miRNA在前列腺癌中的研究进展

前列腺癌(PCa)是男性泌尿系最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,微小RNA(miRNA)是一类内源性的非编码小RNA,研究发现miRNA与PCa的发生和发展密切相关,多种miRNA在PCa中表达异常。本文通过描述miRNA在PCa中表达差异及其与预后的相关性,进一步分析miRNA与放化疗、雄激素受体,以及PCa转移的相关性,来阐明miRNA在PCa发生发展中的的作用。     

左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉的临床分析（附5例报告）

目的：回顾分析左冠状动脉异常起源肺动脉（anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery,ALCAPA）的临床表现和辅助检查,探讨其影像学征象及其原因。方法：回顾分析本院2006年4月至2008年8月共5例经手术明确诊断的ALCAPA的临床及胸片、彩色超声心动图、CT等影像资料。结果：5例心血管造影及1例冠脉CT造影均明确诊断ALCAPA,其中3例左冠主干及其分支均起源于肺动脉,诊断完全型ALcAPA,2例仅左冠分支起源于肺动脉,诊断部分型ALCAPA;所有病例经手术征实。结论：心血管造影目前仍是诊断ALCAPA的金标准,且利用64排螺旋CT进行冠脉CT造影,具有检查时间短,无创伤性,分辨率高,可以后处理等优点。     

来氟米特对MRL/1pr狼疮鼠疗效及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的影响

目的：观察来氟米特（LEF）对MRI/1pr狼疮鼠的疗效及与单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）之间的关系。方法：采用考马斯亮蓝染色、ELISA、HE染色及免疫荧光技术检测尿蛋白、抗ds-DNA抗体、血清肌酐;通过ELISA、免疫组化、Westem B1ot及RT-PCR技术了解LEF组及对照组血清、尿液、肾脏中MCP-1的表达水平。结果：（1）LEF组24h尿蛋白、抗ds-DNA抗体滴度、血肌酐均显著低于对照组,肾小球硬化、间质纤维化程度、炎性细胞浸润、新月体形成率、IgG及IgM沉积较对照组均显著降低;（2）LEF组血清、尿液及肾脏组织中的MCP-1水平较对照组显著降低。结论：LEF通过抑制MCP-1的表达而发挥治疗狼疮性肾炎（LN）的作用。     

血清IL-6联合淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值对严重烧伤患儿脓毒血症诊断及预后评估的价值

目的 探讨血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）联合淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值（LMR）对严重烧伤患儿脓毒血症诊断及预后评估的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析郑州大学附属儿童医院和郑州市第一人民医院2015年12月—2020年6月收治的78例重度及以上烧伤患儿的临床资料,收集患儿入院时、伤后7 d、伤后14 d、伤后21 d的血常规及血清IL-6结果。根据患儿是否出现脓毒血症,分为脓毒血症组与非脓毒血症组;根据患儿预后结局,分为生存组和死亡组。同时综合考虑患儿性别、年龄、烧伤总面积（TBSA）、是否伴有吸入性损伤、是否行机械通气等指标,比较不同组之间的差异;受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线预测伤后7 d及伤后14 d IL-6联合LMR对脓毒血症的诊断价值;Kaplan-Meier法预测IL-6及LMR对严重烧伤患儿生存率的影响。结果 脓毒血症组与非脓毒血症组患儿是否伴有吸入性损伤、是否行机械通气、TBSA、淋巴细胞绝对数及伤后7 d、伤后14 d、伤后21 d IL-6水平和LMR比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;生存组与死亡组是否行机械通气、有无脓毒血症、TBSA、IL-6水平和LMR比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;IL-6与TBSA呈正相关（P <0.05）,LMR与TBSA呈负相关（P <0.05）;伤后7 d ROC曲线分析结果显示,IL-6联合LMR诊断脓毒血症的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.767,敏感性为93.9%,特异性为59.3%,比单独IL-6诊断更有效（P <0.05）;伤后14 d IL-6联合LMR的AUC为0.713,敏感性为93.9%,特异性为69.0%,比单独IL-6诊断更有效（P <0.05）;Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,伤后7 d低LMR组和高LMR组患儿住院期间总生存率分别为54.0%和94.8%,伤后14 d低LMR组和高LMR组患儿住院期间总生存率分别为25.0%和98.4%。伤后7 d低IL-6组和高IL-6组严重烧伤患儿住院期间的总生存率分别为98.0%和55.6%,伤后14 d低IL-6组和高IL-6组总生存率分别为100.0%和45.8%。结论 对严重烧伤患儿,伤后7 d、伤后14 d IL-6联合LMR对脓毒血症诊断及患儿预后评估具有更好的临床指导意义。     

Perspectives on Pap Test Follow-Up Care Among Rural Appalachian Women

Approximately one- to three-quarters of women notified of abnormal Pap test results do not receive appropriate follow-up care, dramatically elevating their risk for invasive cervical cancer. We explored barriers to and facilitators of follow-up care for women in two counties in Appalachian Kentucky, where invasive cervical cancer incidence and mortality are significantly higher than the national average. In-depth interviews were conducted among 27 Appalachian women and seven local health department personnel. Those who had been told of an atypical Pap test result tended to have one of three reactions: (1) not alarmed and generally did not obtain follow-up care; (2) alarmed and obtained follow-up care; or (3) alarmed, but did not obtain care. Each of these typologies appeared to be shaped by a differing set of three categories of influences: personal factors; procedure/provider/system factors; and ecological/community factors. Recommendations to increase appropriate follow-up care included pursuing research on explanations for these typologies and developing tailored interventions specific to women in each of the response types.     

