, n = 44), B (anti-Ro alone, n = 54), E (anti-Ro and anti-La, n = 52), and DFG (ACA with anti-Ro and/or anti-La, n = 14) were analyzed. Healthy females (n = 65) were used as a control. The frequencies of the PBC in groups A (13.6%) and DFG (14.3%) were higher than those in groups B (1.9%) and E (0.0%). The ALP levels increased with age in groups A and DFG and slightly increased with age in groups B and C, and the control group. After correcting for age by analysis of covariance, a comparison of ALP levels among the groups not having anti-M₂ was as follows: group A ≒ group DFG > group B ≒ group E ≒ the control group. The subjects with ACA might thus have PBC more frequently than either those with anti-Ro and/or anti-La, or the control subjects.     

Entecavir for the long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, progressive hepatic fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. Suppression of HBV replication is recognized as the primary on-treatment goal of antiviral therapy, as reduction of serum HBV DNA to low or undetectable levels is highly likely to have a positive impact on long-term clinical outcomes in HBV-associated chronic liver disease. Entecavir is an oral nucleoside analogue that effectively inhibits HBV polymerase, resulting in rapid viral suppression. Long-term data on patients receiving entecavir for chronic hepatitis B have demonstrated high potency, a low incidence of antiviral drug resistance and good tolerability, making entecavir an ideal first-line agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.     

Hepatitis B virus infection in children

For two decades, hepatitis B vaccine has been integrated into national routine childhood vaccination programs in almost all countries. The prevalence of HBsAg has decreased in children worldwide. However, there are children who miss the benefit of hepatitis B vaccine in some regions and countries. Long-term follow-up studies have revealed the clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children. A small percentage of chronically infected children develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is controversial who should be treated and when antiviral treatment should be initiated in children. Compared with adult studies, the data are insufficient to evaluate the pathogenesis of hepatitis B infection and the efficacy of antiviral treatment in childhood. New antiviral drugs have been approved for children and adults. Also, oral antiviral drugs are administered to pregnant women to reduce the hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission rate.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌治疗对肝硬化患者肠道菌群的影响及其意义研究

目的：研究微生态制剂对肝硬化患者肠道菌群失调的治疗作用。方法：选择肠道菌群中具有代表性的细菌共5种进行培养和计数。选择24名正常人为对照组，计数肠道菌群中5种细菌的数量；60例肝硬化患者随机分成常规治疗组（28例）及蜡样芽孢杆菌微生态治疗组（32例），分别治疗4w，观察治疗前后肠道菌群落计数及血清脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）的变化。结果：①肝硬化组患者存在不同程度的肠道菌群失调，主要表现为厌氧菌减少（P〈0．05），而需氧菌显著增多（P〈0．05）；②蜡样芽孢杆菌微生态治疗组可明显提高肝硬化患者肠道厌氧菌的数量（P〈0．05），降低需氧菌的数量（P〈0．05），并可降低肝硬化患者血清中LBP的浓度（P〈0．05）。结论：蜡样芽孢杆菌微生态制剂可有效改善肝硬化患者肠道菌群失调，并可降低血清LBP浓度，可以作为肝硬化患者的辅助治疗措施。     

肝硬化并发微小肝癌DSA的诊断价值

目的探讨DSA对肝硬化并发微小肝癌(MHCC)的诊断价值。方法340例肝硬化患者,腹部增强CT及B超检查未见肝脏占位病变,在经肝动脉自体骨髓干细胞移植术前行肝动脉DSA,多角度投照,对造影发现的MHCC用微导管行肝段TACE治疗。结果DSA检查诊断MHCC20例。病灶均为单发,直径0.4～1.0cm,DSA表现为肝动脉造影早期至中期出现边缘较清楚的结节状染色,染色持续时间15s以上。病灶分布在左叶2例,右叶18例。AFP阳性4例,阴性16例。TACE治疗1次11例,2次7例,3次2例。栓塞后均见病灶内碘油聚集。1例TACE治疗1次后手术切除,病理证实为肝细胞癌。结论DSA对肝硬化并发MHCC的检出能力优于常规增强CT及B超检查。