全文获取类型
收费全文 | 37771篇 |
免费 | 2628篇 |
国内免费 | 1360篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 705篇 |
儿科学 | 788篇 |
妇产科学 | 1508篇 |
基础医学 | 2269篇 |
口腔科学 | 742篇 |
临床医学 | 3619篇 |
内科学 | 6580篇 |
皮肤病学 | 307篇 |
神经病学 | 1585篇 |
特种医学 | 1316篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 10383篇 |
综合类 | 4582篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 1291篇 |
眼科学 | 1018篇 |
药学 | 2096篇 |
93篇 | |
中国医学 | 1004篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1869篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 91篇 |
2023年 | 636篇 |
2022年 | 1208篇 |
2021年 | 1577篇 |
2020年 | 1525篇 |
2019年 | 1365篇 |
2018年 | 1460篇 |
2017年 | 1326篇 |
2016年 | 1218篇 |
2015年 | 1261篇 |
2014年 | 2442篇 |
2013年 | 2328篇 |
2012年 | 2059篇 |
2011年 | 2394篇 |
2010年 | 2039篇 |
2009年 | 1993篇 |
2008年 | 2112篇 |
2007年 | 2073篇 |
2006年 | 1797篇 |
2005年 | 1636篇 |
2004年 | 1346篇 |
2003年 | 1191篇 |
2002年 | 966篇 |
2001年 | 810篇 |
2000年 | 565篇 |
1999年 | 492篇 |
1998年 | 406篇 |
1997年 | 378篇 |
1996年 | 320篇 |
1995年 | 278篇 |
1994年 | 279篇 |
1993年 | 249篇 |
1992年 | 235篇 |
1991年 | 193篇 |
1990年 | 147篇 |
1989年 | 135篇 |
1988年 | 138篇 |
1987年 | 108篇 |
1986年 | 91篇 |
1985年 | 136篇 |
1984年 | 127篇 |
1983年 | 72篇 |
1982年 | 96篇 |
1981年 | 84篇 |
1980年 | 75篇 |
1979年 | 61篇 |
1978年 | 44篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
雌激素提高皮瓣存活面积的实验性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究不同剂量雌激素对皮瓣存活面积的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法新西兰白兔30只,随机分为A、B、O三组。在兔背作超长型皮瓣,其蒂部注射雌激素,三组间剂量不同。术后检测皮瓣血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、一氧化氮(NO)、皮瓣存活面积(S)等指标。结果A组、B组皮瓣的NO、VEGF、S较O组增加;皮瓣存活面积S与VEGF表达、NO含量之间呈正相关。结论雌激素处理可使皮瓣VEGF表达上调、NO含量增加。 相似文献
83.
尼麦角林是一种麦角生物碱衍生物,广泛应用于脑血管病患者认知障碍的治疗。多项临
床前研究显示,尼麦角林对于认知障碍的改善可能与以下因素有关:尼麦角林除能够改善脑循环,
促进神经递质释放外,还具有营养神经及抗氧化等作用。目前的研究认为,尼麦角林能够改善患者
卒中后抑郁相关的情绪障碍以及有效改善血管性痴呆,提高患者的日常生活能力。同时,尼麦角林具
有良好的安全性,目前暂无尼麦角林治疗导致纤维化或麦角中毒的研究报道。本文就尼麦角林在神
经系统的作用机制、临床疗效及安全性进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考。 相似文献
84.
