川续断皂苷VI及其活性代谢物在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

研究川续断皂苷VI(asperosaponin VI,A-VI)及其活性代谢产物常春藤皂苷元(hederagenin,M1)在大鼠体内的药代动力学、排泄特征和A-VI 的大鼠血浆蛋白结合率。采用已建立的LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆、胆汁、尿液和粪便中A-VI 和M1 浓度,计算药代动力学参数,并用平衡透析法测定大鼠血浆中A-VI的血浆蛋白结合率。大鼠以低、中、高(0.03,0.09,0.27 g·kg^-1)3个剂量分别单次灌胃给予A-VI 后, A-VI 的血药浓度-时间曲线出现双峰现象,C_max1和C_max2分别为(28.88±49.78)和(4.480±1.872) μg·L^-1,(35.19±23.53)和(22.11±16.15) μg·L^-1,(73.37±37.28)和(132.2±160.7) μg·L^-1;AUC_0-t分别为(43.21±37.32),(133.9±102.5),(779.6±876.9) μg·h·L^-1;t_1/2 分别为(3.3±0.8),(3.2±2.3),(4.5±1.2) h。代谢产物M1相应的C_max分别为(16.03±9.336),(26.41±11.95),(28.71±5.874) μg·L^-1;AUC_0-t分别为 (105.6±73.60),(260.0±153.9),(323.1±107.9) μg·h·L^-1;t_1/2 分别为(4.1±3.4),(4.4±2.3),(3.9±0.9) h。A-VI 和M1 在大鼠体内药动学特征不存在性别差异,按0.09 g·kg^-1剂量多次灌胃A-VI后A-VI 和M1 在体内均无蓄积。灌胃 A-VI 后, A-VI 的胆汁和尿液排泄速率-时间曲线也出现双峰现象,灌胃A-VI 6 h以后可以在大鼠粪便中检测到M1。A-VI 在大鼠血浆中的平均血浆蛋白结合率为 92.9%。     

The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls

The analytical method outlined in this feasibility study has been used to show that trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can be detected and measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. EBC samples and urine samples were collected from a cohort of 58 workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium compounds and 22 unexposed volunteers (control group). Levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined in EBC samples and total chromium levels were determined in urine samples. Pre and post working week samples for both EBC and urine were collected in tandem. Total chromium in urine samples was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in EBC samples used a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (μLC) system coupled to an ICP-MS. Separation was achieved using an anion exchange micro-sized column. The results showed that the occupationally exposed workers had significantly higher levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in their EBC samples than the control group, as well as higher levels of total chromium in their urine samples. However, for the exposed workers no significant difference was found between pre and post working week EBC samples for either Cr(III) or Cr(VI). This study has established that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can simultaneously be detected and measured in ‘real’ EBC samples and will help in understanding inhalation exposure.     

Iron-Porphyrin-Based Covalent Assembly with Peroxidase-Like Activity and High Efficiency for Cr(VI) Colorimetric Detection

Efficient synthesis of functional nanomaterials for simple, sensitive, and accurate colorimetric detection of chromate [Cr(VI)] has attracted great interest due to the toxicity of Cr(VI). Here, novel covalently assembled iron porphyrins (CAIPs) are fabricated through covalently cross-linking reaction between iron-tetra-(4-hydroxy-phenyl) porphyrin and three different cross-linkers based on 3,3´-dithiodipropionic acid. The results show that CAIPs have a spherical vesicle framework with favorable dimensional structure and enzymatic activity. In the presence of H₂O₂, CAIPs exhibit high peroxidase-like activity toward 3,3´,5,5´-tetramethylbenzidine. Based on these findings, CAIPs are used as an efficient colorimetric catalyst for the sensitive and selective detection of Cr(VI) with a detection limit about 23 nm . The feasibility of this method for real-water samples is verified by a standard addition experiment. This system further facilitates the developments of nanomaterial, and its application in colorimetric detection fields.     

l-Arginine Modified Lignin Composite Carbon Quantum Dots Fluorescent Probe for Cr(VI) Detection

As a typical heavy metal pollutant, chromium has caused great harm to the natural environment. Chromium mainly exists in trivalent and hexavalent compounds in nature, among which Cr(VI) is more toxic. As an outstanding fluorescent material, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, good optical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. The composite carbon quantum dots formed by compounding carbon quantum dots with other functional molecules can not only effectively reduce the preparation cost but also have stable fluorescence emission and metal ion recognition functions. In this paper, l -arginine modified lignin composite carbon quantum dots (Arg-l -CQDs) are synthesized, their fluorescence responsiveness to a series of metal ions is analyzed, and their feasibility for Cr(VI) detection is analyzed. The results show that the Arg-l -CQDs can be used as a fluorescent probe to achieve specific fluorescence response, high selectivity, and anti-interference to Cr(VI). There is a certain linear relationship between the concentration and the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent probe. The linear equation is F/F₀ = 0.5568-0.0012C[Cr(VI)], the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9945, and the detection limit of the fluorescent probe is 0.8625 µmol L⁻¹.     

Addressing pediatric surgical health inequities through quality improvement efforts

Concepts of healthcare quality and health equity should be inextricably linked but are often pursued separately. Quality improvement (QI) can serve as a powerful means to eliminate health inequities by adopting an equity-focused lens to diagnose and address baseline disparities among pediatric populations using targeted interventions. QI and pediatric surgery practitioners should integrate concepts of equity at every stage of formulating a QI project including conceptualization, planning, and execution. Early adaptation of an equity conscious perspective using QI methodology can prevent exacerbation of preexisting disparities while improving overall outcomes.     

一例糖原累积病Ⅵ型患儿的PYGL基因变异分析CSCD

目的分析1例糖原累积病Ⅵ型(glycogen storage disease typeⅥ,GSD-Ⅵ)患儿的临床特征和基因变异情况,明确其致病原因。方法收集1例GSD-Ⅵ患儿的临床资料,采集患儿及其父母外周血提取基因组DNA,应用全外显子测序对患者进行基因检测,对疑似变异进行Sanger测序验证并行生物信息学分析。结果患儿表现为空腹低血糖、肝大、生长迟缓、转氨酶增高、代谢性酸中毒、高乳酸,肝穿刺病理提示糖原累积病。基因测序提示患儿PYGL基因存在c.2089A>G(p・Asn697Asp)和c.158_160delACT(p.Tyr53del)复合杂合变异。Sanger测序验证提示患儿母亲存在c.2089A>G杂合变异,患儿父亲存在c.158_160delACT杂合变异。这两种变异均为罕见的变异,既往未见报道,其位点高度保守且Provean、MutationTaster预测为有害。结论PYGL基因复合杂合变异(c.2089A>G/c.158_160delACT)为患儿的致病原因。新变异位点的检出丰富了PYGL基因的变异谱,为该家系的遗传咨询提供了依据。