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排序方式: 共有892条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
阿托品试验在脑死亡诊断中的价值 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨阿托品试验在脑死亡诊断中的价值,对7例呼吸心跳骤停经心肺复苏心跳恢复用呼吸机维持的病人,当GCS评分<5分开始,每隔6小时作阿托品试验、脑子反射检查、动脉血气分析,并连续心电图、血压、动态脑电图监测。结果:5例脑死亡,阿托品试验都明性;深昏迷时阿托品试验都阳性。脑死亡时阿托品试验增加心率次数与深昏迷时比较,两者差异显著(P<0.001)。提示每隔6小时作阿托品试验,连续2次阴性结果可作为脑死亡诊断标准之一。 相似文献
43.
Samantha S.Y. Lee David A. Mackey Gareth Lingham Julie M. Crewe Michael D. Richards Fred K. Chen Jason Charng Fletcher Ng Ian Flitcroft James J. Loughman Augusto Azuara‐Blanco Nicola S. Logan Christopher J. Hammond Audrey Chia Tan Tai Truong Antony Clark 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2020,48(5):569-579
44.
Bradford J. Bowls MD Jr. Jack M. Freeman MD James A. Luna MD William J. Meggs MD PhD 《Academic emergency medicine》2003,10(3):286-288
OBJECTIVE: Organophosphates are used as pesticides, herbicides, and chemical warfare agents. Treatment of organophosphate poisoning is with intravenous atropine and pralidoxime in addition to supportive care. This study determined the efficacy of oral agents in preventing death from organophosphate poisoning. METHODS: The organophosphate paraoxon (8 mg/kg) was used in a murine model with lethality at four and 24 hours as an end point. For oral treatment, 15 male Balbc mice were given either atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg), or a combination of atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg) with pralidoxime (100 mg/kg), by oral gavage. A control group of 22 mice received water by oral gavage. Chi-square analysis was used to compare results in the different groups. RESULTS: Of the control group, six of 22 survived to four hours after paraoxon exposure. Of the exposed animals treated with oral atropine, eight of 15 survived to four hours. Of the exposed animals treated with a combination of atropine and pralidoxime, 13 of 15 survived to four hours. All animals surviving to four hours survived to 24 hours. The increased survival of animals in the atropine group relative to the control group was not significant (p = 0.09). Survival was significant in the group treated with atropine and pralidoxime relative to atropine alone (p = 0.02) and to the control group (p = 0.0002). All treated mice surviving at four hours were alive at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Both oral atropine and a combination of oral atropine and pralidoxime improved survival, and combination therapy achieved statistical significance. Generalization of this result to other organophosphate pesticides, other doses of paraoxon, and other species cannot be made without further investigations. 相似文献
45.
Timo KIRSCHSTEIN Chris PROTZEL Katrin PORATH Tina SELLMANN Rudiger KOHLING Oliver W HAKENBERG 《Acta pharmacologica Sinica》2014,35(1):74-81
Aim: Activation of muscarinic receptors on the detrusor smooth muscle is followed by contraction, which involves both myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Rho kinase (ROCK). The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of MLCK and ROCK to carbachol-induced contraction of human detrusor smooth muscle in vitro.
Methods: Detrusor smooth muscle strips were prepared from the macroscopically unaffected bladder wall of patients underwent cystectomy. The strips were fixed in an organ bath, and carbachol or KCl-induced isometric contractions were measured by force transducers.
Results: Addition of carbachol (0.4-4 μmol/L) into the bath induced concentration-dependent contractions of detrusor specimens, which was completely abolished by atropine (1 μmol/L). Pre-incubation of detrusor specimens with either the MLCK inhibitor ML-9 or the ROCK inhibitors HA1100 and Y-27632 (each at 10 μmol/L) significantly blocked carbachol-induced contractions as compared to the time-control experiments. Moreover, MLCK and ROCK inhibition were equally effective in reducing carbachol-induced contractions. The residual carbachol-induced contractions in the presence of both MLCK and ROCK inhibitors were significantly smaller than the contractions obtained when only one enzyme (either MLCK or ROCK) was inhibited, suggesting an additive effect of the two kinases. Interestingly, ROCK-mediated carbachol-induced contractions were positively correlated to the age of patients (r=0.52, P〈0.05).
Conclusion: Both MLCK and ROCK contribute to carbachol-induced contractions of human detrusor smooth muscle. ROCK inhibitors may be a new pharmacological approach to modulate human bladder hyperactivity. 相似文献
Methods: Detrusor smooth muscle strips were prepared from the macroscopically unaffected bladder wall of patients underwent cystectomy. The strips were fixed in an organ bath, and carbachol or KCl-induced isometric contractions were measured by force transducers.
Results: Addition of carbachol (0.4-4 μmol/L) into the bath induced concentration-dependent contractions of detrusor specimens, which was completely abolished by atropine (1 μmol/L). Pre-incubation of detrusor specimens with either the MLCK inhibitor ML-9 or the ROCK inhibitors HA1100 and Y-27632 (each at 10 μmol/L) significantly blocked carbachol-induced contractions as compared to the time-control experiments. Moreover, MLCK and ROCK inhibition were equally effective in reducing carbachol-induced contractions. The residual carbachol-induced contractions in the presence of both MLCK and ROCK inhibitors were significantly smaller than the contractions obtained when only one enzyme (either MLCK or ROCK) was inhibited, suggesting an additive effect of the two kinases. Interestingly, ROCK-mediated carbachol-induced contractions were positively correlated to the age of patients (r=0.52, P〈0.05).
