原发性肝癌破裂出血的临床分析(附76例报告)

目的探讨原发性肝癌破裂出血的诊疗。方法回顾性分析1990-2004年我院76例资料完整的原发性肝癌破裂出血患者的诊断和治疗。结果76例患者均有急性上腹部疼痛和急性腹膜炎表现，影像学检查和腹腔穿刺均阳性。76例中非手术治疗34例，占44．7％，12例死亡（占非手术治疗的35．3％）；手术治疗42例，占54．3％。6例死亡（占手术治疗的14．3％）。结论病史、影像学检查和腹腔穿刺在原发性肝癌破裂出血的诊断中起重要作用。治疗根据患者的具体情况而采取保守治疗或缝扎止血、手术肝切除、肝动脉结扎等手术治疗方法。     

育龄期功血患者子宫内膜中雌二醇和孕酮水平及其受体表达的变化

目的探讨育龄期功血患者子宫内膜中雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）水平及其受体表达的变化。方法回顾性分析60例育龄期功能失调性子宫出血（功血组）患者临床资料,并选择30例健康体检育龄妇女为对照组,比较两组子宫内膜组织中雌激素、孕激素以及相关受体的差异。结果功血组子宫内膜E2水平显著升高,P水平显著下降（P〈0．05）。血清E2和子宫内膜E2水平呈正相关,r=0．684,P〈0．01,血清P与子宫内膜P呈正相关,r=0．584,P〈0．01。功血组雌二醇受体（ER）、孕酮受体（PR）和凋亡指数均显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论育龄期功血患者子宫内膜组织中雌激素水平升高、孕激素水平下降,其相应的受体表达升高。     

Effects of acute kidney injury on clinical outcomes in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Aim Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a very frequently encountered condition that has a high morbidity and which increases treatment costs. Duration of hospital stay and mortality increases in patients with UGIB complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to reveal risk factors in patients with UGIB developing AKI and to compare clinical outcomes and hospital costs between patients with UGIB developing AKI and those with UGIB not developing AKI.

Material and methods This retrospective study included 245 patients admitted to the emergency unit and the intensive care unit for internal diseases at Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Turkey. Results The difference in mortality rates between the patients with AKI and those without AKI was significant (p?0.001). The mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 0.2?±?1.1 days in the patients without AKI (n?=?143) and 2.5?±?5.6 days in the patients with AKI. It was significantly higher in the patients with AKI (p?0.001). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the patients with AKI than those without AKI, and as severity of AKI increased, hospital stay became considerably longer (p?0.001). Hospital costs were significantly higher in the patients with AKI than those without AKI, and as severity of AKI increased, hospital costs considerably rose (p?0.001). Conclusion AKI is a condition that lengthens hospital stay, increases hospital costs and creates a burden on health care systems. Detect kidney injury earlier and administering an appropriate treatment can improve clinical outcomes in patients with UGIB developing AKI.     

经肱动脉路径冠状动脉介入治疗患者组合式压迫止血器应用效果观察

目的 探讨组合式压迫止血器在经肱动脉路径行冠脉动脉介入治疗压迫止血的效果。方法 将经肱动脉路径行冠状动脉介入治疗患者60例分成两组各30例。对照组采用3M弹力绷带加压包扎的常规止血方法,观察组采用组合式压迫止血器压迫止血。比较两组压迫止血即刻,术后2 h、4 h、6 h出血发生率、局部肿胀程度及疼痛评分;压迫24 h局部压力性损伤发生率。结果 观察组不同时段局部肿胀程度及疼痛评分显著低于对照组,总出血发生率和压力性损伤发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 组合式肱动脉止血器应用于经肱动脉路径行冠状动脉介入治疗压迫止血效果良好,操作安全且能减轻患者疼痛,预防压力性损伤发生。     

Embolization for gastrointestinal hemorrhages

Retrospective evaluation of interventional embolization therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage over a long-term observation period from 1989 to 1997. Included in the study were 35 patients (age range 18–89 years) with gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) referred for radiological intervention either primarily or following unsuccessful endoscopy or surgery. Sources of GI bleeding included gastric and duodenal ulcers (n = 7), diverticula (n = 3), erosion of the intestinal wall secondary to malignancy (n = 6), vascular malformations (n = 4), and hemorrhoids (n = 2), as well as from postoperative (n = 6), posttraumatic (n = 2), postinflammatory (n = 4) or unknown (n = 1) causes. Ethibloc (12 cases) or metal coils (14 cases) were predominantly used as embolisates. In addition, combinations of tissue adhesive and gelfoam particles and of coils and Ethibloc were used (six cases). Finally, polyvinyl alcohol particles, a coated stent, and an arterial wire dissection were utilized in one case each. Bleeding was stopped completely in 29 of 35 cases (83 %). In one case (3 %) the source of bleeding was recognized but the corresponding vessel could not be catheterized. In five other cases (14 %) there was partial success with reduced, though still persistent, bleeding. The rate of complications was 14 %, including four instances of intestinal ischemia with fatal outcome in the first years, and, later, one partial infarction of the spleen without serious consequences. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be controlled in a high percentage of patients, including the seriously ill and those who had previously undergone surgery, with the use of minimally invasive interventional techniques. The availability of minicoils instead of fluid embolization agents has reduced the risk of serious complications. Received: 21 June 1999; Revised: 24 August 1999; Accepted: 28 September 1999     

The utility of capsule endoscopy and its role for diagnosing pathology in the gastrointestinal tract

BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a new device that enables visualization of areas of the small bowel that were previously inaccessible through other noninvasive procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this new diagnostic tool and its efficacy in finding occult GI tract pathology. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review was completed on patients undergoing CE from January 2002 to September 2004. Data evaluated included indications for CE, results of previous studies, CE findings, and complications of the CE study. RESULTS: A total of 702 CE studies in 652 patients were performed during the study period. Suspicious GI bleeding presenting as anemia, guaiac positive stools, or history of gross bleeding were the most common reasons to perform CE (75.8%). Other indications included abdominal pain (11.5%), diarrhea (3.1%), or others (9.5%). In studies performed for GI bleeding (N = 532), a source was found in 49.3% of CE studies. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was the most common reported finding (43.9%), followed by ulcer (24.1%), colon or gastric pathology (14.1%), mass/tumor (9.1%), and stricture (6.9%). Patients with abdominal pain (n = 81) had findings 46.9% of the time including edema/ulcer (47.4%), stricture (10.5%), mass/tumor (26.3%), gastric pathology (10.5%), AVM (2.6%), or sprue (2.6%). Patients with diarrhea (n = 22) had findings 45.5% of the time including edema/ulcer (75%), mass/tumor (12.5%), or sprue (12.5%). A total of 66 patients underwent operative exploration after a CE study at this institution either because of the observed findings or for other reasons. There were 12 (1.7%) CE studies in which the capsule was retained and required surgical removal. Pathology at the retention site included benign strictures or adhesions (n = 9, 75%), Crohn's stricture (n = 1, 8.3%) carcinoid tumor (n = 1, 8.3%), and villous adenoma (n = 1, 8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: CE is an accurate study to locate abnormalities in the GI tract that may have either been missed by previous diagnostic studies or cannot be observed through other non-invasive means. When used for diagnostic challenges such as GI bleeding with no apparent source, CE can be helpful in guiding surgical decisions in patients and thus should be integrated as part of the diagnostic workup.     

Idiopathic Omental Bleeding: Report of a Case

We report a case of idiopathic omental bleeding in a 27-year-old man who was brought to our hospital after the sudden development of intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and fainting. Computed tomography showed intra-abdominal fluid and emergency laparotomy revealed a hemorrhagic mass in the omental bursa, which was excised. The patient was successfully treated and a diagnosis of idiopathic omental bleeding was made.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术前停用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林时机

目的 通过分析不同时间停用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林对非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)围手术期出血和输血的影响,探讨停药的最佳时机.方法 146例接受OPCAB手术的病人被分为3组:停用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林大于5d组(第1组);3～5 d组(第2组);小于3d组(第3组).应用统计学方法比较各组术后心包纵隔引流量、血制品用量和二次开胸手术止血发生率.结果 第2组比第1组术后引流平均增多约100ml,输注红细胞未见明显增多.第3组比第2组引流平均增多约590ml,输注红细胞明显增多.各组二次开胸手术止血的发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 氯吡格雷和阿司匹林可以在OPCAB术前3～5 d停用.     

The Delorme repair for full-thickness rectal prolapse: a retrospective review

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess our colorectal surgical training program experience with the Delorme procedure for complete rectal prolapse.

Methods

Consecutive patients were identified from a surgical database and evaluated by chart review.

Results

Seventy-six patients with a mean follow-up period of 3.6 years were included. Outcomes included a recurrence rate of 14.5%, an overall complication rate of 25%, and a surgical site-specific complication rate of 8%. For patients younger than 50 years old (mean age, 36 y; range, 19-49 y), the recurrence rate was 8% with a mean follow-up period of 4.1 years. Their total complication rate was 15%, with no surgery site-specific complications.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with previously published experiences in that most preoperative evacuatory symptoms resolve with repair of the prolapse, and serious complications are uncommon. The observation that recurrence and complication rates may be lower in younger medically fit patients suggests the Delorme repair need not be restricted specifically to older, medically unfit patients.     

Early antithrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in neurosurgery

Summary> ¶Background. Despite the high risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in neuro-surgical patients, heparin prophylaxis has not been routinely established due to concern about bleeding complications. After initiating early low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis, we reviewed our patients in order to examine the viability of this practice. Method. Over a 3 year period, the records of patients admitted for elective neuro-surgery (ES), head injury (HI) or spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) were analysed. Prophylaxis was performed with certoparin (3000 U anti-factor Xa s.c.) on the evening before ES and within 24 hours after surgery or admission whenever a CT did not show a progress-sive haematoma. Contraindications for LMWH were prothrombin time <70%, partial thrombo-plastin time >40s, platelet count <100.000/ml, and platelet aggregation test sum <60%. The incidence of bleeding complications, VTE, and resulting morbidity/mortality was assessed. Findings. 294 patients were admitted for ES, 344 for HI, and 302 for ICH. 155 of these were excluded because of contraindications. Intracranial bleeding was recorded in 1.5% (ES 1.1%, HI 3.5%, ICH 0%) and operative revision was performed in 1.1% (ES 0.7%, HI 2.8%) of patients. One case of moderate disability and no mortality occurred. The incidence of VTE and pulmonary embolism was documented in 0.2% and 0.1% of patients, with no associated mortality. No heparin induced thrombocytopenia was observed. Interpretation. In neurosurgical patients, antithrombotic prophylaxis with certoparin was determined to be safe and efficacious when contraindications are carefully considered and a 12-hour time interval before and after surgery was guaranteed. This retrospective analysis should encourage a prospective trial of early LMWH prophylaxis.