Laureano Fernández-Cruz Rebeca Cosa Laia Blanco Sammy Levi Miguel-Angel López-Boado Salvador Navarro 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(12):1607-1622
Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LPS) has seen significant development but much of the knowledge refers to small and benign
pancreatic tumors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcome of the laparoscopic approach
in patients with benign, premalignant, and overt malignant lesions of the pancreas. This study, currently, is the largest
single center experience worldwide. One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic pancreatic surgery
from April 1998 to April 2007, 20 patients with cysts or pseudocysts for acute and chronic pancreatitis, laparoscopic pancreatic
drainage was performed, and were excluded from the analysis. The 103 patients were divided based on preoperative diagnosis:
group I, inflammatory tumors for chronic pancreatitis (eight patients); group II, cystic pancreatic neoplasms (29 patients);
group III, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (10 patients); group IV, neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (NETs) (43 patients);
and group V ductal adenocarcinoma (13 patients). The median tumor size was 5.3 cm. Pathologic data include R
0 or R
1 resection (transection margins on the specimen were inked). Perioperative data, postoperative complications, and resection
modalities were compared using statistical analysis. Long-term outcomes were analysed by tumor recurrence and patient survival.
The overall conversion rate was 7%. Laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection was performed in 82 patients (79.6%). Laparoscopic
spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (Lap SPDP) was performed in 52 patients (63.7%), but with splenic vessels preservation
in 22% and without splenic vessels preservation in 41.5%. Laparoscopic en-bloc splenopancreatectomy (Lap SxDP) was performed
in 30 patients (36.6%) and laparoscopic enucleation (Lap En) in 20 patients (19.4%). There was no mortality. The overall complication
rate was 25.2, 16.7, and 40% after Lap SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively. The overall morbidity rate was significantly
higher (p > 0.05) in the group of Lap SPDP without splenic vessels preservation comparing with Lap SPDP with splenic vessels preservation
because of the occurrence of splenic complications (20.6%). The overall pancreatic fistulas was 7.7, 10, and 35% after Lap
SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively; the severity of fistula was significantly higher in the Lap En group (p > 0.05). The mean hospital stay was within 1 week in all groups, except in the group of ductal adenocarcinoma, which is 8 days.
In this series, 27 patients (26.2%) had malignant disease. R
0 resection was achieved in 90% of ductal adenocarcinoma and 100% for other malignant tumors. The median survival for ductal
adenocarcinoma patients was 14 months. This series demonstrates that LPS is feasible and safe in benign-appearing and malignant
lesions of the pancreas. 相似文献
85.
Neurologic complications are common after transplantation and affect 30-60% of transplant recipients. The etiology of most of the posttransplant neurologic disorders is related to the opportunistic infections, both systemic and involving central nervous system (CNS), toxicity of immunosuppressive medications, and the metabolic insult created by the underlying primary disease and the transplant procedure. Neuroimaging studies are one of the key tools in the evaluation and enable early diagnosis of neurologic complications in transplant patients, especially posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and fungal and bacterial abscesses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred technique, but each of the available neuroimaging techniques offers a unique insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying neurologic complications of transplantation. The role of neuroimaging in this population includes early detection of calcineurin inhibitor neurotoxicity, opportunistic infections, neoplasia, metabolic disorders, or cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, we can monitor longitudinal progression of disease and treatment response. 相似文献
86.
目的: 探讨下腔静脉损伤的修复方法。方法:对12例下腔静脉损伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:闭合性损伤9例,开放性损伤3例。入院时均伴有休克。均诊断为腹腔内脏损伤,无1例诊断为下腔静脉损伤。12例均手术治疗,直视下修复5例,大网膜填塞后肝实质大块褥式缝合2例,纱布填塞5例。术后并发症7例(58.3%):胆漏1例,隔下脓肿合并反应性右侧胸腔积液2例,创伤性肝囊肿1例,腔静脉血栓形成1例,大出血2例;死亡3例,病死率25.0%。 结论:腔静脉损伤病情凶险,处理困难,病死率高,改良的全肝血流阻断下行纱布填塞止血效果好,抢救成功率高,值得推广。 相似文献
87.