Increased inducible heat shock protein 72 expression associated with PBMC isolated from patients with haematological tumours

Abstract

Background. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is a highly inducible stress protein and molecular chaperone. Cancers have been shown to be associated with increased Hsp72 expression within the tumour itself and this may lead to resistance to apoptosis. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (n =?27) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) (n =?16) and Hsp72 expression was characterized on both the cell surface and intracellularly by flow cytometry. To allow for comparison PBMC from breast cancer patients (n =?25) and healthy volunteers (n =?19) were included. Results. Both lymphocytes and monocytes from CLL and CMML patients showed high levels of total Hsp72 expression (4–6 fold increase) in comparison to breast cancer and healthy subjects. The majority of Hsp72 in these tumours was determined to be cell-surface expressed (64–93% of cell total Hsp72). Conclusions. A correlation was observed between lymphocyte and monocyte total Hsp72 expression (p <?0.001) suggesting a common stress response pathway may exist in these blood cells and there are stress conditions present within the circulation. Hsp72 expression was not found to be related to white blood cell count.     

Effects of tropism and virulence of Leishmania parasites on cytokine production by infected human monocytes

The nature of early interactions between Leishmania and macrophages which determine the outcome of infection can be related directly to parasite biological properties. Here we compared the capacity of L. major (Lm) strains, reported to be high (LmHV) and low virulent and (LmLV) in the mouse model and L. infantum (Li) strains, dermotropic (LiD) and viscerotropic (LiV), to infect and modulate cytokine production in human peripheral blood derived monocytes. Monocytes were infected with metacyclic promastigotes for 24, 48 and 72 h. Parasite burden was significantly higher in Lm‐ than in Li‐infected monocytes. LmHV and LiD induced a significantly higher parasite burden than LmLV and LiV respectively. Cytokine production was evaluated in monocytes infected for 24 h. Contrary to interleukin (IL)‐12p70, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β production was increased significantly in infected monocytes with no differences between strains. Lm isolates induced significantly higher quantities of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α than Li isolates. Low levels of IL‐10 were induced by all Leishmania strains and, interestingly, co‐stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was accompanied by a dramatic increase in IL‐10 production by infected monocytes. In conclusion, Lm isolates displaying different levels of virulence in mice exhibited significant differences in parasite burden but similar abilities to modulate cytokine production in human monocytes. Li strains showed weaker infectivity and TNF‐α inducing‐capacity compared with Lm strains. The dramatic increase of IL‐10 production in infected monocytes co‐stimulated by LPS may play a role in disease progression considering the presence of LPS during bacterial superinfections observed during human leishmaniasis.     

Major Hepatectomy Induces Phenotypic Changes in Circulating Dendritic Cells and Monocytes

Introduction  Patients undergoing major hepatectomy are at increased risk for post-operative morbidity and mortality, and changes in the phenotype of effector cells may predispose these patients to infectious sequelae. Methods  To better understand post-hepatectomy immune responses, peripheral blood from 15 hepatectomy patients was drawn immediately before and after liver resection and on post-operative days 1, 3, and 5. Circulating monocytes and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for quantity, phenotype, activation status, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression, and toll-like receptor-2 and -4 expression. Results  Major hepatectomy increased the numbers of activated CD16^bright blood monocytes and the percentage of activated dendritic cells, although monocyte HLA-DR expression was reduced. These results may represent both dysfunctional antigen presentation and pending anergy, as well as cellular priming of immune effector cells. Better understanding of the alterations in innate immunity induced by hepatectomy may identify strategies to reduce infectious outcomes.     

Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an intractable skin disorder characterized by the development of erythematous pustules or nodules that rapidly progress to destructive, necrotizing, non-infective ulcers. We assessed the efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP) therapy in two new patients, a 67-year-old man with ulcerations on his lower leg, and a 44-year-old man with turgid erythematous lesions with burrowing abscesses and sinus formation on his hip, groin, and thighs. Both patients received 10 GCAP treatments at 5-day intervals. Their skin lesions responded well. The 9 cmx6 cm ulcer on the lower right leg of the 67-year-old patient was completely covered by regenerated skin at the completion of therapy. The turgid skin lesions containing pustules and ulcers of the other patient showed amelioration and a marked decrease in the volume of exudate. Our results suggest that GCAP is a useful treatment modality for pyoderma gangrenosum.     

Different effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on adhesion capacity of fibroblasts and monocytes

This study investigated the effect of infection with the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii , in combination with the concomitant cytokine environment (IFN-γ/TNF-α), on adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells to MRC-5 fibroblasts. Surprisingly, infection of THP-1 cells decreased their adhesion to the MRC-5 cell monolayer. This decrease was compensated by IFN-γ/TNF-α stimulation. In contrast, infection of MRC-5 cells significantly increased adhesion, which was synergistically augmented by cytokine stimulation. Levels of ICAM-1 (CD54) on MRC-5 cells, as well as LFA-1 (CD11a) on THP-1 cells, were not changed by infection, neither in resting, nor in cytokine stimulated cells. These results show that T. gondii infection alters adhesion properties and reactivity to cytokine stimulation in a cell-specific way.