股骨转子下骨折术后不愈合并内固定断裂1例

患者,女,69岁,既往高血压病史,慢性胃溃疡30余年,无糖尿病、冠心病、肝炎等病史。患者于13个月前从约1.5 m高处摔落致右大腿上部疼痛肿胀,伴髋部活动受限,在当地医院行X线检查,诊断为右股骨转子下骨折,AO分型32-A2型(见图1A)。于当地医院行切开复位动力髋螺钉内固定术治疗,术后X线片显示对位对线良好(见图1B)。术后患者能缓慢行走,定期当地门诊复查,见折端骨痂生长,但愈合迟缓,右侧股骨有逐渐内翻趋势。3 d前晨起时突发右侧大腿疼痛肿胀,中段可扪及异物感,行走困难,遂于2017年1月20日至我院门诊就诊。行X线检查提示:右股骨转子下骨折,内固定术后改变,折端部分愈合,股骨上段内固定钢板外移,螺钉断裂(见图1C)。     

脱细胞异体真皮在阴茎增粗效果下对原发性早泄的影响

目的探讨应用人脱细胞异体真皮(human acellular dermal mantrix,HADM)在阴茎增粗方案中治疗男性原发性早泄的疗效及安全性。方法采用回顾性分析我院2017年3月~2019年8月收治的94例原发性早泄患者,通过阴茎神经电生理结果划分阴茎皮肤高敏感型及混合型早泄患者作为本次课题研究对象,评估内容包括手术前后阴茎体感诱发电位(DNSEP/GPSEP)潜伏期、阴茎交感皮肤反应(PSSR)潜伏期、阴茎中段周径(疲软)、中国早泄指数-5评分(CIPE-5)、阴道内射精潜伏期(IELT)、国际勃起功能评分问卷-5(IIEF-5)以及患者与性伴侣的满意度。结果对比患者术前及术后3月各项指标,除IIEF-5外,术后患者阴茎中段周径(疲软)明显增粗、阴茎体感诱发电位(DNSEP/GPSEP)潜伏期、阴茎交感皮肤反应(PSSR)潜伏期、IELT明显延长、CIPE-5及性伴侣的满意度明显改善,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在应用脱细胞异体真皮阴茎增粗方案中,治疗男性原发性阴茎皮肤高敏感型及混合型早泄效果显著,患者阴道内射精潜伏期时间明显增长,同时,性生活质量显著提升,并发症极少,安全有效。因此,值得在当今临床中应用和推广。     

胎盘组织液-同种异体冻干骨与同种异体冻干骨修复颌骨缺损的对照

背景：研究证实,冻干和辐照灭菌的同种异体骨是理想的骨移植材料,不仅具有良好的生物相容性、生物力学特性,而且还保留骨基质中的骨形态发生蛋白和构成形态发生蛋白所必须的一些酶类,具有一定的骨诱导能力。 目的：观察胎盘组织液-同种异体冻干骨修复犬的人工颌骨缺损效果,以同种异体冻干骨为对照。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察性实验,于2007-12/2008-09在哈尔滨医科大学动物实验中心完成。 材料：健康杂种成年犬8只;同种异体冻干骨由湖北联结生物材料有限公司提供;胎盘组织液为广东珠海丽珠制药厂产品,2 mL/支。同种异体冻干骨∶胎盘组织液=(4.0~5.0)∶1。 方法：在犬上、下中切牙、尖牙、第一磨牙根尖相对应的颌骨处分别建立直径1.0 cm类半球型上下颌骨缺损模型共96个实验区,实验组选择大小合适的同种异体冻干骨及骨颗粒按比例浸泡在胎盘组织液呈饱和状,阳性对照组亦将大小合适的同种异体冻干骨及骨颗粒浸泡在生理盐水液呈饱和状,分别放入颌骨缺损处并添满,阴性对照组不植入任何材料。每只犬的实验区均由4个实验组材料、4个阳性对照组材料、4个阴性对照组材料组成。 主要观察指标：术后2,4,8,12周取材进行放射线学和组织学观察。 结果：实验组早期以软骨内化骨为主,晚期以膜内化骨为主,有明显的新骨形成,并与周围骨组织连接良好;阳性对照组可见新生骨,与周围骨组织连接欠佳;阴性对照组骨缺损区中央尚未被骨小梁充满。经组织学测定,术后2,4,8,12周实验组成骨量均高于其他两个对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。 结论：胎盘组织液-同种异体冻干骨复合材料能够积极地促进颌骨缺损的修复并有效缩短修复时间。     

