通心络对颈动脉粥样硬化患者脑血流动力学的影响

目的　研究颈动脉粥样硬化伴脑供血不足患者 ,用通心络治疗前后血流动力学的变化。方法　给予 53例有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑供血不足的患者服用通心络胶囊 4粒 ,每日 3次 ,疗程为 4周。治疗前后采用经颅彩色多普勒 (transcranialdoppler,TCD)检测颅内各血管的血流变化 ,并与 30例老年健康体检者进行对照。结果　脑供血不足组各血管平均血流速度 (Vm)与健康对照组比较明显降低 (P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 ) ,且多数血管搏动指数 (PI)升高 (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗后脑供血不足组各血管的Vm较治疗前有显著性增高 (P <0 .0 5) ,且PI较治疗前有显著性降低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　通心络可改善颈动脉粥样硬化患者的脑供血 ,是治疗和预防脑供血不足的有效药物     

脂多糖和同型半胱氨酸对人脐静脉内皮细胞单核细胞趋化蛋白1 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨脂多糖和同型半胱氨酸是否诱导培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞表达单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1) mRNA及其机制.方法将生长至汇合的人脐静脉内皮细胞分为对照组、脂多糖组,脂多糖+SB203580组,同型半胱氨酸组,同型半胱氨酸+SB203580组,脂多糖+同型半胱氨酸组.采用斑点杂交和RT-PCR检测其MCP-1 mRNA的表达.用免疫细胞化学法检测对照组、脂多糖组和同型半胱氨酸组P38蛋白激酶蛋白的表达.结果培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞能表达较低水平的MCP-1 mRNA.斑点杂交和RT-PCR均显示各实验组的MCP-1 mRNA明显高于对照组.免疫细胞化学显示,P38蛋白激酶蛋白在对照组的细胞核阳性表达率为9.6%,当人脐静脉内皮细胞暴露于脂多糖或同型半胱氨酸后,细胞核阳性表达率升至46.7%或57.7%.结论脂多糖和同型半胱氨酸能诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达单核细胞趋化蛋白1 mRNA,P38蛋白激酶可能参与了该过程.     

3,6-(二甲氨基)-二苯骈碘杂六环葡萄糖酸盐对AGEP引起的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及牛主动脉内皮细胞内皮素和一氧化氮改变的影响

目的 :观察 3 ,6 (二甲氨基 ) 二苯骈碘杂六环葡萄糖酸盐对AGEP引起的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及牛主动脉内皮细胞内皮素和一氧化氮改变的影响。方法 :采用牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)与不同浓度葡萄糖 (0 ,2 0 ,5 0 ,80mmol·L-1)体外孵育制备糖基化终产物 (AGEP) ,应用 [3 H] TdR掺入法和MTT比色法观察I-93对重度糖化的AGEP诱导的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞 (ASMC)增殖的影响 ;应用放射免疫技术及Greiss法观察I -93对AGEP引起的牛主动脉内皮细胞 (BAEC)释放内皮素 1(ET 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)的影响。结果 :I-93 10 -7～ 10 -5mol·L-1能明显抑制AGEP引起的ASMC增殖 ,其 [3 H] TdR掺入量和MTT比色法的最大抑制率分别为79 .4%和 44 .2 %。随AGEP糖浓度的增加 (2 0～ 80mmol·L-1) ,BAEC培养液中ET 1含量亦逐渐上升 [(4 93± 63 )～ (779± 10 5 )ng·L-1] ,I -93 10 -7～ 10 -5mol·L-1能明显抑制重度糖化的AGEP促进ET 1释放的作用 ;I -93对AGEP灭活NO的作用有剂量依赖性抑制效应。结论 :I -93有抑制ASMC增殖的作用 ;对AGEP诱导的BAEC释放ET 1和NO间平衡失调有调节作用 ,在防治阻塞性血管疾病方面I -93具有潜在的应用价值     

三维时间飞跃法MR血管造影血液铸型诊断颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤的优势

目的　与多层面螺旋CT三维血管造影 (MS 3D CTA)和DSA比较 ,探讨三维时间飞跃法MR血管造影 (threedimensionaltimeofflightMRA ,3DTOFMRA)图像后处理血液铸型技术 (fly around)诊断颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤的优势和临床应用价值。方法　 18名疑诊颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤病人 ,男 4例 ,女 14例 ;年龄 17～ 76岁 ,平均 4 9 8岁 ;其中蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH) 14例、动眼神经麻痹 4例。所有病人均接受 3DTOFMRA和MS 3D CTA检查 ,17名接受DSA检查 ,确诊后均经手术治疗。 3DTOFMRA用Toshiba 1 5T超导型MR系统VISART的 3D TOF序列采集原始数据。其参数为 :TR 30ms,TE 6 8ms ,反转角 2 0° ,视野 (FOV) 17cm× 19cm ,矩阵 16 0× 2 5 6 ,采集层块厚度 5 0～ 6 0mm ,层厚 1 2mm ;原始图像后处理方法采用最大密度投影 (MIP)和血液铸型。MS 3D CTA用Toshiba多层螺旋CT Aquilion采集原始数据。其参数为 :扫描速度 0 5s/r,层厚 1 0mm ,螺距 3 5 ;用高压注射器静脉注射非离子型对比剂 ,注射剂量 2 0ml/kg体重 ,注射流率 4 0～ 5 0ml/s ,延迟时间 15～ 18s ;原始图像后处理方法同 3DTOFMRA。图像后处理工作站均用SGIO2 ,后处理软件为Alatoview ,版本 1 4 2。DSA用SiemensMulti StartOT经股动脉插管行常规脑动脉四血管造影     

