经食管超声心动图在球囊瓣膜成形术中的应用

经食管超声心动图业已广泛应用于各种介入性心脏病诊断技术中,本文对该技术在经皮球囊瓣膜成形术中的应用范围,技术要求和疗效评价作一概述。     

二尖瓣狭窄并发心房颤动的危险因素探讨

目的探讨二尖瓣狭窄并发心房颤动(房颤)的危险因素。方法采用非条件Logistic回归模型对连续行二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)的260例二尖瓣狭窄患者进行并发房颤的危险因素分析。PBMV后对房颤患者进行复律治疗并随访。结果二尖瓣狭窄并发房颤的预测因子是左心房内径(P<0.0001)、年龄(P<0.0001)及病程(P=0.0007)。PBMV后左心房内径缩小,113例患者经药物或直流电转复窦性心律;随访(12±6.8)个月,31例(28.2％)患者房颤复发,左心房内径(P<0.0001)是转复窦性心律患者房颤复发的独立预测因子。结论左心房内径、年龄和病程是决定二尖瓣狭窄患者发生房颤的最重要的因素。左心房内径也是决定PBMV后转复窦性心律患者能否维持窦性心律的主要因素。     

血管镜直视下腘静脉壁外瓣膜修复成形术

作者利用血管镜直视诊断和直视监控手术操作的先进性能，首次设计并经２０例初步临床应用，表明血管镜直视下静脉壁外瓣膜修复成形术的主要适应症是股浅静脉瓣缺乏而静脉瓣具备修复成形术的组织基础。血管镜可以直视确诊瓣膜功能不全的程度，直视诊察瓣膜的形态结构，为瓣膜修复成形术提供了可靠的依据；避免了切开静脉壁和瓣膜损伤，减少了术后血栓形成的机率。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄远期疗效评价

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)治疗合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)的远期疗效。方法　对 30例合并重度肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄患者进行严格的PBMV术后随访 ,包括超声心动图、胸片 ,临床心功能评价。平均随访时间 (6 .4± 1.4 )年。结果　二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由术前的 (1.19± 0 .32 )cm2 增至术后的 (1.99± 0 .4 5 )cm2 (P <0 .0 1) ;随访 5年以上 ,MVA逐渐减小至(1.4 4± 0 .4 2 )cm2 ,较术后明显减小 ,P <0 .0 1;16例发生再狭窄 ,再狭窄率 5 3.3%。平均肺动脉压(PAMP)由术前的 (6 5 .3± 14 .1)mmHg降至术后的 (40 .0 3± 12 .6 9)mmHg ,P <0 .0 1;PBMV术心功能改善 1个级别以上者占 93.3% ,术后 5年以上随访心功能仍维持在Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未再次行介入或换瓣手术者占 73.3%。结论　PBMV术对合并重度肺动脉高压的MS患者也有较为满意的远期疗效 ,作为一种良好姑息疗法可明显缓解此类重症患者的临床症状。     

先天性主动脉瓣膜狭窄患儿行直视下主动脉瓣交界切开术的早中期结果

目的直视下主动脉瓣交界切开成形术是治疗婴儿及儿童期先天性主动脉瓣狭窄的重要方式,本研究评估其手术早期及中期疗效。方法回顾性分析了1998年3月至2011年6月间3个月～14岁患儿因先天性主动脉瓣狭窄在我院行直视下主动脉瓣交界切开手术的病例。入选病例除主动脉瓣狭窄,不合并左心其它水平梗阻,但可合并其它简单先天性心脏畸形。术前、术后及门诊随访中行超声心动评估。观察术后早期及随访期间的转归和主动脉瓣功能。结果本组患儿共30例,其中男性23例(76.7%),年龄42.2月(3月～9.6岁),体重(15.4±7.9)Kg。单纯主动脉瓣狭窄12例(40.0%),合并简单先天性心脏畸形18例。主动脉瓣收缩期跨瓣压差平均(73.3±26.7)mmHg,无主动脉瓣中量以上返流。全组体外循环时间平均66分钟(35～146分钟),主动脉阻断时间平均41分钟(15～104分钟)。本组无住院期间死亡。出院时主动脉瓣收缩期跨瓣压差(31.4±20.0)mmHg,中度以上残余狭窄3例(3/30,10.0%),无中量以上返流。有随访资料27例(90%)。中位随访期限为18个月(1月～12.4年)。随访期间死亡1例(3.7%),全组无再次主动脉瓣手术/介入干预。心功能NYHAIII级1例(3.7%),其余均为NYHAI级。主动脉瓣收缩期跨瓣压差(48.5±36.3)mmHg,主动脉瓣中量返流2例(7.4%)。术后主动脉瓣环直径增加率(2.43±2.11)mm/年。结论婴儿期和儿童期因主动脉瓣狭窄行直视下主动脉瓣交界切开术的患儿手术安全性高,早中期疗效满意。     

