烟酸对兔脂肪细胞分泌脂联素的影响

目的:探讨烟酸对高胆固醇血症兔血清脂联素及正常兔脂肪细胞分泌脂联素的影响.方法:将10只新西兰大白兔饲以高胆固醇饲料8周后,随机分为高脂淀粉组(5只)和高脂烟酸组(5只),后者在高胆固醇饮食基础上给予烟酸缓释片0.4 g/(kg·d)共6周;另设普通饲料对照组(5只),于第14周末取皮下脂肪组织行脂肪细胞培养,以不同浓度烟酸孵育兔脂肪细胞24 h后提取上清液.采用ELISA方法分别测定兔血清及上清液中脂联素的浓度.结果:高脂淀粉组兔血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)轻度升高;烟酸干预后,血TC和LDL-C明显降低(P＜0.001),HDL-C明显升高(P＜0.001).8周时高脂组血清脂联素浓度为(1.268±0.039)mg/L,明显低于对照组的(1.449±0.107)mg/L(P＜0.01),经治疗后,脂联素水平明显升高至(1.444±0.057)mg/L,且与HDL-C呈正相关,与TC和LDL-C呈负相关.体外干预实验发现,烟酸促进正常脂肪细胞分泌脂联素,呈浓度依赖性.结论:高胆固醇血症兔脂肪细胞脂联素分泌明显减少,烟酸能显著促进脂联素的分泌,提示烟酸可能有独立于降脂外的升高脂联素的作用.     

Signalling pathways identified in salivary glands from primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients reveal enhanced adipose tissue development

A characteristic feature of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is the destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands mediated by mononuclear cell infiltration. Adipocytes can also occupy a large portion of the salivary gland (SG) tissue area, although little is known about their significance in pSS. We have previously investigated adipose tissue infiltration in SG biopsies from pSS patients and non-SS sicca controls. Our findings indicated the distinct incidence of adipose tissue replacement in pSS patients, where adipocytes were detected in interleukin (IL) 6 rich regions. We now aimed to examine the development of adipocytes in the SG microenvironment, and delineate their possible involvement in immune reactions. A microarray analysis was performed on SG from 6 pSS patients and 6 non-SS controls, where the expression levels of genes involved in adipose tissue development, inflammatory responses, and lymphoma development were assessed. Real-time PCR was carried out on SG from 14 pSS patients and 15 non-SS controls to account for IL6, IL10, and IL17 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen SG tissue using IL17 was also conducted. Our results indicate signalling pathways identified in SG of pSS patients displayed genes leading to prominent adipose tissue development and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (ARID5B, OXCT1, BDH1, SOX8, HMGCS2, FTO, ECHS1, PCCA, ACADL and ACADVL), inflammatory responses (IL1R1, IL7R, IL10RA, IL15, IL18RAP, CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, CXCR6, CD14, and CD48), and lymphoma development via JAK-STAT signalling (STAT2, TYK2, EBI3, FAS, TNFRSF1B, MAP3K8, HMOX1, LTB, TNF, STAT1, and BAK1). Genes involved in interferon production and signalling were also detected (IRF1, IRF9, and IRF7), in addition to IL6, IL10, and IL17. Higher mRNA levels of IL6, IL17 and IL10 were observed in the SG of pSS patients compared to controls. Moreover, IL17 positive cells were detected mostly interstitially in the SG and around adipocytes, also within the focal infiltrates. In conclusion, adipocyte development seems to be more prominent in the SG of pSS patients, where adipose tissue replacement is also evident. Whether this is due to disease progression, or the repair process, remains to be investigated. Detection of IL17 positive adipocytes in the target organ suggests their involvement in immune reactions.     

向成骨细胞和成脂肪细胞分化的小鼠骨间充质干细胞调节单核细胞来源的破骨细胞发育

为探究分化阶段的骨间充质干细胞对于破骨细胞的影响,将小鼠密质骨来源的间充质干细胞体外诱导分化,研究其对于破骨细胞发育的调控作用。从小鼠密质骨中分离培养得到间充质干细胞,将其进行成骨和成脂肪诱导1周,分别将成骨分化和成脂肪分化的间充质干细胞与CD11b+的单核细胞共同培养,并以抗酒石酸的酸性磷酸酶染色鉴定破骨细胞。结果表明:向成骨分化和成脂肪分化的间充质干细胞均可以调节单核细胞向破骨细胞分化。与未分化的间充质干细胞相比,成骨分化的间充质干细胞促进破骨细胞发育的作用减弱,而成脂肪分化的间充质干细胞促进破骨细胞发育的作用增强。结论:间充质干细胞调节破骨细胞发育的能力在其分化为不同种类细胞后发生相应变化,提示间充质干细胞通过分化为子代细胞而对破骨细胞发育发挥选择性的调节。     

