二氮嗪对缺血再灌注致大鼠心肌细胞坏死和凋亡的影响

目的研究二氮嗪对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护效果。方法健康SD大鼠随机分为两组，实验组静脉注射二氮嗪12.5mg／kg进行预处理，对照组静脉注射相应量溶媒，10min后每组大鼠均行左侧开胸，结扎左前降支，造成局部心肌缺血2h，恢复再灌注2h后取心脏，测量心肌梗死面积大小及采用TUNEL法原位标记缺血区凋亡心肌细胞。结果与对照组相比，二氮嗪预处理组心肌梗死面积显著减小（P〈0．05），心肌细胞凋亡发生率明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论二氮嗪对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用，能减少心肌细胞坏死和凋亡。     

人参皂甙抗离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的探讨人参皂甙(GS)预处理给药及治疗性给药对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用的异同。方法采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型，分对照组(Con)、GS预处理组(GSp)、GS治疗组(Gst)。以Maclab／4S生理实验系统记录大鼠左心功能指标，包括左心室舒张压(INEDP)、左心室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压上升最大速率( dp/dtmax)、左心室内压下降最大速率(-dp/dtmax)和心率(HR)的波型和数值；用TIC染色法测定再灌注末左心室心肌梗死面积。结果与对照组相比，GSp组和GSt组均显著提高心功能指数，减少心肌梗死面积：GSp组与GSt组间无差异。结论GS预处理给药及治疗性给药对心肌缺血再灌注损伤均有明显的保护作用，二者心肌保护作用无显著差异。     

缺血预处理限制线粒体钙超载保护再灌注大鼠心肌

目的研究缺血预处理(IP)对缺血大鼠心肌的保护作用。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(CON组)、缺血预处理组(IP组)、5-羟葵酸拮抗IP组(5HD+IP组),每组8只。建立Langendorff灌注模型,平衡灌注20min,全心缺血40 min,再灌注30 min,观察比较各组血流动力学变化;再灌注末取心肌并制备线粒体,电镜观察比较形态学改变;分离、测定线粒体游离钙浓度。结果IP组与对照组相比,能明显改善缺血再灌注大鼠心脏收缩功能,左室发展压(LVDP)有显著差异(P<0.01);缺血末、再灌注末线粒体游离钙浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.01);IP组明显改善心肌、线粒体显微结构。5HD+IP组与IP组比较,再灌注各时间点大鼠心脏收缩功能指标LVDP有显著性差异(P<0.01),缺血末、再灌注末线粒体游离钙浓度显著高于IP组(P<0.01);5HD+IP组心肌细胞、线粒体形态的保存明显比IP组差。结论①IP能改善缺血再灌注大鼠心肌的收缩功能,减少线粒体钙超载,保护心肌细胞和线粒体形态和结构的完整,产生心肌保护作用;②选择性线粒体钾通道拮抗剂5-羟葵酸能翻转缺血预处理的心肌保护作用;③缺血预处理的心肌保护机制可能是通过激活线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道,限制心肌线粒体钙超载,维护线粒体整体形态和功能的完整,产生心肌保护作用。     

Cardioprotective effects of mitochondrial KATP channels activated at different time

Backgroud Recent studies in adult hearts have indicated that KATP channels in the inner mitochondrial membrance are responsible for the protection. And we investigated whether opening of mitochondrial KATP channels (mKATP) could provide myocardial protection for immature rabbits and determined its role in cardioprotection.Methods Thirty-four 3-4-week-old rabbits, weighing 300-350 g, were divided randomly into five groups: Group Ⅰ (control group, n=8); Group Ⅱ ［diazoxide preconditioning group; n=8; the hearts were pretreated with 100 μmol/L diazoxide for 5 minutes followed by 10-minute wash out with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB)］; Group Ⅲ ［diazoxide+5-hydroxydeconate (5-HD) preconditioning group; n=5; the hearts were pretreated with 100 μmol/L diazoxide and 100 μmol/L 5-HD); Group Ⅳ (diazoxide+cardioplegia group; n=8; cardioplegia containing 100 μmol/L diazoxide perfused the hearts for 5 minutes before ischemia); Group Ⅴ (diazoxide+5-HD+cardioplegia group; n=5; the cardioplegia contained 100 μmol/L diazoxide and 100 μmol/L 5-HD). All hearts were excised and connected to langendrff perfusion system and passively perfused with KHB at 38℃ under a pressure of 70 cmH2O. After reperfusion, the recovery rate of left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), ±dp/dtmax, coronary flow (CF), the creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in coronary sinus venous effluent and the tissue ATP were measured. Mitochondria were evaluated semiquantitatively by morphology.Results After ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), the two groups that were treated by diazoxide only (Groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ) had a significant improvement in LVDP, ±dp/dtmax, and CF recovery. AST, LDH, and CK were decreased, and the levels of tissue ATP in the two groups were higher. Mitochondria was protected better in Group Ⅳ than in other groups. Conclusions Activating mKATP channels before and during ischemia can similarly protect immature rabbit hearts, and the mechanism is related to the direct protective effect on mitochondria. Opening of mKATP channel during ischemia provides a better protection for mitochondria than it does before ischemia.     

