新乡市市售散装盐腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量

目的了解新乡市市售散装盐腌菜中亚硝酸盐的含量。方法采集新乡市市区散装盐腌菜共206份样品,采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法检测其亚硝酸盐的含量。结果本次调查的新乡市市售散装盐腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量的合格率为99.03%(204/206)。结论新乡市市售的散装盐腌菜中亚硝酸盐含量基本合格。     

野生与栽培黄芩中总黄酮及黄芩苷含量的比较研究

目的：比较野生黄芩与栽培黄芩中总黄酮及黄芩苷的含量。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定黄芩中总黄酮的含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷的含量,比较野生黄芩与人工栽培黄芩中总黄酮及黄芩苷含量的差异。结果：野生黄芩总黄酮的含量为16.31±2.91%,栽培黄芩总黄酮的含量为25.60±3.03%,存在显著性差异（P=0.005）;野生黄芩黄芩苷的含量为8.46±1.23%,栽培黄芩黄芩苷的含量为11.66±1.36%,存在显著性差异（P=0.016）。栽培黄芩总黄酮和黄芩苷的含量显著高于野生黄芩。结论：从总黄酮和黄芩苷含量角度而言,栽培黄芩优于野生黄芩,可以替代野生黄芩用于临床和实际应用。     

四川省野生天麻资源调查研究

目的:为天麻资源的保护及持续利用提供科学依据。方法:查阅相关文献及标本,结合市场产销信息及网络信息,确定了峨眉山、马边县、康定县、泸定县、丹巴县、青川县、平武县为主要调查区域,并进行了走访和样方调查。结果:四川地区野生天麻主要为黄天麻,集中分布在海拔800～3130m、经度101°41′～105°29′、纬度29°01′～32°26′区域内亚高山落叶阔叶林、竹林,生境土壤为弱酸性的山地黄棕壤,总蕴藏量为6600kg。结论:年降雨量、相对湿度和年均日照时数可能是影响野生天麻资源分布的关键因素。     

Wild bitter gourd extract up-regulates mRNA expression of PPARα, PPARγ and their target genes in C57BL/6J mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser.) was commonly used as a medicinal herb in Asia, Africa, and South America because of its anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-viral, and chemopreventive functions.

Materials and methods

C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg BW of WBGE in 0.2 mL/mouse of olive oil daily for 2 weeks.

Results

Compared to control (vehicle treated) mice, mice receiving WBGE showed significantly higher PPARα, ACO (acyl-CoA oxidase) and L-FABP (liver-fatty acid binding protein) mRNA expression, ACO activity and protein in the liver (P < 0.05), as clofibrate-treated mice. WBGE treatment also resulted in significantly higher PPARγ and LPL (lipoprotein lipase) mRNA (P < 0.05) in the epididymal adipose tissue. Liver triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentration in WBGE treated mice were significantly lower than those of control mice (P < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin level was significantly higher in mice receiving WBGE than in control mice (P < 0.05), as the rosiglitazone treated mice.

Conclusion

Results of this study demonstrated that WBGE also activates PPARα and PPARγ signaling pathway in vivo.     

Phenolic acids determination by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS in sixteen different Portuguese wild mushrooms species

Analysis of phenolic compounds in sixteen Portuguese wild mushrooms species has been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector and mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS). No flavonoids were detected in the analysed samples, but diverse phenolic acids namely protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids, and two vanillic acid isomers were found and quantified. A related non-phenolic compound, cinnamic acid, was also detected in some samples, being the only compound found in Cantharellus cibarius (14.97 mg/kg, dry matter), Lycoperdon perlatum (14.36 mg/kg) and Macrolepiota procera (21.53 mg/kg). p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was found in the majority of the samples, being the most abundant compound in Agaricus silvicola (238.7 mg/kg). Ramaria botrytis showed the highest phenolic acids concentration (356.7 mg/kg) due to the significant contribution of protocatechuic acid (342.7 mg/kg).     

Avian influenza virus: Of virus and bird ecology

The recent introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds and its subsequent spread throughout Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe has put a focus on the role of wild birds in the geographical spread of HPAI H5N1 virus. Large-scale surveillance programs are ongoing to determine a potential role of wild birds in H5N1 virus spread and to serve as sentinel systems for introductions into new geographical regions. The unprecedented scale and coverage of these surveillance programs offer a unique opportunity to expand our current knowledge on the ecology of LPAI in wild migratory birds. We provide an update on the current knowledge on the relation between host and virus ecology.     

