右房异构单心室伴完全性肺静脉异位引流的外科治疗

目的 介绍右房异构、单心室伴完全性肺静脉异位引流（TAPVC）的外科治疗经验和TAPVC在右房异构纠治手术中意义。方法 1999年6月于2000年3月手术治疗右房异构、单心室伴TAPVC5例。其中4例为心上型,1例为混合型。所有病儿均施行一侧或双侧的双向腔肺血管吻合术（BCPC）,4例同时进行TAPVC纠治术。结果 手术死亡1例,原因为 诊断不明确、体外循环时间过长、术后严重低心排和低氧血症。生存4例术后均无残余解剖梗阻,术后血流动力学稳定,血氧饱和度明显增高,随访结果满意。结论 术前明确TAPVC的诊断对指导手术具有重要意义;右房异构、单心室伴TAPVC在进行分流术时应同时施行TAPVC纠治术。     

右径小切口房间隔缺损封堵术21例临床分析

目的探讨右径小切口房间隔缺损封堵术的方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2004年7月至2005年5月收治的21例房间隔缺损患者,男性8例,女性13例,年龄1～70岁,中位年龄21岁。房间隔缺损直径8～40mm。全麻下右胸骨旁第4肋间行2～3cm切口,在经食管或胸壁超声引导下,经右心房通过单鞘管置入房间隔缺损封堵器。结果全组21例无手术死亡,使用的封堵器型号为14～46mm,均封堵满意,无残余分流,未影响心脏瓣膜功能。无封堵失败改行体外循环手术者。术中未输血,术后未发生封堵器移位或脱落等严重并发症,术后3～5d出院。复查无残余分流,无严重并发症,效果满意。结论右径小切口封堵房间隔缺损安全、创伤小,有一定推广价值。     

医疗体育对高血压病患者心钠素的影响

目的　探讨医疗体育对原发性高血压患者血压及血浆心钠素 (ANP)的影响。方法　将 40例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组。医疗体育组进行为期 8周 ,每周 6次 ,每次 1h的有氧运动治疗 ,观察运动前后血压及心钠素的变化 ,并与对照组进行比较。结果　医疗体育组运动治疗前血压、ANP与对照组无差异 ;运动治疗后血压与APN医疗体育组 (血压 19.38± 1.81/ 11.40± 1.0 1kPa ,ANP为 5 7.0 6± 18.0 pg/ml)较对照组 (血压为 2 1.0 8± 2 .0 9/ 12 .10± 1.2 2kPa ,ANP为 6 5 .96± 2 1.5 1pg/ml)明显下降。两组相比均P <0 .0 5。 结论　医疗体育对降低血压与ANP有确切疗效。     

经心外膜点状射频消融犬心房颤动的研究

为探索心房颤动的点状消融途径,选用健康犬以电刺激结合乙酰甲胆碱滴注的方法制成颤模型,以自制4对双极电极进行心外膜电生理标测,于心房易损性最大的部位进行射频消融治疗。结果表明,10只犬成功达到消融终点,与消融前相比,窦性心率、P波时限、校正窦房结恢复时间及房内传导时间变化均无显著性差异。提示阵发性房颤可通过点状消融得到消除,房颤的发生机制可能与激发活动有关。     

The use of cardiac computed tomography angiography in the assessment of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure – Review and experts recommendations endorsed by the Société française d’imagerie cardiaque et vasculaire diagnostique et interventionnelle

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of arrhythmia which is responsible for over 15% of ischemic strokes, most of these being secondary to migration of a left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. In patient with contraindication to anticoagulant therapy, percutaneous closure system placement may be indicated. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography plays a central role in the initial assessment as well as in the follow-up. The purpose of the pre-implantation cardiac CT angiography is to evaluate the anatomy of the LAA in order to select the most suitable prosthesis and check for any contraindication to device implantation. Image analysis is divided into four steps that include analysis of the approach; search for a thrombus in the LAA; investigation of the anatomy of the LAA (morphology of the LAA, dimensions of the LAA and choice of device) and cardiac and thoracic assessments. Follow-up involves CT examination to check for correct placement of the device and to detect any complications. On the basis of the results of currently available published research, a panel of experts has issued recommendations regarding cardiac CT angiography prior to percutaneous LAA closure device placement, which were further endorsed by the Société française d’imagerie cardiaque et vasculaire diagnostique et interventionnelle (SFICV).     