Infectious complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: incidence in matched-related and matched-unrelated transplant settings

Abstract: Background. Bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens frequently cause severe, life‐threatening infections in immunocompromised patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Objective. To compare the frequency of infections in patients with matched‐related (Group A) or with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched‐unrelated donors (Group B). Patients and methods. Patients treated at our transplantation unit between April 2004 and April 2005 were enrolled into this analysis. Documentation comprised demographic data, conditioning treatment, stem cell source, clinical course, as well as microbiological and clinical data and mortality. Results. We analyzed 59 patients, 22 in Group A and 37 in Group B. Both groups were well balanced regarding demographic data. Diagnoses were acute myeloid leukemia (30 of 59 patients, 50.8%), multiple myeloma (15.2%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (11.9%), and chronic myeloid leukemia (10.2%). Patients in Group A developed infections in 95.5% of the cases compared with 97.3% in patients in Group B. Most frequently detected pathogens were Staphylococcus species, human herpesvirus‐6, and Epstein–Barr virus. Three proven fungal infections were detected in Group A compared with 9 proven fungal infections in Group B. Lung infiltrations were observed in equivalent incidence in both groups. Two years after transplantation, 55.9% of patients were alive (Group A: 68.2%; Group B: 48.6%, not significant). Conclusion. Allogeneic SCT from HLA‐matched‐unrelated donors does not have a higher infection risk than patients transplanted from matched‐related donors.     

Blood conservation strategies in major orthopaedic surgery: efficacy, safety and European regulations

Several major orthopaedic surgical procedures may result in significant blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). However, overall concerns about adverse effects of ABT have prompted the review of transfusion practice and the search for transfusion alternatives to decrease or avoid the use of ABT. These strategies include the correction of perioperative anaemia, pharmacological and non-pharmacologic measures to reduce blood loss, preoperative autologous blood donation and perioperative red blood cell salvage. We have reviewed the efficacy and safety of these strategies and where appropriate offer evidence-based recommendations on their use in orthopaedic surgery. We also reviewed the European regulations on ABT alternatives. Pharmacological alternatives need to be used with a total adherence to European regulations in their legal and off-label use. The administration and use of pharmacological agents to stimulate erythropoiesis or reduce blood loss needs to be within the context of attempting to use allogenic blood in a rational manner. As for autologous blood, European Directives cover preoperative autologous blood donation, but not its clinical use, and perioperative red blood cell salvage devices, but not the product yielded by them. Therefore, the development of quality standards and good practice guidelines for perioperative red blood cell salvage, as well as its inclusion in the haemovigilance programme, is urgently needed. Finally, it is noteworthy that some recommendations given for ABT alternatives are not supported by a high level of evidence and that the goal of performing major orthopaedic surgical procedures without the use of ABT may be better accomplished by combining several of these techniques within a defined algorithm.     

