淄博市生活饮用水中硝酸盐暴露及其健康风险的时空分布特征

目的 对饮用水硝酸盐进行健康风险评估,为水质干预决策提供技术依据。 方法 对2016~2020年淄博市2 575份城乡饮用水样品检测硝酸盐含量,采用我国《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)的环境健康风险评价模型,分析不同年度、不同监测点类型、不同水源、不同处理方式的硝酸盐含量和非致癌健康风险的时空分布特征。 结果 2016~2020年共检测水样2 575份,硝酸盐超标率为10.76%。饮用水硝酸盐含量具有空间聚集性,高值主要集中在沂源县中部和东部、博山区西南部,低值集中在高青县和桓台县。饮用水硝酸盐含量和非致癌健康风险总体呈现逐年升高趋势,农村水高于城区水、地下水高于地表水、未处理水高于处理水。5年总体平均非致癌风险为0.21,对人体产生的非致癌风险较低;最高非致癌风险为1.99,主要集中在沂源县,对人体存在长期暴露的非致癌健康风险。 结论 淄博市局部区域饮用水硝酸盐污染较严重,存在非致癌健康风险,应引起关注并采取水质干预措施。     

阴道碘氧治疗细菌性阴道病疗效观察

目的探讨阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病的价值与安全性。方法将符合细菌性阴道病诊断标准的100例病人,分为观察组和对照组两组。观察组给予阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑;对照组给予甲硝唑口服加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑。两组均于用药1疗程后,及停药后2周、3个月复诊,判断疗效及复发情况。结果观察组总有效率为98.1%,对照组为95.8%,两组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);停药2周和3个月的复发率观察组为9.6%与23.1%。对照组为29.2%与37.5%,两组相比,差异均非常显著(P<0.01)。结论阴道碘氧消毒法加阴道后穹隆置甲硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病疗效可靠,复发率低,且安全。     

早期肠道喂养对烫伤大鼠肠道细菌移位的影响

目的观察早期肠道喂养对烫伤大鼠肠道细菌移位的影响. 方法设计早期肠道喂养和延迟肠道喂养动物模型,取大鼠伤后6、12、24、48、72 h肝脏组织、肠系膜淋巴结作细菌培养,并测定肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,动态观察三者的变化并进行统计学分析.结果两组大鼠肠系膜淋巴结、肝脏组织均发生细菌移位和肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性下降,延迟喂养大鼠移位细菌数量显著多于早期肠道喂养大鼠(P＜0.05),肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性较早期喂养大鼠显著下降(P＜0.05);相关性分析发现,肝脏组织和肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位具有显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),二者与肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性具有显著负相关关系(二者P＜0.01).结论烫伤大鼠延迟肠道喂养较早期肠道喂养容易发生肠黏膜损伤和肠道细菌移位且严重.     

Effect of Surface Tooling Techniques of Medical Titanium Implants on Bacterial Biofilm Formation In Vitro

The aim of this study was to assess the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli on titanium implants with CAD-CAM tooling techniques. Twenty specimens of titanium were studied: Titanium grade 2 tooled with a Planmeca CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 2), Ti₆Al₄V grade 5 as it comes from CAD-DMLS device (computer aided design-direct metal laser sintering device) (TiGrade 5), Ti₆Al₄V grade 23 as it comes from a CAD-CAM milling device (TiGrade 23), and CAD-DMLS TiGrade 5 polished with an abrasive disc (TiGrade 5 polished). Bacterial adhesion on the implants was completed with and without saliva treatment to mimic both extraoral and intraoral surgical methods of implant placement. Five specimens/implant types were used in the bacterial adhesion experiments. Autoclaved implant specimens were placed in petri plates and immersed in saliva solution for 30 min at room temperature and then washed 3× with 1× PBS. Bacterial suspensions of each strain were made and added to the specimens after saliva treatment. Biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h at 37 °C and the adhered bacteria was calculated. Tooling techniques had an insignificant effect on the bacterial adhesion by all the bacterial strains studied. However, there was a significant difference in biofilm formation between the saliva-treated and non-saliva-treated implants. Saliva contamination enhanced S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis adhesion in all material types studied. S. aureus was found to be the most adherent strain in the saliva-treated group, whereas E. coli was the most adherent strain in the non-saliva-treated group. In conclusion, CAD-CAM tooling techniques have little effect on bacterial adhesion. Saliva coating enhances the biofilm formation; therefore, saliva contamination of the implant must be minimized during implant placement. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the effects of surface treatments of the titanium implant on soft tissue response and to prevent the factors causing implant infection and failure.     

