Reciprocal Enforcement and Other Collateral Issues With Licensure Discipline

While the fear of liability is generally related to malpractice lawsuits, for nurses, including nurse practitioners (NPs), the greater risk is in licensure discipline. Unlike physicians, NPs are more likely to be disciplined by their board of nursing than they are to be sued in malpractice.¹ In addition, licensure discipline can be more consequential than malpractice lawsuits, because licensing boards have the authority to temporarily, or even permanently, separate an NP from practice. Because punitive action by a nursing board can create other problems, it is important to understand the potential effects of having one’s license disciplined.     

In Utero Exposure to Opioids: An Observational Study of Mothers Involved in the Child Welfare System

Background: Women are underrepresented in the current substance abuse research; however, women are a particularly vulnerable population when it comes to opioid use and abuse. Pregnant women are even more so, because of the potential that exists for in utero exposure (IUE) to substances. Objectives: To identify trends in IUE to opioids in order to ensure that resources are allocated effectively to address the current opioid epidemic and to assist the populations most affected by it. Methods: This study draws on 15 years' worth of clinical assessment data collected from 3598 child welfare-involved mothers to assess for trends in IUE to substances over time. Data from the last 5 year period (N = 852) are then analyzed to identify recent demographic correlates associated with IUE to opioid substances. Results: A substantial increase in the rates of IUE to opioids over the past 15 years is observed among child welfare-involved mothers. Moreover, we find that race is a significant correlate of IUE to opioids. Conclusion: Study findings are consistent with other recent research that demonstrates racial differences in the populations that are most affected by the opioid epidemic; however, more research is needed to determine how these racial differences in rates of IUE to opioids affect child welfare outcomes.     

天津市各警种警务人员有关性传播疾病职业暴露与职业防护的研究

[目的] 了解天津市各警种警务人员对性传播疾病(STD)以及STD职业暴露和职业防护的认知,总结归纳公安民警的职业防护措施,为后期开展职业防护研究提供现实依据。[方法] 将天津市各警务部门人员分为治安警、侦察警、监所警、交通警、其他警共5组,设计针对天津市警务人员的有关STD认知和STD职业暴露认知以及职业防护意识的问卷,各组随机抽取100名民警进行问卷调查。[结果] 1)对STD认知的调查结果:警务人员对STD病种、STD传播途径认知情况较差,且各警种警务人员之间没有区别。2)对STD职业暴露的调查结果:在常见的5种受伤方式中,治安警、侦察警被拳头打伤、被咬伤的几率明显高于监所警、交通警和其他警;对于常见的4种体液接触方式,治安警、侦察警接触血液、带血的呕吐物或排泄物的几率明显高于监所警、交通警和其他警。3)对STD职业防护的调查结果:警务人员对接触血液、体液等污染物后的自我防护意识差,普遍缺乏STD职业防护相关的学习培训,对STD职业防护措施采取不足,且各警种警务人员之间没有区别。[结论] 天津市警务人员对STD认知差,职业暴露风险高,职业防护意识和职业防护措施的采取均存在明显的不足,应该加强相关知识的教育以及培训;警务人员各警种之间比较对STD的认知及职业防护意识和防护措施的采取无明显差异,但治安警、侦察警职业暴露的风险高于监所警、交通警和其他警。     

Earlier Initiation of Community-Based Palliative Care Is Associated With Fewer Unplanned Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Presentations in the Final Months of Life: A Population-Based Study Among Cancer Decedents

Context

Although community-based palliative care (CPC) is associated with decreased acute care use in the lead up to death, it is unclear how the timing of CPC initiation affects this association.

不同海拔高度高原驻训官兵肾脏健康状况分析

 目的 分析不同海拔高度高原驻训官兵肾脏健康状况。方法 随机抽取2021-07至2021-10四川阿坝地区驻训部队575名军人的体检报告进行研究,根据驻训海拔高度分为≤2600 m组(255例)和＞2600 m组(320例)。血清尿素、肌酐、尿酸任何一项指标超出参考值范围即判断为肾功能异常。根据肾脏彩超检查结果,包括肾尿盐结晶、肾结石、肾囊肿、肾钙化灶等记录肾脏病变情况,出现任何一种阳性结果即判断为肾脏彩超异常。结果 575例中,肾功能三项异常者198例(34.43%),尿酸升高176例(30.61%),肌酐升高39例(6.78%),尿素升高7例(1.22%);肾脏彩超检查异常者88例(15.30%),肾尿盐结晶56例(9.74%),肾结石27例(4.70%),肾囊肿12例(2.09%),肾钙化灶1例(0.17%),肾错构瘤1例(0.17%)。＞2600 m组肾功能三项异常、尿酸升高、肾脏彩超异常、肾尿盐结晶和肾囊肿的发生率显著高于≤2600 m组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 高原驻训官兵肾脏检查结果异常多为血清尿酸升高和肾尿盐结晶,且多发生于海拔2600 m以上区域,应重点防治。     

药品管理行政责任与刑事责任创新及完善

目的： 研究规范适用新修订《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的行政责任与刑事责任。方法： 以《药品管理法》修订为视角,从药品管理行政责任与刑事责任的理论基础、实践运行的缺陷入手,借鉴其他国家和地区的立法模式。结果： 从实体上对药品管理行政责任与刑事责任各项制度进一步细化完善。结论： 行政责任、刑事责任构成药品管理法律责任的核心内容,新修订的《药品管理法》法律责任部分有了较大的变化,必须加强对药品管理法律责任的研究,细化完备各项制度,促进药品管理行政责任与刑事责任的有效实施。