感染性心内膜炎的外科手术治疗

目的总结手术治疗感染性心内膜炎的经验.方法回顾分析手术治疗43例感染性心内膜炎患者的临床资料.术前血培养阳性22例.感染累及左心系统35例,累及右心系统7例,同时累及左右心系统1例.手术均在体外循环下进行,行瓣膜替换33例,其中4例并发主动脉根周脓肿者行同种瓣主动脉根部置换,使用机械瓣26例.行二尖瓣成形2例,三尖瓣成形6例,室间隔缺损修补3例.结果术后30d内死亡2例,二次开胸止血1例;成人呼吸窘迫综合征5例;术后使用主动脉气囊反博术(IABP)4例;植入永久起搏器2例.存活41例全部获得随访,平均随访(46.8±22.3)个月.随访期间无远期死亡,无再次感染,心功能明显改善.结论外科手术是治疗感染性心内膜炎的有效手段.     

Results After Surgical Repair of Ebstein’s Anomaly

Background. Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a complex malformation. Various operations have been undertaken with varying results. Because valve replacement yielded poor results, surgical treatment has focused on valvuloplasties.Methods. Between April 1974 and February 1995, 60 patients with Ebstein’s anomaly underwent surgical repair. Age ranged from 5 months to 54 years. In 56 patients (93.3%), tricuspid valvuloplasty was feasible, mainly by creating a monocusp valve with the single-stitch technique. The other 4 patients had valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Six reoperations were necessary (10.0%): four valve replacements and two repeat valvuloplasties.Results. There were two hospital deaths (3.3%) and a late mortality rate of 10.0% (6 patients). Forty-nine (94.2%) of 52 survivors were followed for 5 months to 18.6 years (median follow-up, 5.0 years; mean follow-up, 6.9 years). The actuarial survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 96.5% ± 2.4% at 1 year and 83.3% ± 5.6% at 18 years. At follow-up evaluation, nearly all patients showed substantial improvement (93.9% were in functional class I or II) compared with their preoperative status. Doppler echocardiographic studies demonstrated good tricuspid valve function in most patients.Conclusions. Valvuloplasty using the single-stitch technique is a rewarding operation. It yields good long-term results with substantial improvement in functional performance and clinical status.(Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1650–6)     

Restoration of saphenous-femoral junction competence with Venocuff in 1-day surgery

The treatment of sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) reflux represents the first step in an effective therapeutic program for varicose veins disease. SFJ valvuloplasty restores valve function by reducing vein wall dilatation at the valve annulus. The Venocuff^® system makes it possible to band SFJ easily and safely. We used it in 10 cases with no early or late operating complications. Satisfactory SFJ competence has been achieved with aesthetic and functional improvement.     

Regression of Cardiac Enzyme and Ventriculocoronary Communication in an Infant with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum after Radiofrequency Valvulotomy and Valvuloplasty

I report on a 3-month-old infant with pulmonary atresia–intact ventricular septum and ventriculocoronary communication (VCC) who underwent percutaneous radiofrequency valvulotomy and valvuloplasty (RFVV). The patient’s cardiac troponin-I, creatine kinase (CK), and myocardial fraction of (CK-MB) were elevated before RFVV and were gradually regressed to normal levels 12 days after RFVV. The VCC disappeared after RFVV. The transvalvular pressure gradients across the pulmonary valve were less than 30 mmHg in the follow-up echocardiography at 4–12 months of age. Oxygen saturation was approximately 90% in room air. Dipyridamole–thallium myocardial scintigraphy showed positive reperfusion over the apex and interventricular septum.