Conclusion: Both MLCK and ROCK contribute to carbachol-induced contractions of human detrusor smooth muscle. ROCK inhibitors may be a new pharmacological approach to modulate human bladder hyperactivity. 相似文献
46.
目的观察中药肾复舒颗粒合用阿托品对肾衰大鼠残余肾组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)分布与肾损伤的影响。方法将5/6肾切除SD大鼠随机分为肾复舒治疗组、肾复舒+阿托品治疗组和模型组,并设假手术组为正常对照,术后1周开始给药,连续8周后处死动物。采血检测各组用药前后血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)和尿蛋白的浓度变化;并取大鼠残余肾组织切片用HE染色和免疫组化法检测肾组织VEGF表达水平及MVD、肾小球硬化指数(GSI)、肾小管间质损伤指数(TIS)。用MVD与BUN、Cr、GSI、TIS和尿蛋白作相关分析。结果两治疗组肾组织VEGF、MVD表达比对照组明显增强;VEGF与MVD成正相关;MVD与血尿素、肌酐、GSI、TIS和尿蛋白成负相关(P<0.05);且肾复舒+阿托品组改变更为明显(P<0.05)。结论肾复舒和阿托品能加强VEGF在残余肾组织的表达,增加微血管密度;降低肾小球硬化和肾小管间质损伤程度。2种药物合用作用更为明显。 相似文献
47.
乙酰胆碱、阿托品、毛果芸香碱在痛觉调制中对大鼠蓝斑核神经元形态的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 研究乙酰胆碱(ACh)、阿托品、毛果芸香碱与正常大鼠蓝斑核(LC)在痛觉调制中的作用及其相互关系.方法 采用电生理学与侧脑室给药的方法,以电脉冲刺激坐骨神经作为伤害性刺激,用玻璃微电极引导LC中痛反应神经元的电变化.观察ACh、阿托品、毛果芸香碱对LC中神经元形态学改变的影响.结果 ACh可使LC内神经元形态发生改变,即神经元体积变大、外形不规则,细胞核轻度水肿等.M受体拮抗剂阿托品能阻断上述作用,使神经元结构基本恢复正常.M受体激动剂毛果芸香碱能产生与ACh相似的效应.结论 外源性ACh不仅能加强大鼠LC中痛反应神经元的电活动,而且使神经元的形态也发生了相应的改变,表现为易化疼痛效应.揭示,ACh的易化疼痛作用主要是通过M受体介导而实现的,LC内神经元形态的改变进一步证实ACh和LC在痛觉调制中起重要作用. 相似文献
48.
[目的]观察长托宁合大承气汤治疗有机磷中毒的临床疗效。[方法]将125例有机磷农药中毒患者随机分为两组。对照组58例,清除毒物后,常规应用抗胆药阿托品及胆碱酯酶复能剂。治疗组67例应用长托宁及胆碱酯酶复能荆,同时用大承气汤高位灌肠。[结果]治疗组总有效率95.5%,对照组总有效率79.3%。两组比较,差别有显著性意义(P<0.05)。[结论]长托宁合大承气汤治疗有机磷农药中毒临床疗效好。 相似文献
49.
目的 探讨经皮经肝胆汁引流术(PTBD)迷走神经反射的预防与护理.方法 观察103例PTBD患者术前、术中和术后迷走神经反射,对2011年3月-2012年5月DSA引导下行PTBD治疗的未使用阿托品的梗阻性黄疸患者48例(对照组)和2012年6月-2013年7月应用阿托品的处理的梗阻性黄疸患者55例(观察组)进行比较.记录心率、血压,将数据应用SPSS19.0统计学软件处理.结果 两组患者心率减慢、血压降低以及支架植入成功率比较差异有统计学意义.结论 PTBD术前、术中和术后能及时发现迷走神经反射,可以及时处理.术前应用阿托品可以预防迷走神经反射的发生,降低手术风险,提高手术安全性,提高患者的手术耐受性,减少手术意外,应予以提倡. 相似文献
50.
目的 观察腹腔镜胆囊切除时心率变异性(HRV)变化及阿托品预防心动过缓时对HRV的影响。方法 21例胆囊切除术病人按术前心电图诊断分为心动过缓组和非心动过缓组,心动过缓病人麻醉诱导前加用阿托品0.5mg,术中监测HRV和心率。结果 两组病人胆囊切除中低频率/高频率(LF/HF)均显著低于术前基础值(P<0.05)。心动过缓组诱导后HF无明显变化,胆囊切除中显著降低(P<0.01);非心动过缓组则显著升高(P<0.01)。结论 胆囊切除术中,心动过缓者预防性使用阿托品可阻止迷走神经兴奋性增加,但并不能恢复植物神经系统的平衡。 相似文献