The use of cord blood for transfusion purposes: current status

Although the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for transfusion purposes has been proposed decades ago, the employ is still limited. In this article we review studies evaluating UCB collection efficiency and sterility, examine processing and storage of UCB-derived red blood cells (RBC) and discuss clinical studies in which UCB was used for transfusion purposes.
Efforts to provide preterm newborns with autologous RBC derived from UCB have not been very successful. UCB collected after full-term deliveries can however easily be processed into RBC products and could be used autologous in case surgery of the neonate is indicated early after birth, or for allogeneic small volume paediatric transfusions. To harvest enough UCB volume, immediate clamping of the umbilical cord is commonly used as standard practice. Although delayed cord clamping has shown to improve the iron status in full-term infants; for small-for-gestational-age infants this has not been demonstrated. In addition, an increased need for phototherapy after delayed clamping exists. Altogether, we could find no disencouraging evidence to collect UCB, which could be processed into an easily available RBC product for paediatric transfusion in resource-restricted countries.     

Chemically extracted aceUular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes sciatic nerve repair

A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with neurotrophic factors provides a good local environment for neural regeneration. This study investigated the repair of injured rat sciatic nerve using a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor. An autologous nerve anastomosis group and a chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group were prepared as controls. At 8 weeks after repair, sciatic functional index, evoked potential amplitude of the soleus muscle, triceps wet weight recovery rate, total number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness were measured. For these indices, values in the three groups showed the autologous nerve anastomosis group 〉 chemically extracted acellular nerve graft ＋ ciliary neurotrophic factor group 〉 chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group. These results suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor can repair sciatic nerve defects, and that this repair is inferior to autologous nerve anastomosis, but superior to chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve bridging alone.     

预处理前输血对异基因造血干细胞移植疗效的影响

目的探讨预处理前输注血制品对恶性血液病患者异基因造血干细胞移植术后造血功能恢复和急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）发生情况的影响。方法对23例恶性血液病患者行异基因造血干细胞移植术治疗，其中8例于预处理前3个月内有输注血制品史，15例未输。移植过程中常规行aGVHD防治，观察预处理前输注血制品对患者异基因造血干细胞移植术后造血恢复及aGVHD发生情况的影响。结果预处理前输血组中性粒细胞恢复的中位时间为11．5d（11-16d），血小板恢复的中位时间为12．5d（11-16d）；预处理前未输血组中性粒细胞恢复的中位时间为13d（11-17d），血小板恢复的中位时间为13d（9-35d）；两组的造血功能恢复时间差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。预处理前输血组有75％（6／8）的患者发生aGVHD，其中Ⅰ度3例，Ⅲ度1例，超急性（hGVHD）2例；未输血组有60％（9／15）患者发生aGVHD，其中Ⅰ度3例，Ⅱ度3例，Ⅲ度2例，Ⅳ度1例；两组aGVHD发生率差异有统计学意义（P=0．001）。发生aGVHD的患者经治疗均得到有效控制。结论恶性血液病异基因造血干细胞移植患者在移植前短期内输血对造血干细胞的植人及造血功能恢复未产生明显影响，但会增加aGVHD发生的可能性，对这部分患者应加强aGVHD的防治。     

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia: In vitro characterization before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

In previously published studies on patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML), excessive proliferation of malignant monocyte-macrophage elements and impaired growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors were demonstrated. A selective hypersentivity of granulocytemachrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) seems to represent the main pathogenetic mechanism. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been demonstrated to be the only curative strategy for patients with JCML. In this study, we evaluated the growth of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors in semisolid cultures in two children with JCML before and after allogeneic BMT. Serum levels of GM-CSF, interleukin-1 (JCIL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also assessed. IL-1-β, GM-CSF and TNF-α serum levels of the patients before and after BMT did not differ significantly from those obtained in 45 healthy controls. After marrow transplant, the engraftment of donor hematopoietic stem cell was associated with the disappearance of both pretransplant GM-CSF hypersensitivity and CFU-GM spontaneous growth. The inhibitory effect on the growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors also resolved. This confirms that the substitution of the pathological hematopoietic progenitors represents the basis for the curvative effect of allogeneic BMT in the treatment of JCML, abolishing both the excessive responsiveness of JCML progenitor cells even to very low concentrations of GM-CSF and the growth-inhibitory effect on normal hematopoiesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.