热休克蛋白70对兔未成熟心肌和心肌间质的影响

目的: 探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对未成熟心肌和心肌间质的影响. 方法:健康新生长耳大白兔12只随机分为2组. 对照组(C组):ip生理盐水0.4 mL,24 h后取离体心脏,常规建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注15 min转为工作心15 min后停灌45 min,恢复灌注15 min改为工作心30 min;实验组(E组):ip去甲肾上腺素, 24 h后取离体心脏,方法同对照组. 测定心肌细胞中HSP70含量、血流动力学指标、心肌含水量(MWC)、心肌肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、心肌组织羟脯氨酸(HP)含量、内皮素(ET) 含量、心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性及其Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力[ATP]m,心肌超微结构. 结果:E组HSP70含量明显高于C组(P<0.01);MWC低于C组(P<0.05);ATP含量、SOD活性、心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性、[ATP]m, HP含量优于C组(P<0.01),MDA含量、CK, LDH漏出率、心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 含量、ET含量低于C组(P<0.01),心肌超微结构损伤较C组明显减轻. 结论:HSP70对缺血再灌注未成熟心肌和心肌间质具有明显的保护作用.     

肾脏缺血预处理对麻醉家兔心脏保护的神经机制(英文)

目的　探讨肾神经在肾脏缺血预处理 (RIP)心肌保护中的作用。方法　在麻醉家兔心肌缺血 /再灌注 (MIR)模型上 ,观察MIR和RIP对家兔血流动力学、心肌耗氧量、心外膜电图和心肌梗死范围的影响。结果　在MIR过程中 ,血流动力学指标和心肌耗氧量均明显持续性降低 ;心外膜电图ST段在缺血期明显升高 ,再灌注过程中恢复到基础对照值。单纯MIR时的心肌梗塞范围占缺血心肌的 (55.80± 1.2 5) % ,RIP后心肌梗塞范围为 (3 6.51± 2 .8) % ,较单纯MIR显著减少 (P <0 .0 1)。肾神经切断后对MIR所致的心肌梗死范围无明显影响 ,但可取消RIP对心肌的保护效应。结论　RIP具有心肌保护作用 ,肾短暂缺血 -再灌注所诱发的肾神经传入活动可能参与此心肌保护效应     

Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist resiquimod induces late preconditioning in neonatal cardiac myocytes

Aim:

To investigate whether R-848 (resiquimod, toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist) can induce late preconditioning in neonatal cardiac myocytes.

Methods:

The protective effects of R-848 on neonatal myocytes against anoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury were tested, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. The protein synthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide (CH) and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used in this model to test if new protein synthesis and oxidative stress were necessary for their cardioprotective effects. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed by immunoblotting. After iNOS was down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, the cardioprotective effect was reassessed.

Results:

ROS were triggered soon after R-848 (0.01–1.0 μg/L) administration, however, the cardioprotective effect of which was induced 24 h later. This protection was abolished by CH or NAC pretreatment. NFκB and HIF1 activation and iNOS up-regulation were involved in this protective mechanism. The cardioprotective effect was also attenuated after iNOS was knocked down.

Conclusion:

R-848 provided a cardioprotective effect through a late preconditioning mechanism via a ROS/NFκB-HIF1/iNOS-dependent pathway.     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗病人的心脏保护作用

目的:探讨术前给予常规剂量的阿托伐他汀和曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)病人围手术期心肌损伤的影响。方法:将323例欲行PCI的急性冠状动脉综合征病人随机分为对照组(162例)和试验组(161例)。对照组给予常规剂量阿托伐他汀钙片(20 mg/次,1次/晚),试验组给予常规剂量阿托伐他汀钙片加服盐酸曲美他嗪(20 mg/次,tid),治疗3 d;随后分别行PCI。测定PCI术前及术后24 h的血清肌酸激酶-MB同工酶(CK-MB)、心脏肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,随访PCI后4周时病人的左室射血分数。结果:试验组病人PCI术后24 h的cTnI水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),MPO活性升高值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组病人在术后24 h的CK-MB活性和hs-CRP水平变化无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:术前3 d给予常规剂量的阿托伐他汀和曲美他嗪联合治疗,对PCI围手术期病人的心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

钙离子、蛋白激酶C与大鼠心肌预适应相关性研究

目的 :观察钙离子、蛋白激酶C在大鼠心肌预适应保护机制中的作用。方法 :64只雄性SD大鼠随机分为 8组 ,A组正常灌流 2 0min缺血 40min再灌 3 0min(I/R) ;B组短暂缺血复灌 +I/R ;C组短暂缺血复灌 +L- 型钙通道阻滞剂 +I/R ;D组短暂缺血复灌 +PKC阻滞剂 +I/R ;E组钙通道激动剂 +I/R ;F组钙通道激动剂 +PKC阻滞剂 +I/R ;G组L- 型钙通道阻滞剂 +I/R ;H组PKC阻滞剂 +I/R。结果 :实验中观察到B、E组与A、E、C组相比 ,各项指标均提示心肌保护作用较好。结论 :短暂钙离子内流增加通过蛋白激酶C诱导出心肌内源性保护作用。     

去壁灵芝孢子粉片的含量测定与免疫调节及心脏保护功能研究

目的 研究并评价“仙芝3号”去壁灵芝孢子粉片的免疫调节和心脏保护作用。方法 首先运用UPLC-Q-TOFMS和比色法分析“仙芝3号”去壁灵芝孢子粉片的主要化学成分,考察其对斑马鱼巨噬细胞减少症模型、斑马鱼心衰模型、H2O2诱导的心肌及内皮细胞氧化应激模型、脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞炎症模型的影响,通过巨噬细胞形成能力、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、抗神经炎症能力、心脏收缩舒张改善能力、抗心肌及内皮细胞氧化应激损伤能力等多个指标评估其免疫调节及心脏保护作用。结果 “仙芝3号”去壁灵芝孢子粉片可以提高巨噬细胞形成及吞噬能力,改善心脏收缩舒张功能,减少神经炎症并缓解心肌及内皮细胞因氧化应激而造成的损伤,从而起到免疫调节和心脏保护作用。结论 “仙芝3号”去壁灵芝孢子粉片有望用于免疫功能调节及心脏功能保护。