Nutrients, bioactive non-nutrients and anti-nutrients in potatoes

Globally, potatoes account for only about 2% of the food energy supply, yet they are the predominant staple for many countries. In developed countries, potatoes account for 540 kJ (130 kcal) per person per day, while in developing countries, it is only 170 kJ (42 kcal) per person per day. In addition to energy, which is derived almost entirely from their carbohydrate content, many varieties of potatoes contribute nutritionally important amounts of dietary fibre (up to 3.3%), ascorbic acid (up to 42 mg/100 g), potassium (up to 693.8 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (up to 2700 mcg/100 g), and antioxidant phenols such as chlorogenic acid (up to 1570 mcg/100 g) and its polymers, and anti-nutrients such as α-solanine (0.001–47.2 mg/100 g); and lesser amounts of protein (0.85–4.2%), amino acids, other minerals and vitamins, and other beneficial and harmful bioactive components. Nutrient content depends on a number of factors, with variety being among the most important. Potato biodiversity is vast, with more than 4000 known varieties. Most belong to the species Solanum tuberosum, but another 10 species are cultivated and 200 wild species have been identified. Modern agricultural practices and climate change are contributing to the loss of potato biodiversity, and thus the loss of the genes coding for nutrient biosynthetic pathways. Knowledge of differences in nutrient composition of potatoes related to their genetic diversity will help guide strategies that may contribute to reducing biodiversity loss and improving food and nutrition security.     

野山参与移山参、栽培参的鉴定技术研究

[目的 ]　建立鉴别野山参、移山参、栽培参的科学方法。 [方法 ]　采用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)新方法对野山参与栽培参进行鉴定。 [结果 ]　野山参和栽培参DNA用经过筛选的引物扩增结果显示两者有一定差异 ,虽然很小 ,但通过RAPD筛选引物 ,能找到合适的引物加以检测。 [结论 ]　应用RAPD方法作为人参 (药材 )的鉴定是灵敏的 ,而且稳定、实用 ,为高科技手段渗透到传统中药材开发、营销等方面起到不可估量的作用     

Factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among adults

Background: The higher consumption of fruit and vegetables is considered to be an indicator of healthy eating and the protective effects of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption for noncommunicable diseases have been investigated extensively. The present study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), health behaviours and socio‐demographic factors among adult Canadians. Methods: This analysis was based on the information from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 3.1. Daily intake of fruit and vegetables from a total number of 15 512 apparently healthy individuals, aged 18–64 years, were assessed using a structured questionnaire, which included 20 questions on the frequency of consumption of different types of fruit and vegetables. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between FVI and some socio‐economic factors and lifestyle behaviour among adult Canadians. Results: In total 77% of Canadian adults consumed fruit and vegetables less than five times per day. Females were more likely to consume more fruit [odds ratio (OR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–2.4], vegetables (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.65–2.29) and FV (OR 2.52; 95% CI 2.20–2.90) than males. Single/never married individuals, individuals with higher levels of education, never smokers, former drinkers and older people reported more consumption of fruit and vegetables than others. Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study indicate an association between FVI and some socio‐economic and healthy lifestyle behaviours, and that a substantial gap exists between the recommended level and the actual intake of the FV among the Canadian population. Because a higher intake of FV improves public health, it is imperative to tailor nutrition education at the individual and community levels in Canadian populations.     

Estimation of proximate composition,micronutrients and phytochemical compounds in traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands

In present study, 10 preferred traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, were analysed for nutritional profiles. Moisture content in their edible parts ranged from 83.43 to 94.78%. Maximum ash content was recorded in Portulaca oleracea, crude protein in Colocasia esculenta, crude fibre in Eryngium foetidum and fat in E. foetidum. Phosphorus was maximum in Ipomea aquatica, potassium in C. esculenta, zinc, calcium and manganese in Centella asiatica, copper in Sauropus androgynous, sodium and iron in P. oleracea, magnesium in Amaranthus viridi and cobalt in C. esculenta. Maximum polyphenol was recorded in Hibiscus sabdariffa, carotenoids in A. viridi, ascorbic acid in Saursops androgynus, anthocyanin in C. esculenta and chlorophyll in S. androgynus. Antioxidant activity was maximum in P. oleracea. Positive correlation was observed between polyphenol and tannin content and also between antioxidant activity and photochemicals. The developed nutritional profiles is being used in health and nutrition related schemes in Islands.