以冻干骨为平台重建组织工程化关节软骨的研究

目的:探索在兔冻干异体骨关节平台上利用组织工程的方法再造人工关节软骨的可行性。方法:实验分成四组,运用组织工程方法将不同构成的同种异体兔软骨细胞-支架材料复合物种植于兔冻干异体骨关节平台上,植入实验兔体内,3月后取材观察体内成软骨情况。结果:仅种植兔软骨细胞的冻干骨关节支架上未见新生软骨形成。粘合有种植兔软骨细胞的PLGA膜片的冻干骨支架关节腔内见新生类软骨样物出现。自体软骨层孔洞缺损模型使用软骨细胞-PLGA膜片复合物可修复软骨缺损。结论:软骨细胞-PLGA膜片复合物实验动物关节内可形成软骨样物;但在冻干骨关节平台上尚不能形成有功能意义的关节软骨层。     

自体耳软骨移植79例鼻成形术的临床分析

目的探讨自体耳软骨移植鼻成形术的临床效果。方法针对外鼻短小，鼻尖低平、肥大钝圆。以及部分隆鼻术后效果不佳的国人，在隆鼻的同时切除鼻翼大软骨外侧脚的上外侧部，并水平褥式缝合，将鼻翼大软骨内侧脚缝合，以缩小鼻小柱宽度及延长鼻小柱；切取自体耳软骨，用以抬高及延长鼻尖。结果对本组79例求美者进行了3～18个月的随访，效果稳定，无并发症及继发畸形的发生。结论自体耳软骨移植鼻成形术其方法较好，效果明显，值得在临床上推广应用。     

股骨头骨骺缺血再灌流关节软骨诱导型一氧化氮合成酶及热休克蛋白70表达的免疫组化研究

目的:探讨发育期髋关节股骨头骨骺关节软骨缺血再灌流后的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)及热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达。方法:制作4周龄SD大鼠缺血再灌流及对照模型,每组各40只,于术后3、6、12、24、48h、5d、2、4周不同时点对股骨头骨骺关节软骨iNOS及HSP70进行免疫组织化学检测。结果:缺血再灌流组24、48h、5d、2周时点的关节软骨浅层、中层iNOS表达增强(P<0.05),缺血再灌流组24、48h、5d有关节软骨浅层、中层HSP70的增强表达(P<0.05)。结论:发育期髋关节缺血再灌流损害后存在关节软骨的iNOS损害机制及HSP70内源性细胞保护机制。     

The remucosalizing alar cartilage flap: a reconstructive option for repairing nasal septal perforations

The objective of this study is to assess the results of repairing septal perforations with a vascularized pedicled alar cartilage island flap. Using the external rhinoplasty approach, a vascularized flap of alar cartilage, harvested as a cephalic trim and pedicled on the ascending columellar branches of the superior labial artery was raised. Bilateral mucoperichondrial septal flaps were elevated and the alar flap was transposed and secured within the defect and bilaterally overlaid with temporalis fascia. Silastic sheets were placed and remained in situ until the grafts were revascularized from the peripheries of the defect as well as centrally from the alar flap. The revascularized temporalis fascia acted as a scaffold for nasal remucosalization. The alar flap also increased the long-term structural robustness of the repair. Between 1999 and 2003, 14 patients with septal perforations ranging from 10 to 31 mm underwent septal reconstruction using this technique. There were nine males and five females. The flap was successfully raised in all cases and long-term closure was maintained in 12 patients (86%). The alar cartilage flap is an effective technique for repairing septal perforations in selected patients. It provides vascularized tissue which nourishes the grafts during remucosalization, and a cartilaginous framework, which affords long-term structural support to the repair. It also obviates the need to transpose nasal mucosa and create a secondary defect. The rhinoplasty approach furthermore permits additional nasal deformities to be corrected at the same time. Presented at the British Association of Plastic Surgeons Summer Scientific Meeting, Sheffield, UK (12 July 2006).     

Autologous chondrocyte implantation drives early chondrogenesis and organized repair in extensive full‐ and partial‐thickness cartilage defects in an equine model

