Comparative morphological study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTC) in reeves’ muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi)

The lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTC) from Reeves’ muntjac deers (herbivorous artiodactyla) were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy and then compared to those of other mammalian species. At the posterior portion of the tongue, the Reeves’ muntjac has a lingual prominence on which large conical papillae are distributed. On the dorsal surface of the anterior tongue, numerous filiform papillae were found. Externally, each filiform papilla consists of a rod-shaped main process and several small accessory processes. Their CTCs consist of 10 or more rod-shaped processes arranged in a horseshoe pattern and several posterior processes forming a small circular pattern. This structure is a common characteristic of artiodactyla, through which Reeves’ muntjac deer can be categorized in a position in the artiodactyla class lying between the bighorn sheep and the East African bongo. Fungiform papillae are distributed among the filiform papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue. Large fungiform papillae are also sparsely distributed on the lingual prominence and have several taste buds in the epithelium on the surface. Ten or more vallate papillae are distributed at the postero-lateral area of the lingual prominence and numerous taste buds are distributed in the epithelium of their side.     

Biolistic nuclear transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi

Summary The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been engineered to synthesize and secrete desulfato-hirudin (hirudin), a thrombin inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. The synthetic gene coding for hirudin was expressed constitutively under the control of four size-variants of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (GAP) and cloned into a 2 based multicopy yeast vector. The constitutive action of the four promoter variants was confirmed by demonstrating that the expression and secretion of hirudin is growth-related. The different efficiencies of the promoter variants not only affected hirudin expression but also led to changes in several cellular parameters, such as cell growth, average plasmid copy number and plasmid stability. The observed changes show that yeast cells establish a specific equilibrium for each promoter variant. We conclude, that the adjustment of cellular parameters in response to the expression levels of a heterologous protein is regulated by two counteracting selective forces: (1) the need for complementation of the auxotrophic host marker by the plasmid-encoded selection gene which, in the case of dLEU2, requires several plasmid copies; and (2) a selective advantage of cells with a lower copy number enabling them to escape the burden of heterologous protein production.     

Ultrastructural study of the ciliated cells from renal tubular epithelium in acute progressive glomerulonephritis

Light microscopic examination of the renal tubular epithelium of a female with a rapid progressive glomerulonephritis revealed in several areas the presence of cells bearing ciliumlike structures.

At transmission electron microscopy, normal tubular cells appeared to be partially replaced by epithelial cells showing numerous 9×2 cilia and a normally developed basal apparatus. The cilia showed several ultra-structural details (i.e., outer dynein arms, spokes) such as observed in kinocilia of the respiratory epithelium. In addition, a number of poorly differentiated cells showing cilia with a 9 + 0 pattern and at the same time cilia with a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubular arrangement were also seen.

The possible biologic significance of these cilia is discussed.     

螺旋CT定位在微电极引导脑立体定向手术中的临床应用

目的 :探讨螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪在微电极引导脑立体定向术中的应用。方法 :对治疗组和对照组帕金森病病人进行CT定位和手术靶点定位 ,比较AC PC层面与体表标志间的关系以及进行定位结果分析。结果 :对照组和治疗组AC PC层面与外耳孔上缘之间的距离无显著差异 ,距离为 ( 4 7.75± 0 .6 2 )mm ;AC PC层面与GI线之间没有确定的关系 ,与听眶线的夹角为 ( 1.0± 1.5 )° ;与外耳孔上方中点联线的夹角为 ( 0 .5± 1.0 )°。结论 :螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪可以较好地满足临床定位要求 ,以听眶线为扫描基线更易掌握     

临床营养专科护士培训实践与成效

目的 探讨临床营养专科护士培训实践方法,为国内临床营养专科护士的培养提供参考.方法 基于临床营养专科护士核心能力构建培训体系,对115名学员采用理论授课(4周)与临床实践(8周)相结合方式分阶段进行培训.结果 学员总成绩(90.69±2.28)分;学员对培训的总体满意度为98.26％.结论 临床营养专科护士培训可提高专科护士营养相关知识和技能,促进专科护士持续成长.     

抗—HBcIgM在HBV感染55例中的动态观察

本文ELLSA检测,对55例HBV感染者血清中的抗-HBcIgM随访研究其动态变化。结果发现,急性乙肝35例抗-HBcIgM的阳性率在入院时,6个月,12个月分别为100%（35/35）,86%（31/36）,及34%（6/18）,提示抗-HBcIgM在6个月大都保持阳性,至12个月大部分消失;“无症状”携带者20例抗-HBcIgM阳性率在首检时,6个月,24个月都为100%（各为20/20,17/17,及10/10）,提示“无症状”携带者的抗-HBcIgM很难自然消失,同时把抗-HBcIgM和HBsAg检测对比,提示HBsAg阴性不能排除急性乙肝的诊断。     

杂合启动子控制下乙肝病毒表面抗原SA—28融合基因在酵母中？…

在杂合启动子ＡＤＨ２－ＧＡＰＤＨ控制下于酿酒酵母中表达乙肝病毒表面抗原ＳＡ－２８融合基因的过程研究中,确定系统表达的有效阻遏条件为在１０．０ｇ／Ｌ的葡萄糖浓度下进行细胞的预培养,采用稀释操作和碳源饥饿培养等较彻底的支阻遏方式以克服葡萄糖酵解产物阻遏对表达的影响。实验还显示了溶解氧浓度对表达的影响和乙醇流加方式对表达期酵母生长与表达的调节作用。实验获得主培养４５ｈ后湿菌体浓度为１８６ｇ／Ｌ,细胞内ｐ     

Glutamatergic regulation of striatal peptide gene expression in rats

Summary The mRNA levels encoding enkephalin and substance P were measured in the rat striatum following cortical ablation, blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or inhibition of glutamate release by lamotrigine. Unilateral ablation of the cerebral cortex resulted in a decrease of substance P mRNA levels particularly in the rostral dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum ipsilateral to the lesion. There was a similar trend for a reduction in levels of enkephalin mRNA. Continuous, intrastriatal infusion of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 3-((±)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid, (CPP, 0.12 and 1.2g/day) decreased both enkephalin mRNA and substance P mRNA in dose-dependent manner evenly throughout the striatum adjacent to the infusion site. Following subchronic administration of the presumed glutamate release inhibitor, lamotrigine (5 and 20 mg/kg IP) there was no significant alterations in either enkephalin mRNA or substance P mRNA levels in the striatum. Both enkephalin mRNA and substance P mRNA expression in the rat striatum appear tonically stimulated through postsynaptic NMDA receptor mediated mechanisms. This contrasts with differential dopaminergic modulation of peptides in striatal output neurons.