学龄前儿童社会生活能力的影响因素研究

目的 了解学龄前儿童社会生活能力现状及影响因素。方法 采用自拟“儿童一般情况调查表”及“婴儿一初中生社会生活能力量表”进行问卷调查，采用x^2检验、logistic逐步回归分析对学龄前儿童社会生活能力影响因素进行分析。结果 多因素logistic逐渐回归分析显示：影响学龄前儿童社会生活能力发展的因素主要有儿童年龄大小、与小朋友相处好坏、母亲文化程度、父母对儿童的喜爱程度、父母听取孩子的意见情况、对孩子独立能力培养的态度等。结论 儿童年龄、母亲文化程度、教育方式对学龄前儿童社会生活能力的形成和发展起重要作用。     

Characteristics of Pubertal Growth in Japanese Children from the Standpoint of Skeletal Growth

Since the end of the 2nd World War, Japan has seen quite rapid socioeconomical development. With this development the physical size of Japanese children has increased, but the final size, especially the stature, is still shorter than that of Americans or Europeans. Bone maturation velocities were compared among Japanese and Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 (in 1986) and English TW2-subjects, using the TW2 method. Asian children and adolescents may have a different tempo of skeletal maturation during pubertal growth from that of English children and adolescents. This, probably genetic, difference in the tempo of skeletal maturation, especially that of RUS, between Japanese and English during pubertal growth may be one of the main causes of the final difference in the stature of the two groups.     

预防婴幼儿急腹症手术合并急性心衰的护理

目的 提高对心衰合并急性肺水肿的认识，加强针对性的护理，避免延误抢救治疗时间。方法 搜集2001年1月至2003年9月在我院婴幼儿急腹症手术婴幼儿急腹症手术前后出现的急性心衰并肺水肿共33例。通过对并发急性心衰合并肺水肿的婴幼儿进行的手术护理的病例分析；对患儿术前、术中和术后三个不同阶段的观察和护理。结果 经治疗后患儿急性心衰及肺水肿很快被控制。特别是早发现、早治疗的患儿。治愈29例，自动出院1例，死亡3例。结论 对婴幼儿急腹症手术加强心率、呼吸等体征的观察，及早作出急性心衰、肺水肿的诊断及处理，分秒必争，有效地防治心衰的发生，是抢救成功的重要措施之一。     

STUDIES ON NUTRITION AND PRECANCEROUS LESIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN THE ADOLESCENTS

This paper reports the prevalence of chronic esophagitis and nutritional status among 538 young persons aged 15 to 26 years from the high risk area for esophageal cancer. Of these subjects, 166 were from households with history of esophageal cancer and 372 were from households without history of esophageal cancer. The Incidences of chronic esophagltis among male and female adolescents were 37. 6% and 36% respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the low risk area (17%). The frequency of chronic esophagltis in the adolescents in the households with history of esophageal cancer was aiso higher than in those In the households without history of esophageal cancer. The deficiencies of vitamins, especially of riboflavin and ascorbate, are prevalent and severe among these adolescents. Ascorbate deficiency Is correlated with the severity of the chronic esophagltis. These results indicate that chronic esophagltis may be involved in the natural history of esophageal carclnogenesis. Nutrient defic     

Prevalence of giardiasis among primary school children

Summary This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in Northern Jordan. Stool specimens were collected from 1100 children of both sexes from urban and rural schools. A questionnaire covering relevant informations was completed for each child. Wet mount preparation, formaline-ether concentration technique, and trichrome stain were prepared for the recovery and identification of parasites. Giardia lamblia was observed in 396 (36%) of the stool specimens examined. The infection rates were higher in the younger age group where several of them had diarrhoea and reported variable symptoms. The infection rates declined with age and children were asymptomatic. Rates were higher in children from the rural areas, from low income families, and it was higher in boys than girls.
Contaminated drinking water is suspected to be the major potential source of infection. The importance of the asymptomatic cases and the epidemiological factors contributing to the transmission in these areas are discussed.     

