小儿重复肾合并其他尿路畸形（附60例报告）

６０例重复肾中，４８例合并输尿管口异位，７例合并输尿管囊肿，４例伴巨大输尿管积水，５例合并肾发育不良，１例为肾积水。年龄４个月～１３岁。临床表现：滴沥性尿失禁４８例，尿路感染１０例，腹部包块６例，排尿困难５例，尿道口有肿物脱出４例。诊断主要依靠ＩＶＵ。５８例经手术治疗，其中５１例作患侧上肾部及输尿管切除，７例行患侧肾切除。术后除１例尿内仍有异常外，均恢复满意。     

Cystitis as a correlate of female urinary incontinence

The objectives of the research were to study the association between prevalent urge and stress urinary incontinence (UI) and a history of cystitis in adult females. A cross-section of the adult female population, aged 30–59 years, in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, was studied, using self-reported data based on postal questionnaires. The sample consisted of 3114 women, out of whom 2613 (84%) delivered the information requested. The main outcome measures were period prevalence in 1987 of episodes of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge, prevalence of experience of episodes of cystitis and UI related to cystitis in adult life, and prevalence of relative risks, as indicated by odds ratio (OR), of UI conditional on cystitis experience. Results indicated that the 1987 period prevalences of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were 15% and 9%, respectively. Forty-five per cent reported a history of cystitis and 10% of UI during episodes of cystitis. Both UI provoked by stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were significantly correlated to cystitis (OR 2.1, P<0.0001, and 1.8, P<0.0001, respectively) and to UI during episodes of cystitis (OR 7.1, P<0.0001, and 5.7, P<0.0001, respectively). When corrected for the stress aspect, UI being associated with a feeling of urge showed no association of its own to a history of cystitis. However, stress and urge aspects were both correlated to the experience of UI during episodes of cystitis. The prevalence of experience of cystitis increased with increasing number of urologic (per operation OR 2.1, P<0.0001) and gynecologic operations (per operation OR 1.5, P<0.0001), e.g. curretage (per operation OR 1.2, P<0.001), but not with the number of abdominal operations or the number of childbirths. It was concluded that cystitis may be an important component of UI etiology. Stress and not urge UI seems to be the key type related to a history of cystitis in general. The experience of UI during cystitis is connected to both stress and urge UI. A history of cystitis may possibly itself by initiated by surgery.     

经阴道无张力吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的体会

目的探讨经阴道无张力吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效及安全性。方法对2002年5月至2004年12月施行TVT的114例女性SUI患者资料进行回顾性研究。根据Stamey尿失禁分级系统评价TVT手术的有效性。术后较术前尿失禁等级评分改善2级或2级以上为显著改善,1级为改善,无改善甚至加重为无效。术后尿失禁等级为0~1级为完全控尿,2级为有效控尿,3~4级为无效。评估术前、术后的24h尿垫试验及尿动力学检查结果。并对并发症进行统计和分析。结果随访110例(96.5%),随访时间6~30个月。24h尿垫试验术前(38.3±10.4)g,术后(8.8±7.4)g;尿失禁症状评分从术前42.3±11.4,术后20.4±9.2;尿失禁等级评分显著改善者94例(85.5%),改善者12例(10.9%),无效者4例(3.6%)。术后完全控尿者89例(80.9%),有效控尿者14例(12.7%),无效者7例(6.4%)。术中发生膀胱穿孔2例(1.8%),出血14例(12.7%)。术后1个月内有排尿不畅者9例(8.2%),尿频、尿急者12例(10.9%),尿潴留者1例(0.9%);术后6个月后有耻骨上不适者8例(7.3%),排尿不尽者2例(1.8%),尿频、尿急者3例(2.7%)。1例反复尿潴留患者经保守治疗无效,最终将吊带切断。术后未出现吊带处阴道黏膜糜烂和明显盆腔血肿。结论TVT术是目前治疗女性SUI的一种有效、安全的微创手术。     

