维生素B12联合多西环素治疗神经型布氏杆菌病的疗效观察

目的：观察维生素B12联合多西环素治疗神经型布氏杆菌病的临床疗效。方法：选取本院门诊及住院患者65例,将其随机分为治疗组35例和对照组30例。治疗组采用维生素B12联合多西环素治疗,对照组单用多西环素治疗,疗程为6周。观察比较两组患者治疗后临床症状、体征好转情况、临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果：经过6周的治疗,两组治疗后均好转,在发热和头痛的治疗上差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而治疗组在乏力、骨关节痛、脑膜刺激征、手足麻木、面瘫等方面与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组的总有效率94.3%明显高于对照组的66.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组不良反应情况无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：维生素B12联合多西环素治疗神经型布氏杆菌病是一种有效的治疗方法,值得在临床上推广。     

Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries

To measure the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in Bilbeis District, Egypt, we conducted a household survey to determine patterns of health seeking among persons with fever. Then we established surveillance for 4 months among a representative sample of health providers who saw febrile patients. Health providers collected epidemiologic information and blood (for culture and serologic testing) from eligible patients. After adjusting for the provider sampling scheme, test sensitivity, and seasonality, we estimated that the incidence of typhoid fever was 13/100,000 persons per year, and the incidence of brucellosis was 18/100,000 persons per year in the district. This surveillance tool could have wide applications for surveillance for febrile illness in developing countries.     

一起宰杀流浪羊所致布鲁菌感染暴发的报告

目的了解布鲁菌感染暴发的流行病学及临床特征,为布鲁菌病的及时诊治和防控提供依据。方法回顾性分析某院2015年12月—2016年4月期间收治的8例布鲁菌病患者的流行病学史、临床症状体征、辅助检查、治疗疗效指标。结果 8例患者均接触了同一只流浪羊并参与宰杀;患者均为男性,平均年龄50岁;均有多汗、乏力等症状,7例出现发热,6例出现腰痛,3例出现四肢肌肉酸痛,2例有咳嗽。8例患者血液中均培养出布鲁菌,特异性抗体滴度1∶200到1∶1 600不等。经利福平联合左氧氟沙星治疗,疗程6周后均康复,观察6个月后未再复发。结论布鲁菌病临床表现不典型,需仔细询问流行病学史,结合病原学加以早诊断、早治疗。     

乌兰察布市人间布病血清学筛查报告及防治对策

目的通过大范围对布病高危人群主动筛查,做到人间布病早发现、早诊断、早报告、早治疗,防止布病慢性化。方法对网报有人间布病病例的自然村和畜间有阳性畜的自然村,开展全人口布病血清学普遍筛查。结果布病患病率(2915/150289)1939.60/10万;布病发病率(1012/150289)673.37/10万。结论通过大范围主动筛查,使布病患者得到及时规范免费治疗,防止了布病慢性化。     

2011年包头市人间布鲁杆菌病监测结果分析

目的分析包头市人间布鲁杆菌病的疫情现状,为布鲁杆菌病的科学防治提供理论依据。方法选择包头市青山区、达茂旗、固阳县等9个旗县区作为监测地区,每个监测旗县选择9个以上的监测点,选择与家畜密切接触的重点人群,采用虎红凝集试验（RBPT）和试管凝集试验（SAT）对重点人群进行人间布病病情调查。结果 9个旗县共计监测14 582人,检出阳性711人,感染率为4.88%（711/14 582）,新发病例数为529人,发病率为3.63%（529/14 582）,患病病例数为687人,患病率为4.71%（687/14 582）。结论继续做好重点人群的监测工作,加大布病防治知识的宣传力度,做好人员培训,切实做好牲畜检疫、淘汰和免疫接种等工作,有效控制布病疫情。     

Transmission of Brucellosis from Elk to Cattle and Bison,Greater Yellowstone Area,USA, 2002–2012

Bovine brucellosis has been nearly eliminated from livestock in the United States. Bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain reservoirs for the disease. During 1990–2002, no known cases occurred in Greater Yellowstone Area livestock. Since then, 17 transmission events from wildlife to livestock have been investigated.     

Passive antibody administration (immediate immunity) as a specific defense against biological weapons

The potential threat of biological warfare with a specific agent is proportional to the susceptibility of the population to that agent. Preventing disease after exposure to a biological agent is partially a function of the immunity of the exposed individual. The only available countermeasure that can provide immediate immunity against a biological agent is passive antibody. Unlike vaccines, which require time to induce protective immunity and depend on the host's ability to mount an immune response, passive antibody can theoretically confer protection regardless of the immune status of the host. Passive antibody therapy has substantial advantages over antimicrobial agents and other measures for postexposure prophylaxis, including low toxicity and high specific activity. Specific antibodies are active against the major agents of bioterrorism, including anthrax, smallpox, botulinum toxin, tularemia, and plague. This article proposes a biological defense initiative based on developing, producing, and stockpiling specific antibody reagents that can be used to protect the population against biological warfare threats.     

Human benefits of animal interventions for zoonosis control

Although industrialized countries have been able to contain recent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, many resource-limited and transitioning countries have not been able to react adequately. The key for controlling zoonoses such as rabies, echinococcosis, and brucellosis is to focus on the animal reservoir. In this respect, ministries of health question whether the public health sector really benefits from interventions for livestock. Cross-sectoral assessments of interventions such as mass vaccination for brucellosis in Mongolia or vaccination of dogs for rabies in Chad consider human and animal health sectors from a societal economic perspective. Combining the total societal benefits, the intervention in the animal sector saves money and provides the economic argument, which opens new approaches for the control of zoonoses in resource-limited countries through contributions from multiple sectors.