Quantification of atherosclerotic plaque components using in vivo MRI and supervised classifiers.

In this work we aimed to study the possibility of using supervised classifiers to quantify the main components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in vivo on the basis of multisequence MRI data. MRI data consisting of five MR weightings were obtained from 25 symptomatic subjects. Histological micrographs of endarterectomy specimens from the 25 carotids were used as a standard of reference for training and evaluation. The set of subjects was divided in a training set (12 subjects) and an evaluation set (13 subjects). Four different classifiers and two human MRI readers determined the percentages of calcified tissue, fibrous tissue, lipid core, and intraplaque hemorrhage on the subject level for all subjects in the evaluation set. Quantification of the relatively small amounts of calcium could not be done with statistical significance by either the classifiers or the MRI readers. For the other tissues a simple Bayesian classifier (Bayes) performed better than the other classifiers and the MRI readers. All classifiers performed better than the MRI readers in quantifying the sum of hemorrhage and lipid proportions. The MRI readers overestimated the hemorrhage proportions and tended to underestimate the lipid proportions. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates the benefits of algorithmic classifiers for quantifying plaque components.     

Bilateral aberrant cervical internal carotid arteries

Summary A patient with symptomatic bilateral aberrant cervical internal carotid arteries, demonstrated on CT and MRI, is described.     

Lack of correlation between coronary artery calcium and myocardial perfusion imaging

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) provides evidence of coronary atherosclerosis and has significant prognostic power. Although prior studies have documented a relationship between CAC and hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis, the results have not been conclusive. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 126 consecutive patients who underwent electron beam computed tomography CAC scoring by use of the Agatston method and stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) within 3 months of each other. The analysis revealed no correlation between absolute CAC score and age- and gender-adjusted CAC scores with MPI. Overall, 18% of patients had abnormal MPI results irrespective of their CAC. CONCLUSION: CAC scoring and stress MPI should be thus considered complementary approaches rather than exclusionary in the evaluation of the patient at risk for coronary artery disease.     

血管重塑对大鼠血管成形术后再狭窄的影响

目的：建立大鼠颈动脉再狭窄模型，原位灌注固定取材。评价PTA后血管重塑（VR）的动态变化规律，定量分析血管重塑在血管再狭窄过程中的变化及作用。方法：制作70只SD雄性大鼠颈总动脉再狭窄模型，分原位灌注实验组、对照组，于术后1h、3、7、14、28和42天原位灌注固定取材，行HE染色、Masson染色，观察标本血管狭窄情况。结果：①血管重塑指数（VRI）在PTA后即刻最大，3天组明显降低，7天组稍有增大，其后不断减小，剩余血管腔面积百分比同VRI的变化曲线基本一致。②FFA后，血管腔面积总体呈逐渐缩小趋势，内弹力板围绕面积（IELA）1h组较对照组明显增大，3天组较1h组明显缩小，14、28、42天组较对照组明显缩小。外弹力板围绕面积（EELA）逐渐缩小。EELA、IELA的变化与血管腔面积变化呈正相关。③VRI与血管腔面积的变化呈正相关，新生内膜面积与剩余狭窄率、血管腔面积无直线相关。结论：再狭窄过程中存在扩张性重塑和收缩性重塑现象，管腔的狭窄与否取决于血管重塑指数的变化，而不是新生内膜的变化，新生内膜的形成是血管重塑过程中的一部分。IELA和EELA可作为判断管腔狭窄及评价血管重塑的指标。     

Carotid Stent-Supported Angioplasty via Radiobrachial Route

Endovascular stent-supported angioplasty is a treatment option for atherosclerotic disease of the cervical internal carotid artery in high-risk patients. The traditional transfemoral approach is not suitable for patients who suffer from common femoral artery or abdominal aorta atheropathy. We report a case of carotid stent deployment using the radial route in a 68-year-old man with type B aortic dissection, having severe right internal carotid artery origin stenosis, presenting with ipsilateral retinal ischemic events. Technical aspects of carotid stenting via the radial approach are described and the related literature is discussed.