The Effect of Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Excision on Cardiac Dynamic and Endocrine Function

Purpose: Left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation is an effective surgical treatment for decreasing thromboembolic risk. We sought to evaluate the short-term effect of minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision on left atrial dynamic and endocrine function in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.Methods: A total of 52 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision in Anzhen Hospital from October 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in the study. The natriuretic peptide plasma level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and left atrial dynamic function was measured preprocedure by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and postprocedure after 7 days and 3 months.Results: With the exception of six recurrences, 88.5% (46/52) of the patients were prospectively followed over 3 months in terms of their sinus rhythm postprocedure. No severe operative complications or embolism events occurred within those 3 months. Echocardiography showed a 3–6% decrease in left atrial volume postprocedure, and dynamic function was largely restored by 3 months. There was no significant change in natriuretic peptide levels, although a slight decrease was detected 7 days postprocedure, which gradually recovered by 3 months (P = 0.350).Conclusions: There are no significant differences in left atrial dynamics and natriuretic peptide secretion in AF patients after minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision.     

Survival and sinus rhythm maintenance after modified Cox/maze procedure and mitral valve operation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVE: Sinus rhythm gained after the Cox/maze procedure concomitant with mitral valve operation has demonstrated long-term attrition during the follow-up, no information exists on whether the type of mitral valve operation--(repair vs. replacement)--affects this sinus rhythm maintenance rate. We retrospectively studied patients undergoing concomitant mitral valve operation and Cox/maze procedure to answer this question. METHODS: Between April 1993 and August 1995, 87 consecutive patients--35 men and 52 women (mean age: 59.3 years)--with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease underwent the modified Cox/maze procedure and concomitant mitral valve operation, with 56 having mitral valve repair (repair group) and 31 mitral valve replacement (replacement group). Patients were followed up and changes in rhythm studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Follow-up for a mean 51.3 +/- 11.6 months was completed in 82 of 83 long-term survivors (99%). Repair group surgery survival was 98.1 +/- 1.9% at 1 year and 94.2 +/- 3.2% at 5 based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Replacement group surgery survival was 85.7 +/- 5.9% at 1 year and 82.9 +/- 6.4% at 5. Probability in sinus rhythm maintenance for the repair group at 1 year was 88.6 +/- 5.4% and at 5 years was 67.6 +/- 9.1%. Probability in sinus rhythm maintenance for the replacement group at 1 year was 95.7 +/- 4.3% and at 5 years was 65.0 +/- 11.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Medium-term results after the Cox/maze III procedure concomitant with mitral valve operation are good. The attrition of sinus rhythm maintenance appears similar by the completion of 5-year follow-up.     

超声心动图在巨大房间隔缺损介入封堵术中的应用

目的评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)结合经食管超声心动图检查(TEE)指导巨大房间隔缺损(ASD)介入封堵术的可行性、安全性。方法术前应用TTE结合TEE测量ASD最大径或支撑径,明确其形态、边缘,筛选33例巨大ASD患者接受介入封堵术,术中指导封堵器植入,术后评价疗效。结果 33例中成功24例,失败9例,总成功率为72.73%;其中椭圆形ASD成功率76.47%,类圆形68.75%;ASD边缘足者81.82%,边缘不足者68.18%。TTE测量ASD最大径与封堵器大小相关性良好,TEE测量ASD支撑径与封堵器大小相关性进一步改善。24例成功病例随访6个月以上,无并发症发生。结论术前以TTE结合TEE详细观察ASD大小、形态、边缘筛选适应证,依据TTE和TEE测量的最大径及支撑径选择合适封堵器,结合术中指导及术后疗效评价,对提高巨大ASD介入封堵术的安全性及成功率有重要作用。     

心脏瓣膜置换同期双极射频消融的围术期护理体会

目的探讨心脏瓣膜病合并房颤的患者,在行瓣膜置换的同时联合进行双极射频消融术时,在围术期各阶段所采取的护理措施。方法我科从2012年6月至2013年4月对80例风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并房颤的患者,实施了心脏瓣膜置换联合双极射频消融术,其中二尖瓣置换＋双极射频消融术17例,二尖瓣置换＋三尖瓣成形术＋双极射频消融术31例,主动脉瓣置换＋二尖瓣置换＋双极射频消融术9例,主动脉瓣置换十二尖瓣置换＋三尖瓣成形术＋双极射频消融术23例。结果本组共11例患者出现心律失常,其中7例为室上速,4例口服可达龙后心率维持在100~／min左右,3例经静脉泵入后心率维持在100～120~／min,上述患者出院时心率基本正常,嘱患者出院后继续口服可达龙;另有4例出现窦性心动过缓,心率50～60次／min,经过停用可达龙,1例心率恢复正常,2例给予异丙肾上腺素0．01—0．05斗∥（kg·min）微量泵泵入,2～7d后心率恢复正常,1例使用心表临时起搏器,2周后顺利停用,恢复正常心率。所有患者均康复出院,出院时维持窦性心律。出院后随访3—12个月,均维持窦性心律,未见心脑血管意外等并发症。结论心脏瓣膜病合并房颤的患者,在行瓣膜置换的同时联合进行双极射频消融术,具有安全、疗效显著、远期复发率低等优点。在围术期各阶段采取正确、有针对性的护理措施,有利于促进患者更快的恢复,并有效防止远期并发症的发生。