老年患者尿路感染菌群分布及其耐药性分析

目的 :了解老年患者尿路感染致病菌的菌群分布及其对抗生素的耐药情况 ,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法 :收集湖北省 15所三级甲等医院 2 0 0 2年尿路感染老年患者清洁中段尿细菌培养分离的 5 34株致病菌 ,对其进行耐药性监测。药敏采用K B法 ,用WHONET 5软件进行数据分析。结果 :共收集致病菌 5 34株 ,其中革兰阴性菌 4 0 9株 (76 .6 % ) ,革兰阳性菌 12 5株(2 3.4 % )。革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌检出率最高 (2 6 4株 ,4 9.4 % ) ,其次为克雷白杆菌 (44株 ,8.2 % )。 16 .7%的大肠埃希菌和 2 2 .7%的克雷白杆菌产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶。亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶对革兰阴性菌的抗菌活性最强 ,而革兰阴性菌对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、哌拉西林的耐药率均在 5 0 %以上。革兰阳性菌以肠球菌最多见 (6 4株 ,12 % ) ,其次为葡萄球菌属 (43株 ,8.1% )。革兰阳性菌对SMZco、红霉素等的耐药率均在 4 0 %以上 ,但对万古霉素均敏感。结论 :老年患者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为优势菌株 ,且耐药性日益严重 ,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶最为敏感。革兰阳性菌宜以万古霉素为首选。     

无张力性吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法13例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁在连续硬膜外麻醉下经阴道前壁行无张力阴道吊带术，低平截石位，经阴道前壁向上穿刺尿道两侧间隙，从耻骨上腹壁引出TVT吊带，调整张力，关闭切口。结果手术时间15～45min，平均35min。13例随访6～24个月，平均13个月，12例治愈，1例改善，无尿失禁复发或排尿困难。结论TVT操作简单，创伤小，手术时间短，术后恢复快，治疗压力性尿失禁疗效好。     

创伤性泌尿系出血的急诊动脉栓塞治疗

目的探讨经导管选择性动脉栓塞在创伤性泌尿系出血急诊治疗中的价值. 方法 1998年1月～2003年6月对27例创伤性泌尿系出血根据损伤出血部位行数字减影血管造影检查,明确出血动脉,明胶海绵颗粒或弹簧钢圈栓塞靶动脉. 结果 23例一次栓塞成功止血,2例2次栓塞后止血,2例栓塞失败改行其他治疗方法.栓塞后不良反应为发热16例,局部疼痛、恶心、呕吐14例,1例髂内动脉栓塞出现一过性臀部疼痛. 结论选择性动脉栓塞是治疗创伤性泌尿系出血的有效措施,具有创伤小、见效快的优点,为进一步治疗创造条件.     

用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定或经腹壁固定治疗真性女性压力性尿失禁

目的总结用人工合成材料的吊带经不同的途径治疗女性压力性尿失禁的方法和结果。方法采用人工合成材料的吊带经耻骨固定（In—Fast）技术治疗3例，用经腹壁固定（TVT和IVS）技术治疗13例。结果绝大多数病人均排尿通畅．无尿失禁复发。但TVT组有1例排尿不畅，3个月后剪断吊带后变为轻度尿失禁。In-fast组有1例性交不适伴阴道分泌物增加。结论用人工合成材料的吊带进行悬吊技术治疗女性真性压力性尿失禁是安全、微创和有效的手术方式。经耻骨固定技术和用经腹壁固定技术这两种方法各有自己的优缺点。应根据病人的具体情况去选择使用。     

脑卒中与排尿障碍的研究进展

排尿障碍是脑卒中患者的常见症状,严重影响患者的生活质量,分析排尿障碍与脑卒中的关系对指导脑卒中治疗具有重要意义。本文通过查阅大量国内外文献,综合论述近年有关脑卒中与排尿障碍的研究及其进展。     

正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术的疗效观察

目的:探讨正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术的临床疗效.方法:对17例膀胱肿瘤患者行膀胱全切除术后,应用末段回肠及盲升结肠作贮尿囊行正位膀胱重建术.结果:17例中15例获随访6～24个月,平均14.5个月.全组无严重并发症,均无瘤生存;术后3周自主可控性排尿,日间排尿可控率为93.3%,1年夜间尿失禁22.2%.术后6个月尿动力学检查,膀胱容量336 ml、最大尿流率13.7 ml/s、剩余尿量42 ml,而充盈期膀胱压力明显低于尿道闭合压.输尿管反流1例,但无尿道、输尿管狭窄,肾功能正常.结论:正位可控性去带盲结肠膀胱术具有膀胱容量大、内压低,正位排尿,可控性好,且手术操作简单、并发症少等优点,患者易于接受,是一种较理想的尿流改道方式.