Reduced levels of IgG subclasses and IgA in young children with asthma

Serum immunoglobulins including IgG subclasses were measured in 73 unselected children with asthma. The results showed that 22 (30%) had partial IgA and/or IgG₄ subclass deficiency. Clinical assessment showed that 21 children were infection-prone, and 52 were not. Further analysis showed that infection-prone children were significantly different from non-infection-prone children with regard to familial history of allergy (29% vs 60%, p = 0.015), elevated IgE (62% vs 33%, p = 0.021), IgA deficiency (38% vs 15%, p = 0.38) and IgG subclass deficiency (24% vs 4%, p = 0.018). These results suggest that there may be subgroups of children with asthma who are also immunodeficient.     

High proportion of type I fibres in thigh muscle of young dancers

A previous study showed that adult female dancers have a high percentage of type I fibres in vastus lateralis. similar to that of endurance-trained female runners ar female cross-country skiers. It is not known if dancers already at an early age are characterized by a high percentage of type I fibres or develop a high percentage of type I fibres as a consequence of dance training. Furthermore. the muscle fibre composition of male dancers has not previously been studied. Therefore the aim of the study was to analyse skeletal muscle fibre characteristics in 10-year-old and 20-year-old dancers of both sexes. Age-matched boys and girls whose physical activity was average for their age groups served as controls. Muscle biopsies for histochemical analysis were obtained from vastus lateralis using the percutaneous needle technique. The major finding of the present study was that the vastus lateralis of young dancers of both sexes had a higher percentage of type I fibres than that of controls. Moreover. the higher type I percentage was seen not only in 20 year aids. but also in 10 year aids. who had begun their dance training at a professional level only a few weeks earlier. No significant difference in this respect was found between female and male dancers. In conclusion. the muscle fibre type composition in young dancers of both sexes differs from that of the average individual of the same age and is characterized by a high percentage of type I fibres.     

7～12岁儿童铁缺乏及补充对身体做功能力的影响

以１１６０名７～１２岁儿童为研究对象，共筛查出ＩＤＡ儿童２６９人，贫血患病率为２３．１９％。抽取６０名ＩＤＡ儿童分为二组（补铁组、安慰剂组），另选３０名正常儿童为对照组。补铁前后测Ｈｂ、ＦＥＰ、ＰＷＣ１７０、ＲＰＷＣ１７０、ＶＯ２ｍａｘ及血乳酸浓度值。补铁前，ＩＤＡ儿童反映ＰＷＣ大小的各项指标值与正常儿童之间存在显著性差异；经三个月补铁后，补铁组以上各指标值恢复正常水平。结果提示：轻度ＩＤＡ对７～１２岁儿童ＰＷＣ有明显影响，并能通过铁剂治疗得以矫正。     

A treadmill test of sprint running

Anaerobic power is characterized by a high degree of specificity regarding both the recruited muscles as well as the recruitment pattern. The popular Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is a cycling test that does not satisfy the need for a running-specific anaerobic test. We describe such a test, using a novel type of a commercially available treadmill (BRL 1800, Gymrol, France). The ergometer is equipped with a torque motor to neutralize the frictional resistance of the treadmill belt, and a hip-belt harness connected to a horizontal rod. Force applied to the harness is monitored by a strain gauge mounted on the rod, while vertical movement is monitored by a potentiometer at the posterior fixed end of the rod. These, in conjunction with the treadmill belt speed, enable the computation of horizontal and vertical power as well as the combined total output. Power is calculated both as 'peak' power (highest 2.5 s segment) and 'mean' power (20 s duration). Preliminary results of young athletes were generally consistent with the expected age-related changes in anaerobic power. Values obtained on the anaerobic treadmill were always higher than the corresponding WAnT values previously obtained in comparable age groups. The higher values were probably due to the larger muscle mass involved and the shorter peak and mean power durations (2.5 and 20 s versus 5 and 30 s in the WAnT, respectively). This test should enable not only running-specific anaerobic power monitoring but also the characterization of the relationship between the horizontal and vertical components of that power.