The prevalence and break down of narrow anterior chamber angle pathology presenting to a general ophthalmology clinic

To approximate the breakdown of narrow anterior chamber angle conditions, on general ophthalmology clinics, in the predominantly white population of the South East Kent region in the United Kingdom.A review was done of all patients attending a secondary care ophthalmology general clinic over a 3-year period. Patients were assessed with: slitlamp biomicroscopy with indentation gonioscopy; SD optical coherence tomography, Humphrey visual field analyzer, and high frequency ultrasound and categorized into various narrow angle conditions. These were: narrow Van Herrick but open angle; primary narrow angle but nonoccludable; primary angle closure suspect; primary angle closure; chronic narrow angle glaucoma; plateau iris configuration; plateau iris syndrome, and phacomorphic narrow angle.A total of 14,520 patients were referred to the clinic, of those 10,491 attended and were analyzed. Six hundred seventy four (6.4%) of the patients had some form of narrow angle condition in at least 1 eye. The majority of these patients were at relative low risk of pathology such as nonoccludable narrow angles (359/53.3%) and narrow Van Herrick but open angles (93/13.8%). 8.8% of all the narrow angle patients had primary angle closure suspect or primary angle closure. Plateau iris pathology was seen in 68 (10.1%) of patients with 18 (26%) having confirmed plateau iris syndrome after peripheral iridotomy. Phacomorphic pathology was confirmed in 75 (11.1%) patients.Narrow angle patients form a significant proportion (6.4%) of those attending general ophthalmology clinic in the predominantly white population in the South East Kent Region of the United Kingdom. The majority of these (67.1%) are at a relatively low risk of developing acute or chronic angle closure glaucoma. Of the remaining patients 8.8% have primary angle closure suspect or primary angle closure and 2.9% have already progressed to chronic narrow angle closure glaucoma. Plateau iris pathology and phacomorphic glaucoma account for the remainder of the presentations.     

颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗颈椎病疗效观察

目的分析单节段神经根型颈椎病患者采用显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗的效果。方法选取医院2016年5月—2018年10月收治的单节段神经根型颈椎病患者102例,根据手术方法不同分为观察组(n=51)和对照组(n=51),对照组接受传统颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,观察组接受显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,术后3个月观察分析2组疗效、手术前后疼痛(VAS评分)及颈椎功能(JOA评分)并发症情况。结果观察组优良率96.08%高于对照组82.35%(P<0.05),术后观察组VAS评分较对照组降低,JOA评分较对照组升高(P<0.05),观察组并发症发生率3.92%(2/51)与对照组9.80%(5/51)相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论单节段神经根型颈椎病患者采用显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,疗效确切,并可显著减轻疼痛,改善颈椎功能,且并发症少。     

前路减压植骨融合并钢板内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术在多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值。方法：30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者经颈前路椎体次全切除减压,取自体髂骨植骨融合,并行颈前路钢板固定。结果：30例获随访,平均28个月,植骨于术后12-16周骨性愈合。术后恢复之椎间高度未发生再丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好。手术有效率为100%（30/30）,优良率为93.3%（28/30）。JOA评分平均由术前的平均8分升至16.5分。结论：前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,具有应用价值,获得显著疗效。     

可调节带袢锁扣钛板-自体半腱肌肌腱全内重建前交叉韧带断裂的效果

 目的 探讨可调节带袢锁扣钛板-自体半腱肌肌腱全内重建膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)断裂的可行性、优缺点及并发症。方法 选择2014-07至2015-07应用可调节带袢锁扣钛板-自体半腱肌肌腱全内重建膝关节ACL断裂47例。2～6周,关节镜下应用可调节带袢锁扣钛板-自体半腱肌肌腱全内重建膝关节ACL断裂,伴发内侧副韧带损伤,用股薄肌肌腱修复或直接缝合。取同侧半腱肌肌腱,修整后将肌腱移植物对折成4股,并与可调节带袢锁扣钛板相连,移植物长度为6～6.5 cm,直径为7～9 mm。在ACL胫骨侧、股骨侧印迹定位并用倒打钻钻孔,制作骨隧道,经前内侧入路将肌腱移植物牵入骨道,并两侧逐步锁紧线环,将胫骨向后复位,将钛板固定在骨皮质上。根据重建手术前、后膝关节前抽屉实验、Lachman 试验、侧方挤压实验、IKDC 膝关节功能评价表、 Lysholm 评分对患者进行主观和客观评分,以评定疗效。结果 本组47例随访2～3年,平均随访时间为2.1年。末次随访时,患者膝关节疼痛、肿胀、屈伸活动受限等症状明显改善,前抽屉实验(-),Lachman试验(-),IKDC膝关节功能评分、Lysholm评分较重建前明显提高。膝关节屈曲达115°～130°;膝关节IKDC评分结果:正常41例(87.2%),接近正常4例(8.5%),异常2例(4.3%);膝关节功能Lysholm评分:术前(51.4±5.4)分,术后(92.2±4.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 应用可调节带袢锁扣钛板-自体半腱肌肌腱全内重建膝关节ACL,创伤小,能恢复膝关节的稳定性,功能恢复良好,疗效确切。     

Reducing delirium and cognitive dysfunction after off-pump coronary bypass: A randomized trial

BackgroundNeuropsychiatric complications of surgical coronary revascularization are inconspicuous but frequent and clinically relevant. So far, attempts to reduce their occurrence, such as the introduction of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting method, have not brought the desired results. The aim of this trial was to determine whether using any of the 2 selected modifications of OPCAB could decrease the incidence of these undesired sequelae.MethodsIn this single-center, assessor- and patient-blinded, superiority, randomized controlled trial, 192 patients scheduled for elective isolated OPCAB were randomized to 3 parallel arms. The control arm underwent “conventional” OPCAB with vein grafts. The first study arm underwent anaortic OPCAB (ANA) with total arterial revascularization. The second study arm underwent OPCAB with vein grafts using carbon dioxide surgical field flooding (CO₂FF). Outcomes included the incidence of postoperative delirium (PD) and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (ePOCD).ResultsThe incidence of PD was 35.9% in the control (OPCAB) arm, 32.8% in the CO₂FF arm, and 12.5% in the ANA arm (χ² [2, N = 191] = 10.17; P = .006). Post hoc tests revealed that the incidence of PD in the ANA arm differed from that in the OPCAB arm (odds ratio [OR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.68; P = .002). The incidence of ePOCD was 34.4% in the OPCAB arm, 28.1% in the CO₂FF arm, and 9.5% in the ANA arm (χ² [2, N = 191] = 11.58; P = .003). Post hoc tests revealed that the incidence of ePOCD differed between the ANA and OPCAB arms (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.58; P < .001).ConclusionsPerforming ANA significantly decreases the incidence of PD and ePOCD compared with “conventional” OPCAB with vein grafts, whereas CO₂FF is inconsequential in this regard. These results, which probably reflect decreased delivery of embolic load to the brain in ANA, may have practical applicability in daily practice to improve clinical outcomes.