Vertical transmission of hepatitis C Virus: An epidemiological study on 2,980 pregnant women in Italy

The risk of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) varies according to the population studied and the tests used. Aim of the current study was to investigate HCV vertical transmission rate in children born to 30 HCV positive/HIV negative pregnant women in Italy. We investigated the potential vertical transmission of HCV by identifying HCV antibody seropositive pregnant women, by analyzing HCV-RNA in the peripheral blood using PCR and by prospectively following their offspring until 24 months of age. During the third trimester, 2,980 consecutive pregnant women were examined for anti-HCV antibodies by a second generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (EIA2) and re-assayed by a second generation Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA2). A total of 32 mothers (1.07%) were positive for EIA2 test; 30 out of 32 had a reactive confirmatory RIBA2 test for HCV All anti-HCV positive mothers were negative for HIV. These 30 mothers and their 30 babies formed the study cohort. Of the 30 anti-HCV positive mothers, 10 were also positive for serum HCV-RNA by PCR. All the babies born to the 30 anti-HCV positive mothers were initially negative for HCV-RNA (cord blood specimens), but three babies became positive at three months of age and remained positive thereafter. These babies had been born to 3 of the 10 mothers with viremia during the third trimester of pregnancy. These results suggest that HCV vertical transmission is possible in 10% of anti-HCV positives and in about 33% of the HCV-RNA seropositive mothers.     

外周血单个核细胞感染乙型肝炎病毒对新生儿宫内感染的影响

目的 :探讨 HBs Ag、 HBe Ag阳性孕妇外周血单个核细胞 ( PBMC)内乙型肝炎病毒 ( HBV) DNA感染状况及其在宫内母婴垂直传播中的作用。方法 :对 HBs Ag/ HBe Ag双阳性共 6 7对孕妇及其新生儿静脉血分离和提纯 PBMC后 ,经抽提、纯化后的 DNA进入 PCR扩增反应 ,引物为 HBV C区基因序列。结果 :6 7例 HBs Ag及 HBe Ag双阳性的孕妇中有 35例 ( 5 2 .2 % )PBMC中 HBV DNA阳性 ,2 5例孕妇在血清及 PBMC中均发现 HBV DNA。6 7例新生儿有 2 2例感染 HBV DNA,感染率 32 .8% ,其中血清 HBV DNA阳性者 10例 ,PBMC HBV DNA阳性者 19例 ,二者均阳性者 7例。结论 :母亲 PBMC内 HBV DNA阳性可能导致新生儿 PBMC中 HBV DNA阳性 ,PBMC内的 HBV DNA可能是 HBV母婴垂直传播的一条重要途径 ,同时 ,HBs Ag及HBe Ag阳性母亲若血清 HBV DNA为阳性就极大增加了其新生儿感染 HBV的危险性     

成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的:了解成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙龋病的患病情况。方法:采用第2次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准,调查成都市一类幼儿园在园儿童11 418人龋齿患病情况。结果:成都市一类幼儿园儿童患龋率48.87%,龋均为1.822,dm ft为20 804。结论:成都市一类幼儿园儿童乳牙患龋率较国内其他地区低,加强对教师和家长的儿童口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传并对儿童龋病进行早期预防保健治疗有着重要意义。     

HCV抗原在慢性HCV感染者卵巢及输卵管组织中表达的研究

目的:探讨慢性丙肝病毒(HCV)感染者卵巢及输卵管组织中HCV的存在及分布。方法:用免疫组化法检测慢性HCV感染者卵巢及输卵管组织内HCV抗原的表达及分布。结果:HCV抗原表达于卵巢的间质细胞、颗粒细胞及血管内皮细胞,HCV在输卵管组织中分布于上皮细胞及间质细胞。阳性信号主要分布于细胞膜、细胞浆及细胞核内。结论:HCV可感染卵巢及输卵管组织,推测可能与HCV母婴传播有关。     

不同方法注射乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断HBV宫内传播的研究

目的：研究不同方法注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（HBIG）对HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性孕妇的乙肝病毒（HBV）宫内阻断作用。方法：A组32例，孕16周起肌注HBIG，每4周1次至分娩；B组32例。孕28周起肌注HBIG，每4周1次至分娩；C组31例未予用药。结果：A组和B组孕妇HBVDNA水平C组显著下降（P〈0．05），其新生儿宫内感染率明显低于C组（分别为5.88％和15.62％），P〈0．05。3组孕妇及其新生儿未发现有不良反应。结论：HBkAg和HBeAg双阳性孕妇孕中期多次注射HBIG可有效减少HBV宫内感染发生率。     

Orthodontic traction of a transmigrated mandibular canine using mini-implant: a case report and review

The patient in this case is an 11-year-old girl, whose mandibular left canine was transmigrated. The traction to the arch was assisted by using a temporary skeletal anchorage device. After 5 months of poor response to traction, the biomechanics were re-adjusted, obtaining effective traction in to the arch in 12 months. After this period, the treatment was completed with fixed orthodontic appliances.     

Dental management of unilateral multiple impacted primary teeth

Impacted primary teeth can be caused by odontogenic tumors such as odontomas, cystic diseases such as dentigerous and eruption cysts, and fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva, while elimination of those causes reportedly results in normal eruption of primary teeth. We describe the course of a child from the age of 1 year until 4 years 10 months who had primary tooth eruption failure and was treated with dental methods. Although primary teeth expected to spontaneously erupt were followed, there were several on the left side that remained unerupted. We performed a left maxillary and mandibular gingivectomy to closely examine the cause of eruption delay and tooth germ dislocation, as well as attempt to induce eruption of the primary teeth. Based on histopathological results, the diagnosis was fibroma. Surgical procedures did not result in clear improvement of eruption failure. In order to improve masticatory function and aesthetics, the child was fixed with an artificial denture for all primary teeth not expected to erupt.     

再生性牙髓治疗方法的前景

再生性牙髓治疗是基于生物学基础治疗的一种方法,目的是替换受损的部分牙髓组织或允许牙髓样组织形成以完全替代原牙髓组织。针对牙髓炎或牙髓坏死的年轻恒牙的治疗,研究者们利用口腔来源干细胞或根尖周组织的干细胞建立各种利于修复的微环境,提出了如牙髓血运重建术/干细胞归巢治疗等充满前景的新治疗技术,从而为牙髓的再生提供了大量研究资料及可选治疗手段。该文对再生性牙髓治疗方法的现状及其发展前景作一综述。