The afferent innervation of the thymus gland in the rat

The afferent nervous supply to the thymus gland has been investigated by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. It has been shown that the thymus receives an afferent supply from the nodose ganglia of the vagus and from the dorsal root ganglia C₁–C₇. The afferent innervation of the right and left thymic lobes is bilaterally organized; the fibers of a small celled population of nodose ganglion neurons cross outside the thymus and those of a larger celled population cross within the thymus gland. The functional implications of these findings are discussed in the context of central nervous system-immune system interactions.     

Spectrophotometric investigation of complex formation of an oxime PAM-4Cl with palladium(II) and its analytical application

The colour reaction of 4-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-methylpyridinium chloride (PAM-4Cl) and palladium(II) chloride has been investigated. The optimum reaction conditions, spectral characteristics, conditional stability constant and composition of the yellow water-soluble complex have been established. A new spectrophotometric method is proposed for the microdetermination of PAM-4Cl.     

Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA®) treatment during surgery in patients with inhibitors to FVIII/IX

Non-activated and activated prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC/aPCC) have been used successfully to treat bleeds in haemophilia patients with inhibitors, but most physicians do not consider these products as effective as factor VIII/IX (FVIII/IX) concentrates in non-inhibitor patients. Thus, surgical procedures in inhibitor patients have been performed reluctantly. We have performed 14 minor and five major surgical and invasive diagnostic procedures in eight patients with congenital haemophilia A and inhibitors and in two patients with acquired haemophilia. When a loading dose of 100 U kg-1 of FEIBA was given followed by 200 U kg-1 day-1 in three divided doses every 8 h for 3 days, and then, when the daily dose was tapered to 100-150 U kg-1, no severe or unexpected bleeding complications were observed. However, one adverse event was observed. A 69-year-old man who suffered a myocardial infarction the third postoperative day following sigmoidectomy was managed safely with opiate analgesia, nitrates and diuretics, and the continued use of FEIBA(R).     

从ECCE到Phaco的转变--核处理技术的实验研究

目的通过化学方法制成动物核性白内障模型,探讨相对能量复合指数(RECP)与角膜内皮细胞活性的关系。方法将5种化学物质注入晶状体,以透过黑白条纹的清晰程度判断晶状体混浊程度并分级。然后将实验眼球分为6组(Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ-Ⅵ为实验组),行标准超声乳化白内障摘除手术。手术后立即取下角膜,作锥蓝-茜素红联合染色标本和扫描电镜标本。结果晶状体内注入甲醛、冰醋酸、无水乙醇、丙酮和苯扎溴铵均能形成晶状体混浊,其中:冰醋酸致晶状体混浊能力最弱,无水乙醇、丙酮次之,甲醛、苯扎溴铵最强。当RECP≤90时,锥蓝-茜素红双重染色和扫描电镜均表明角膜内皮细胞活性好,其形态和细胞联接均无改变。当RECP=120时,角膜内皮细胞形态尚正常,但是细胞联结和胞膜部分破坏。当RECP=150时,角膜内皮细胞严重损伤。结论用化学方法制作核性白内障模型供过渡训练使用是可行的。当RECP超过某一数值(>90)时,即与角膜内皮细胞的活性成负相关。     

亚硒酸钠对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠癌组织和肝组织溶酶体的作用研究

用差速离心方法分离提取荷Lewis肺癌小鼠癌组织和肝组织富含溶酶体部分,并以溶酶体标志酶酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的游离酶和总酶活性比值作为观察溶酶体膜稳定性变化的指标,观察了亚硒酸钠对两种组织ACP酶活性和膜稳定性的影响。发现硒对癌组织和肝组织ACP活性的异常升高有抑制作用、稳定溶酶体膜,在癌瘤增殖前期作用明显(P<0.05)。提示这种拮抗效应与硒直接和间接的抗脂质过氧化有关。     

Novel enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin igG in human serum

A novel enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin IgG in human serum is described. A serum sample containing anti-insulin IgG was treated with dextran-charcoal at pH 6.0 to remove endogenous insulin and subsequently incubated with dinitrophenyl biotinyl nonspecific rabbit IgG-insulin conjugate. The reaction mixture was further incubated with a rabbit (antidinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG-coated polystyrene ball to trap the complex formed between anti-insulin IgG and the conjugate. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum, the polystyrene ball was incubated with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine to elute the complex. The eluate was incubated with an avidin-coated polystyrene ball. Finally, the amount of human anti-insulin IgG in the complex trapped onto the avidin-coated polystyrene ball was measured by incubation with rabbit (antihuman IgG (γ-chain)) Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. This enzyme immunoassay was 1,000-fold more sensitive than the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which an insulin-bovine serum albumin-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with a serum sample containing anti-insulin IgG and subsequently with rabbit (antihuman IgG (γ-chain)) Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. The principle of the novel enzyme immunoassay can be used to more sensitively measure antibodies for most kinds of haptens and antigens than the conventional enzyme immunoassay.     

