Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after combined percutaneous angioplasty of aortic coarctation and valvuloplasty of aortic stenosis in an infant

Summary Gastrointestinal hemorrhage has not been previously reported as a complication of dilating left-sided obstructive lesions. This report describes an infant who developed significant intestinal bleeding after combined angioplasty for aortic coarctation and valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis.The opinions expressed are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.     

A lesional classification to standardize surgical management of aortic insufficiency towards valve repair

Objective: Aortic valve repair is an alternative to valve replacement for treatment of chronic aortic insufficiency (AI). In order to standardize surgical management, we suggest a classification based on echocardiographic and operative analysis of valvular lesions. Methods: Classification was based on the retrospective analysis of chronic AI mechanisms of 781 adults operated on electively between 1997 and 2003. Results: AI was isolated (406 patients (52%)), associated with supra-coronary aneurysm (97 cases (12.4%)), or with aortic root aneurysm (278 patients (35.6%)). Etiologies of valvular or aortic lesions were respectively rheumatic, dystrophic and atheromatous in 17%, 73.6% and 9.4% of cases. Lesional classification is based on the analysis of chronic AI mechanisms defining type I with central jet (354 cases, 45.3%) and type II with eccentric jet (54.7%). Type Ia is defined as isolated dilation of sino-tubular junction (47 supra-coronary aneurysms), and type Ib as dilation of both sino-tubular junction and aortic annular base (233 root aneurysms, 74 isolated AI). The type II associates dilation of sino-tubular junction and annular base to a valvular lesion: IIa cusp prolapse (95 aneurysms, 200 isolated AI); IIb cusp retraction (132 rheumatic AI), IIc cusp tear (endocarditis, traumatic). Conclusion: A lesional classification aims to standardize the surgical management of aortic valve repair: type Ia, by supra-coronary graft; type Ib, by subvalvular aortic annuloplasty associated with the aortic root replacement with a remodelling technique (root aneurysm) or double sub- and supravalvular annuloplasty (isolated AI). For chronic AI type II, aortic annuloplasty associated a remodelling technique or double sub- and supravalvular annuloplasty is combined with the treatment of the cusp lesion (cusp resuspension, cusp reconstruction with autologous pericardium).     

A Novel Technique to Relieve a Closed-Loop Obstruction Secondary to a Competent Ileocecal Valve and an Unresectable Mid-Colon Tumor

A competent ileocecal valve complicates the surgical treatment of an unresectable obstructing mid-colon tumor. Specifically, it may not be feasible to bypass with a colocolotomy, especially when the sigmoid colon has limited mobility or if the ascending colon is severely distended and edematous. A technique is described in which the closedloop obstruction is relieved at its proximal extent by an ileocecal valvuloplasty. A circular stapling device is fired across the ileocecal valve. Once the ileocecal valve is rendered competent, a loop ileostomy or a colocolotomy can be constructed, providing effective palliation for this difficult situation.     

19例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的临床分析

本文就１９全二尖瓣狭窄的经皮球囊扩张术围手术期的临床分析。结果与结论：认为ＰＢＭＶ是一种安全、经济有效的治疗方法，可替代开胸闭式二尖瓣分离术，在ＰＢＭＶ中运用二维超声指导房间膈穿刺点的确定尚未见报道。     

二尖瓣狭窄球囊成形术对瓣口面积和左心房、左心室压力及内径的影响

目的 :观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)前后二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)和左心房左心室压力及内径的关系。方法 :2 8例手术成功二尖瓣狭窄患者分成中度狭窄组 (15例 ,A)和重度狭窄组 (13例 ,B) ,对其术前术后指标进行检验和直线回归统计分析。结果 :1周内A组左心房内径和B组左心室内径变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,A组的左心房内径缩小值 ,左心房压力下降值 ,MVA扩大值、扩大率均 B组 (P <0 0 1) ,其余指标无差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;术前MVA与术后MVA扩大率 ,左心房内径变化有显著相关性 (P <0 0 1)影响术后左心房大小的因素主要是术前MVA ,术前左心房内径和术后MVA扩大率。据术前MVA的大小可估计术后MVA、左心房、左心室压力和内径的变化。结论 :PBMV可显著的改善患者的血流动力学指标 ,在重度二尖瓣狭窄患者更明显 ,有适应征者应积极进行此项手术治疗。     