体外分离培养人源性脂肪间充质干细胞及其鉴定

目的 体外分离培养人皮下脂肪来源的细胞群,依据国际标准规定通过形态观察、免疫表型检测及多种分化潜能的鉴定证实体外获得的细胞群为脂肪来源的间充质干细胞.方法 采用0.1％胶原酶Ⅰ及0.25％胰酶双消化法进行细胞的体外分离,LG-DMEM培养基加入体积分数为10％胎牛血清,于37℃、5％ CO2的饱和湿度条件下培养,待细胞生长至70％ ～ 80％融合时消化传代扩增.通过倒置显微镜观察细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型表达;取第3代细胞,于培养基中分别加入成骨及成脂诱导剂进行定向诱导分化,并对诱导后的细胞染色鉴定.结果 分离培养的细胞群呈长梭状,漩涡样贴壁生长;流式细胞仪检测P2代细胞,其中CD73,CD105,C90,CD44,CD29及CD49d呈阳性表达,而CD14,CD34,CD45,HLA-DR及CD106呈阴性表达;成骨诱导3周后,茜素红染色、VON-KOSSA染色及细胞碱性磷酸酶染色都呈阳性;成脂诱导2周后,细胞内有小脂滴出现,油红O染色呈阳性.结论 胶原酶胰酶双消化法从脂肪组织中分离获得的细胞可贴壁生长;流式细胞仪检测证实细胞表达与间充质干细胞相符的免疫表型;定向诱导后具有成骨及成脂分化能力;符合间充质干细胞的特性.     

吉非贝齐对血脂异常兔血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白的影响

目的观察吉非贝齐短期干预对高胆固醇血症兔血清及脂肪组织分泌脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(AFABP)的影响。方法 15只新西兰大白兔随机分为3组:对照组.高胆固醇组.吉非贝齐组,每组5只。用RT-PCR法测定脂肪组织AFABP mRNA的表达;ELISA法检测血清及脂肪组织培养液中AFABP水平。结果高胆固醇组和吉非贝齐组兔饲养第8周及第12周血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);吉非贝齐组兔第12周体重较第8周明显下降(P<0.05),同时血清和脂肪组织培养的上清液中AFABP水平明显低于高胆固醇组(P<0.05);高胆固醇组和吉非贝齐组脂肪组织AFABP mRNA的表达明显高于对照组,但吉非贝齐组兔脂肪组织AFABP mRNA的表达明显低于高胆固醇组(P<0.05)。结论吉非贝齐能降低高胆固醇饮食饲养兔体重,并降低血清及脂肪组织分泌的AFABP,这一作用可能有利于防治动脉粥样硬化及肥胖。     

双(α-呋喃甲酸)氧钒对胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖摄取的影响

目的探讨新型的有机羧酸氧钒配合物双(α-呋喃甲酸)氧钒(BFOV)对正常及胰岛素抵抗的3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖摄取的影响。方法采用地塞米松诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞建立胰岛素抵抗的细胞模型,研究双(α-呋喃甲酸)氧钒对正常及胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖消耗的影响。结果双(α-呋喃甲酸)氧钒(2.5μmol·L-1~40μmol·L-1)对正常的3T3-L1脂肪细胞仅有增加葡萄糖消耗量的趋势,与空白对照组比较,差异无显著性;但能明显增加地塞米松诱导的胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,改善模型细胞的胰岛素抵抗状态。结论双(α-呋喃甲酸)氧钒能促进胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取,改善胰岛素抵抗状态。     

Triiodothyronine and amiodarone effects on β3-adrenoceptor density and lipolytic response to the β3-adrenergic agonist BRL 37344 in rat white adipocytes

Summary— The β-adrenergic effects of catecholamines are potentiated by thyroid hormones in adipose tissue. Amiodarone (AM) is structurally similar to thyroid hormones and was used to explore the mechanism of the triiodothyronine (T₃) effect on β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in adipose tissue. AM decreases the expression of some T₃ sensitive genes in various tissues and antagonizes the effect of T₃ on its nuclear receptors. In this study, the T₃, AM and AM + T₃ effects on the β1- and β₃-AR density were assessed on rat white adipocytes by radioligand binding using [³H]CGP 12177 after characterization of these subtypes by displacement of [³H]CGP 12177 binding by isoproterenol, BRL 37344 and noradrenaline. BRL 37344 was used to study β₃-AR lipolysis. White adipocytes from hyperthyroid rats had increased responsiveness (E_max × 2) and sensitivity (+ 38%) to BRL 37344, while those given AM alone had decreased values. Moreover, AM antagonized the T₃ effect on lipolysis. The β₁-binding characteristics (receptor density [B_max]: 45 ± 4 fmol/mg of proteins; dissociation factor [K_d]: 0.96 ± 0.10 nM) were not modified by either compound. Finally, T₃ significantly increased β₃-AR density (587 ± 69 versus 363 ± 25 fmol/mg of proteins) and K_d (38 ± 2 versus 23 ± 3 nM), while AM alone had no effect and did not antagonize the T₃ effect on β₃-AR number. In conclusion, the hyperthyroid state in the rat potentiated the lipolytic response of white adipocytes to a specific β₃-agonist and increased the β₃-AR density without changing in β₁-AR number and affinity. Furthermore, the lack of antagonism between AM and T₃ on β₃-AR expression suggests that T₃ does not work directly on the β₃-AR gene. Moreover, AM induced a functional tissular hypothyroid-like effect and its antilipolytic effect probably occurred at a postreceptor level.