基于职业岗位的高职药学人才培养方案的课程构建

目的通过调研药学专业毕业生的职业岗位任务,探索高职药学人才培养方案。方法调研高职药学生的就业岗位,分析执行工作任务时所必须具备的专业知识、能力和素质,制定以职业岗位导向的人才培养方案。结果结合职业岗位制定实用性人才培养方案。结论制定切合职业岗位的人才培养方案,更好地提高高职药学专业人才培养质量。     

盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响

目的探讨盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺汽化电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响。方法将60例老年前列腺汽化电切患者随机分为实验组和对照组各30例,两组按老年前列腺汽化电切术后护理常规进行护理,实验组在此基础上实施盆底肌锻练,术后3个月评价患者排尿功能情况,比较两组术后尿频、尿急、尿失禁发生率。结果实验组术后发生尿频1例（4％）,尿急2例（7％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度4例（14％）、Ⅱ度2例（7％）;对照组术后发生尿频6例（20％）,尿急5例（17％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度9例（30％）、Ⅱ度4例（14％）、Ⅲ度1例（4％）;两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论盆底肌锻炼是一种简单、易行、有效的方法,能有效预防和降低术后尿失禁的发生,对缩短术后尿失禁的持续时间有积极的作用。     

神经外科就业实习护生的带教与培训

随着我国医药卫生体制改革的不断深化,临床护理逐渐从功能制转变为整体护理。作为即将进入工作岗位就业实习的护生来说,难以适应当前的岗位要求。神经外科是医院风险高发区域,因此要有针对性进行岗前培训。通过重视护生的入科宣教、合理安排带教、保证教学内容落到实处、注重提高带教水平、加强教师素质培养、组织小讲座、引导护生自主学习、培养护生观察、解决问题的能力及应急能力等方面的实施,使护生顺利完成实习与工作之间的衔接。     

Utilization of a training portfolio in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: the example of the French platform-EPIFORM

Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery requires learning both theoretical knowledge and technical skills. In this surgical field, several disparities exist between the different training programs around the world. This report describes the implementation of a portfolio in the teaching and assessment of French trainees in Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, following an electronic logbook model, aiming to improve the training program. The French surgical course is a twelve semesters’ curriculum divided in 3 parts, each part containing knowledge, technical skills and behaviors objectives to be validated, defined by the French College of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery. The competencies are marked in the logbook, following a declarative model where the surgical trainee fills every surgical procedure attended (all or part) if he/she has observed, partially or fully performed, or supervised another trainee. All the surgical procedures are linked to theoretical e-learning lessons and each e-learning lesson includes a self-evaluation. This constitutes a competency-based assessment model with milestones both for surgeon trainees and their mentors. This portfolio also contains complementary tools such as an automated publication point calculation, a formatted curriculum vitae generator, and several contact tools between trainees. Implementation of a dedicated portfolio following an electronic logbook model appears to be a relevant pedagogic tool and survey element in the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery training program. Its use may lead to potential educational benefits for the trainee, reliable competency assessment for the supervising surgeon and for scientific society or national college.     

Continuity of care in patients with type 2 diabetes in Croatian primary care setting during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study

AimTo examine the differences in the continuity of health care for type 2 diabetic patients before and during COVID pandemic in family medicine depending on whether the physician who provided care finished vocational training in family medicine or not.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal research lasted from 2018 to 2020 in eight family medicine practices on 648 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed before 2018, and without Sars-Cov2 infection in previous medical history in Zagreb, Croatia. Follow-up parameters (HbA1c, LDL, eGFR, blood pressure, BMI, eye fundus and neurological findings, number of check-ups and vaccination against the flu) were noted before (2018, 2019), and in the COVID period (2020) in the care of family medicine specialists (FMPs) and without it (FMPws).ResultsNo differences were found between the gender and age of patients. A decrease was seen in existing laboratory findings (64–47%, P < 0.001), eye fundus check-ups (39–37%, P = NS), neurologist check-ups (28–25%, P = NS) and FMP check-ups (382–321, P < 0.001) during the COVID period with significant differences between FMPs and FMPws. Significant changes were seen in LDL cholesterol (2.7–2.4 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and eGFR (83–80 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.002), but BMI, blood pressure and HbA1c (>7% had 42% of patients) values did not differ during the COVID period.ConclusionAccording to the observed parameters, the continuity of care for diabetic patients in Zagreb has worsened during the COVID pandemic but remained significantly better in care of FMPs than in FMPws, without differences in achieving target values of follow-up parameters.     