Ictal brain imaging in presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures

At the Indiana University Medical Center, 99 patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (MI-CPS) had presurgical evaluation with subsequent anterior temporal lobectomy. The majority of the patients had single photon emission tomography (SPECT) performed interictally as well as during an actual epileptic seizure (ictal scan). Decreased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) was seen in 54/94 (57%) of the interictal scans corresponding to the eventual site of the surgery. However, ictal scans provided a higher yield; increased rCP in the temporal lobe during an actual seizure was observed in 60/82 (73%) concordant to the side of surgery. SPECT is a useful, noninvasive method of localizing the epilepti-form focus in patients with MI-CPS considered for resective surgery. Both interictal and ictal SPECT need to be performed; combined interictal hypo-perfusion and ictal hyperperfusion in the same focal area are unique to epileptogenic lesions. Ictal SPECT studies can be performed in the majority of patients during the period of continuous video/EEG monitoring with only a little additional effort. Combining the results of functional brain imaging (interictal and ictal SPECT, PET) with clinical semiology of seizures, surface and sphenoidal EEG, magnetic resonance imaging and other non-invasive tests, anterior temporal lobectomy can be recommended in approximately two-thirds of the patients without resorting to potentially dangerous intracranial EEG monitoring.     

羊踯躅根治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的实验及临床研究

本文用反复静脉注射小剂量牛血清白蛋白复制家兔慢性肾炎,用羊踯躅根治疗。同时,用该药对慢性肾炎病人进行疗效观察。阳性组兔肾小球呈现中至重度颗粒形免疫荧光,肾组织呈明显慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎改变。尿蛋白±～++。治疗组兔及病人治疗后病变及症状均明显减轻或消失。结果提示循环免疫复合物反复沉着可引起兔类似人类的慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎,羊踯躅根对病变有一定的控制和治疗作用,这可能与其抑制免疫发病机制有关。     

Monocytes in active multiple sclerosis: intact regulation of HLA-DR density in vitro despite decreased HLA-DR density in vivo

HLA-DR expression on circulating monocytes varies as a function of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative immunopathological demyelinating disorder. Specifically, monocytes isolated from subjects with active MS exhibit reduced HLA-DR antigen density, and immunoregulatory aberrations such as impaired T lymphocyte-mediated suppression correlate strongly with this quantitative defect. To address the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we compared in vitro regulation of HLA-DR by interferon beta (IFN beta), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in monocytes from patients with stable and active MS and normal individuals. Interferon-gamma and LPS enhanced monocyte expression of HLA-DR equally in both MS patient groups, suggesting that underexpression of HLA-DR in active MS was not explained by impaired in vivo monocyte responsiveness. Furthermore, interferon regulation of HLA-DR in normals and stable MS subjects was indistinguishable, indicating that aberrant interferon-mediated regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on circulating monocytes does not appear to be a characteristic of the MS disease state.     

Glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity in brainstem auditory nuclei of the rat

The distribution of GABA-producing neurons in the brainstem auditory nuclei of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically by using an antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). In the cochlear nuclei, GAD immunoreactive neurons are present only in the superficial granular and molecular layers, whereas terminals are found in all subdivisions of the nuclei and are particularly dense surrounding large spherical cells and one type of stellate cell. In the superior olivary complex, GAD immunoreactive neurons are located in the lateral olivary nucleus and throughout the periolivary region. Immunoreactive terminals are distributed along dendrites of principal cells of the medial and lateral olivary nuclei and are clustered around somata of globular neurons of the nucleus of the trapezoid body. An extremely dense band of immunoreactive somata and terminals is present along the ventral edge of the olivary complex. The ventral, intermediate, and dorsal nuclei of the lateral lemniscus contain small fusiform GAD-immunoreactive neurons and a moderately dense plexus of immunoreactive terminals. The inferior colliculus contains a large population of GAD-immunoreactive perikarya and an extremely dense accumulation of immunoreactive terminals in the central, dorsomedial, and external nuclei. These observations indicate that GABA systems are involved in function at all levels of the brainstem auditory pathway.