心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例临床分析

目的总结既往有二尖瓣闭式扩张术、瓣膜成形术、瓣周漏及生物瓣失功能等的患者再次瓣膜手术的经验。方法自1998年1月至2005年8月,实施心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例,其中急症手术8例。其中二尖瓣闭式扩张后再狭窄105例,二尖瓣或主动脉瓣成形术后复发性瓣膜病变37例,瓣周漏29例,生物瓣衰败18例,其他瓣膜再发病变11例,人工瓣膜机械功能障碍9例,Ebstein畸形矫治术后三尖瓣关闭不全7例,人工瓣膜心内膜炎5例。再次手术方式包括二尖瓣置换、二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换、主动脉瓣置换、三尖瓣置换。两次手术间隔时间1～21年。结果全组术后死亡19例,占8．6％。早期死亡主要原因为术后低心排综合征、恶性心律失常、多脏器功能衰竭与肾功能衰竭,其中急症手术8例中死亡3例,术前心功能Ⅳ级者手术死亡9例,病死率为14．5％（9／62例）。结论瓣膜病再次手术危险因素包括急症手术、术前心功能差、合并其他重要脏器功能不全、体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间长等。针对这些因素积极防治,可以进一步降低这类患者手术病死率和并发症发生率。     

股浅静脉戴戒成形术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者行股浅静脉戴戒成形术。其典型临床表现为小腿广泛色素沉着、溃疡伴轻中度浅静脉曲张。彩超是首选诊断方法，临床表现典型而彩超阴性者可行下肢深静脉造影。在股浅静脉第一对瓣膜下用自体大隐静脉或人造织物，宽约０．８ｃｍ，可平均缩窄股浅静脉３６％，控制血液倒流，术后患肢无肿胀。同时行清创游离植皮术，加速溃疡愈合，效果良好。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术临床应用

作者1988年～1998年对62名先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者实施了经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV),患者平均年龄201岁。PBPV后即刻肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差(ΔP)由术前71±27mmHg降至37±15mmHg,54例随访1～9年,平均47±21年,ΔP进一步降为24±9mmHg。术中及术后无严重并发症。结论:PBPV治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效,即刻与中远期效果均良好。     

Long-term clinical and echocardiographic results after successful mitral balloon valvotomy and predictors of long-term outcome.

AIMS: To assess the long-term outcome of mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) and identify predictors of restenosis- and event-free survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report the immediate and long-term clinical and echocardiographic results in 493 patients, mean age 31+/-11, who underwent successful MBV and were followed-up for 0.5-15 years (median 5+/-3) with clinical and echocardiographic examination. After MBV, mitral valve area increased from 0.84+/-0.2 to 1.83+/-0.53 cm(2) (P<0.0001) as measured by catheter and from 0.92+/-0.17 to 1.96+/-0.29 cm(2) as measured by two-dimensional echo. Restenosis occurred in 86/493 (17.4%) patients and it was less frequent in patients with low echo score. Actuarial freedom from restenosis at 5, 7, 10, and 13 years were 89+/-1, 81+/-2, 68+/-3, and 51+/-6%, respectively, and was significantly higher in patients with low echo score. Event-free survival (death, redo MBV, mitral valve replacement, New York Heart Association functional Class III or IV) at 5, 7, 10, and 13 years were 92+/-1, 87+/-2, 80+/-3, and 74+/-3%, respectively, and was significantly higher for patients with low echo score. Cox regression analysis identified mitral echocardiographic score (MES) >8 as predictors of restenosis (P=0.0004) and MES and age as predictors of event-free survival (P=0.0003 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: MBV has excellent long-term results for selected patients with mitral stenosis. The long-term outcome after this procedure can be predicted from baseline clinical and valvular characteristics.     

下肢深静脉腔内瓣膜成形术治疗瓣膜功能不全20例报告

目的:研究下肢深静脉腔内瓣膜成形术的临床应用价值.方法:选择经过静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查确诊为原发性下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的20条患肢行静脉瓣膜腔内成形术.结果:20条患肢随访5～7年,疗效优良.18例经彩色多普勒检查,均无返流.2例患肢色素加深,经彩色多普勒检查轻度返流,局部浅静脉曲张复发2例.结论:下肢深静脉腔内瓣膜成形术疗效确切,但有一定的并发症.