医学生临床技能培训指标体系的探索与实践

目的：为提高本院临床实习医学生的培养质量,制订科学合理的符合医学生实习需要的临床技能培训指标体系,探索其推广应用的可行性。方法随机抽取2013年7月~2014年7月进入本院实习的医学生50名作为改革组,按照临床技能培训指标体系进行培养考核,与2011年7月~2013年7月常规培养的50名学员(对照组)考核成绩进行比较。结果改革组考核成绩较对照组有明显提高,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医学生临床技能培训指标体系注重医学生个体化培养,较常规培养模式更加完善,有显著优越性,应向全院各科室进一步推广。     

对新护士进行积极心理健康知识培训的效果研究

目的：探讨对新护士进行积极心理健康(PMH)知识培训的效果。方法选择本院2014年7~9月新入职的26名护士,对其进行PMH知识培训,于培训前后采用幸福进取者问卷(HEIQ)和护生职业认同调查问卷(NSPIQ)评价培训效果。结果培训前,新护士HEIQ、NSPIQ评分的总分为(3.48±0.41)、(101.43±12.85)分,培训后分别为(4.21±0.58)、(127.05±15.16)分,培训前后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.24、6.57,P<0.01)。结论对新护士进行PMH知识培训能够提高其职业认同感。     

Effects of aerobic training and resistance training in reducing cardiovascular disease risk for patients with prediabetes: A multi-center randomized controlled trial

AimsAerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) can reduce blood glucose and type 2 diabetes risk, and increase muscle mass for prediabetes patients. However, the impact of long-term AT and RT on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of AT and RT on CVD risk reduction in prediabetes patients.Materials and methods248 prediabetes patients were enrolled in this multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: RT (n = 82), aerobic training (AT (n = 83)), and control group (n = 83). Participants in RT and AT groups had moderate RT or AT 3 times a week (150 min/week) under supervision in 3 research centers for 24 months. Primary outcome was CVD risk measured by Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and The Chinese 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk assessment tool. Secondary outcomes included in HOMA2-IR, HbA1c, blood pressure and serum lipid profile.ResultsBoth RT and AT groups experienced a significant reduction in HOMA2-IR, HbA1c, LDL-C, TC, SBP, and DBP at the end of 12 and 24 months. Compared to the control group, Both RT and AT groups had significant reduction of the Chinese 10-year ICVD risk (P < 0.05), but FRS CVD risk declined significantly only in the AT group (all P < 0.05). Although FRS CVD risk decreased more in the RT group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. After adjusting for age, gender, statin use, BMI, and WHR, in COX’s proportional hazard model, RT (HR = 0.419, P = 0.037) and AT (HR = 0.310, P = 0.026) were protective factors for CVD risk in prediabetes patients. 24-month RT and AT decreased respectively 58.1% and 69.0% of CVD risk (10-year ICVD risk assessment) in prediabetes patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that 24-month moderate AT reduces the Chinese 10-year ICVD risk and FRS CVD risk in prediabetes patients. RT groups had significant reduction of CVD risk (10-year ICVD risk assessment) in prediabetes patients.Trial registrationClinical trial registration number: NCT 02561377.Date of registration24/09/2015.     

Activity training on the ground in children with cerebral palsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To systematically review the evidence about whether activity training on the ground is effective on activity or participation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in databases using relevant keywords. RCTs were included with children (≤18 years) with cerebral palsy who received activity training on the ground only or activity training on the ground combined with another type of physiotherapy. Outcome measures classified as measures of activity or participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health were analyzed. Results: Nine RCTs (257 participants) were included in this review. Individual studies resulted in conflicting results when activity training on the ground was compared to no intervention. Based on meta-analysis, activity training on the ground was not more effective than no intervention (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.18; confidence interval [CI]: ?1.49 to 1.86) or other therapies (SMD: ?0.09; CI: ?0.86 to 0.69) (I² > 75%) on improving activity or participation. Results from a single study demonstrated that activity training on the ground combined with other physiotherapy intervention was not more effective than no intervention (SMD: ?0.18 CI: ?0.89 to 0.54). Conclusions: The available evidence shows little effect of activity training on the ground on activity or participation in children with cerebral palsy, suggesting that rigorous trials with larger samples and larger “dosage” of activity training on the ground are needed in the future.