围产儿死亡545例原因分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 探讨围产儿死亡原因,以提高围产期保健工作质量及降低围产儿死亡率。方法 对我院12年来围产儿死亡病历进行回顾性分析。结果 12年间围产儿死亡95例,占16.88‰,死胎64.84%,死产26.37%,新生儿死亡8.79%。围产儿死亡原因依次为早产、胎儿畸形、缺氧综合征、脐带因素、胎位异常、胎盘因素及妊娠并发症。新生儿死亡主要因早产、呼吸窘迫综合症(RDS)所致。结论 加强围产期监护,预防为主,提高产科质量,达到降低围产儿死亡率。 相似文献
88.
目的 研究腹腔内注射三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对小鼠CO2气腹下肝癌H22转移的影响. 方法 昆明鼠40只(清洁级),中腹部穿刺置入1 mm套管针,自套管针注入1×106肿瘤细胞后,建立CO2气腹,压力8 mm Hg,时间30 min.术后随机分4组,每组10只,分别腹腔内注入生理盐水,1 ml;As2O3(2 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4 mg/kg),1 ml;As2O3(4mg/kg)+肝素(10 U/ml),共1 ml.气腹后第3、7天测量肿瘤黏附因子(CD44)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的变化;比较各组生存状态、腹围、体重变化及转移瘤直径.结果 气腹后第3、7天,与对照组相比,各As2O3组CD44、VEGF表达均明显降低(P<0.05).2个高剂量组的气腹后第3天VEGF、第7天CD44比低剂量组降低明显(P<0.05).4组戳口种植率分别为9/10、8/10、7/10、6/10,差异无显著性(x2=2.667,P=0.446). 结论 As2O3对CO2气腹腹腔镜肿瘤生长转移有抑制作用. 相似文献
89.
Juli Busquets Jose Castellote Jaume Torras Juan Fabregat Emilio Ramos Laura Llado Antonio Rafecas Esmeralda de la Banda Juan Figueras 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(4):458-463
Background Cold ischemia time and the presence of postoperative hepatic arterial thrombosis have been associated with biliary complications
(BC) after liver transplantation. An ABO-incompatible blood group has also been suggested as a factor for predisposal towards
BC. However, the influence of Rh nonidentity has not been studied previously.
Materials Three hundred fifty six liver transplants were performed from 1995 to 2000 at our hospital. BC incidence and risk factors
were studied in 345 patients.
Results Seventy patients (20%) presented BC after liver transplantation. Bile leakage (24/45%) and stenotic anastomosis (21/30%) were
the most frequent complications. Presence of BC in Rh-nonidentical graft–host cases (23/76, 30%) was higher than in Rh-identical
grafts (47/269, 17%) (P = 0.01). BC was also more frequent in grafts with arterial thrombosis (9/25, 36% vs 60/319, 19%; P = 0.03) and grafts with cold ischemia time longer than 430 min (26/174, 15% vs 44/171, 26%; P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that Rh graft–host nonidentical blood groups [RR = 2(1.1–3.6); P = 0.02], arterial thrombosis [RR = 2.6(1.1–6.4); P = 0.02] and cold ischemia time longer than 430 min [RR = 1.8(1–3.2); P = 0.02] were risk factors for presenting BC.
Conclusion Liver transplantation using Rh graft–host nonidentical blood groups leads to a greater incidence of BC. 相似文献
90.
Major progress in clinical pain assessment and management has been achieved in the last decade. More effective analgesic drugs and improved techniques for pain management have been introduced. However, medical reports published during the last few years on postoperative pain management (POPM) indicate that moderate or even severe pain is still rather commonly experienced by surgical patients in the early postoperative period and that worst-pain-episodes may occur even in the late postoperative phase. Insufficient relief of postoperative pain seems a more common problem on surgical wards than on a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). The aims of POPM are to inhibit autonomic trauma-induced nociceptive impulses that may result in functional disturbances of vital organs and thereby affect the incidence of potentially severe complications influencing clinical outcome. Considering that recent studies continue to show sub-optimal pain management despite the availability of effective drugs and analgesic techniques it must be considered essential to identify possible barriers to effective pain management in clinical practice so that necessary improvements in POPM routines can be carried out. 相似文献