谈高校财力资金的合理配置

在目前我国高校财力资金不足的情况下，如何更好的加以配置，直接关系到高校的办学效益和办学质量。财力资金的合理配置，已成为高校的头等大事。     

烧结次数对齿科氧化锆陶瓷机械性能的影响

目的：研究不同烧结次数对氧化钇稳定四方相氧化锆（Y-TZP）陶瓷机械性能的影响。方法：制作Y-TZP瓷片,分为3组,分别烧结1、3、5次,每组再分为3个亚组,分别为在压力灭菌锅内进行水热老化处理10、20 h模拟Y-TZP的低温老化组,烧结后未进行老化的作为对照组。如此,实验共分为9组（1-10、1-20、1-C、3-10、3-20、3-C、5-10、5-20、5-C）,测量每组试件的3点弯曲强度,压痕法测算其断裂韧性,并利用WEIBULL分布分析弯曲强度测量结果的可靠性。结果：9组试件的弯曲强度及断裂韧性无统计学差异（P>0.05）,WEIBULL分析同样证实这一结果。结论：烧结次数的增加不会加速Y-TZP的低温老化效应,Y-TZP修复体制作过程中可能需要的多次烧结对Y-TZP材料本身的机械性能无明显影响。     

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A unique case of chronic disease with atypical features

We present a unique case of diffusely extensive Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Typically affecting the peripheral nervous system and manifesting with muscle weakness, breakdown or paresthesia, we present a case that additionally demonstrates; cranial nerve involvement, central nervous system parenchymal lesions, and chronic osseous remodeling of the nerve tracts. Cranial nerve involvement to this extent has only been described in one other case report to our knowledge. Central nervous system parenchymal lesions are extremely rare in CIDP and no discrete discussion about osseous remodeling has been presented, thus far, in the literature. The findings illustrated in this case may spur further understanding of imaging characteristics most associated with chronic CIDP disease and care measures that could help stratify patients most at risk for severe symptomologies.     

新疆某院脑梗塞患者入院时间圆形分布分析

目的:探讨脑梗塞患者发病时间的规律性。方法:对新疆某三甲医院2006～2010年1325例脑梗塞住院病人入院时间,运用圆形分布法分析其发病时间的聚集性。结果:脑梗塞患者入院日期具有一定的集中趋势(P<0.05),高峰期分别为4月20日前后。结论:根据脑梗塞患者入院时间的聚集性趋势特点,可合理安排相关医疗科室的医疗资源配置,提高对脑梗塞患者的救诊质量。     

Epidemiology,Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an enveloped, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the pneumovirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. BRSV has been recognized as a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves since the early 1970s. The analysis of BRSV infection was originally hampered by its characteristic lability and poor growth in vitro. However, the advent of numerous immunological and molecular methods has facilitated the study of BRSV enormously. The knowledge gained from these studies has also provided the opportunity to develop safe, stable, attenuated virus vaccine candidates. Nonetheless, many aspects of the epidemiology, molecular epidemiology and evolution of the virus are still not fully understood. The natural course of infection is rather complex and further complicates diagnosis, treatment and the implementation of preventive measures aimed to control the disease. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which BRSV is able to establish infection is needed to prevent viral and disease spread. This review discusses important information regarding the epidemiology and molecular epidemiology of BRSV worldwide, and it highlights the importance of viral evolution in virus transmission.     

2008-2011年产气肠杆菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析产气肠杆菌临床分布特点及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性变化,以更好地指导临床的合理使用抗菌药物.方法 采用WHONET5软件统计分析2008年1月-2011年12月临床分离的产气肠杆菌临床分布和耐药率.结果 4年内共分离到产气肠杆菌459株,其中2008-2011年分别检出108、101、130、120株;病原菌主要来源于住院患者的痰液213株占46.4％、胆汁70株占15.3％、血液51株占11.1％、尿液50株占10.9％;4年耐药监测显示,亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率在2.0％～7.9％,呈明显的逐年上升趋势;头孢类抗菌药物除头孢唑林耐药率较高约90.0％外,其他如头孢替坦、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等耐药率由最高的55.5％下降至最低28.5％,氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等复合制剂耐药率也由最高70.2％下降至最低21.1％,同时阿米卡星、庆大霉素等氨基糖苷类等药物的耐药率亦呈下降趋势,最高30.4％,最低为0,对喹诺酮类的耐药率约30.0％,保持相对稳定.结论 4年产气肠杆菌对头孢菌类、氨基糖苷类、复合制剂等药物的耐药率有所降低,而碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率呈上升趋势,说明细菌耐药性存在动态的变化,及时对细菌耐药性进行分析,依据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物,严格掌握适应证,可减少或延缓耐药菌株的播散.