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used clinically for over 15 years and yet definitive evidence of chondrocyte persistence and direct impact on cartilage repair in full‐thickness lesions is scant and no data are available on ACI in partial‐thickness defects in any animal model. This study assessed the effect of chondrocytes secured using periosteal overlay in partial‐ and full‐thickness cartilage defects in the equine model. Paired cartilage defects 15 mm in diameter were made in the patellofemoral joint of 16 horse and repaired with ACI or periosteal flap alone. Response was assessed at 8 weeks by clinical, microradiographic, and histologic appearance, and by collagen type II immunohistochemistry, and proteoglycan and DNA quantification. ACI improved histologic scores in partial‐ and full‐thickness cartilage defects, including defect filling, attachment to the underlying subchondral bone, and presence of residual chondrocyte accumulations. For partial‐thickness defects chondrocyte predominance, collagen type II content, and toluidine stained matrix were enhanced, and attachment to the surrounding cartilage improved. DNA and PG content of grafted partial‐thickness defects was improved by chondrocyte implantation. Periosteal patches alone did not induce cartilage repair. This study indicated implantation of chondrocytes to cartilage defects improved healing with a combination of persisting chondrocyte regions, enhanced collagen type II formation, and better overall cartilage healing scores. Use of ACI in the more challenging partial‐thickness defects also improved histologic indices and biochemical content. The equine model of cartilage healing closely resembles cartilage repair in man, and results of this study confirm cell persistence and improved early cartilage healing events after ACI. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1121–1130, 2011     

应用细胞膜片复合硅胶管内支撑构建组织工程管状软骨

目的 研究利用羊耳软骨细胞形成细胞膜片,构建无细胞支架组织工程管状软骨的可行性.方法 体外培养扩增羊耳软骨细胞至第2代,以2.0×106 cells/mL的高密度,培养7d,形成直径为35 mm的圆形细胞膜片,将细胞膜片均匀包裹于硅胶管,植入裸鼠背部皮下,4周后取材检测.以大体观察、组织学、免疫组织化学等方法,对形成的软骨进行评价.结果 大体观察可见形成良好的管状软骨,HE染色见软骨陷窝形态规则,番红O染色及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化均呈阳性表达.结论 细胞膜片复合硅胶管内支撑的方法能形成管状软骨,为气管软骨的再造提供了新的方法.     

自体肋软骨和真皮组织治疗单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形

目的：探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的矫正技术。方法：用自体肋软骨重建强有力的鼻小柱支撑及合适的鼻尖高度,用自体真皮抬高患侧塌陷的鼻基底部,在此基础上将患侧鼻翼软骨悬吊到合适的位置,调整患侧鼻翼外侧脚的位置,最终形成良好的鼻部形态。结果：矫治16例,术后两侧鼻翼、鼻孔、鼻孔基底基本对称,鼻小柱位置中正,矫正效果满意。结论：在自体肋软骨形成强有力的鼻小柱支撑、自体真皮组织充填鼻基底部的基础上进行鼻翼软骨的悬吊及鼻尖、鼻孔塑形是矫正单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的一种有效方法。     

牙槽嵴裂植骨同期髂嵴软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的研究牙槽嵴裂植骨手术同时,利用自体髂嵴软骨修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的矫治方法。方法 11～14岁的单侧完全性唇裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者,髂骨松质行牙槽嵴裂处植骨,并将髂嵴软骨移植于鼻背和鼻小柱处,修复唇裂术后鼻畸形。结果 32例患者均Ⅰ期痊愈,患侧口鼻瘘、牙槽嵴裂、鼻翼基部凹陷、鼻小柱偏斜、鼻尖低平等畸形等均得到良好的矫正。结论自体髂嵴软骨移植修复对鼻翼塌陷有良好的支持作用,可以与牙槽嵴裂手术同期施行,可有效矫正唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

关节镜下治疗股骨髁撕脱性骨折

目的探讨关节镜下治疗膝关节后交叉韧带股骨髁起点处撕脱性骨折的效果。方法 21例交叉韧带股骨髁起点处撕脱性骨折患者在关节镜监控下,了解并处理半月板损伤,再进行骨折复位、空心可吸收螺钉内固定。结果 21例均获随访,时间12～18个月。完整随访12个月时按Lysholm标准评价膝关节功能:优19例,可2例。患者均获得满意疗效。结论关节镜治疗股骨髁撕脱性骨折创伤小,疗效好。     

髋臼后壁重建后关节软骨修复的实验研究

目的 研究髋臼后壁重建区臼面软骨修复的组织学特点,初步探讨软骨柱播种在其修复中的作用。方法 选取12只家犬共24髋,随机分为3组,均采用后壁截骨法建立髋臼后壁60°弧1/2缺损的动物模型,两侧髋臼后壁缺损区分别选用不同的重建方法：A组：解剖重建+软骨柱播种,B组：解剖重建,C组：普通重建。术后12周取材进行大体形态、光镜观察,参照Pineda标准对新生组织进行评分。结果 A组中以成熟、新生类透明软骨修复缺损,B组为类纤维软骨修复,C组为纤维肉芽组织或板层骨修复。A、B、C组关节软骨修复Pineda总评分平均分别为(5.1±0.1)、(6.5±0.2)、(12.3±0.2)分,差异有统计学意义(F=3.157,P=0.000),3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 解剖重建促使部分软骨柱集中在缺损区,其修复组织具备部分关节软骨的组织特性,能够较好地替代关节软骨。