Examinations of Polyvidone-lodine* as an Irrigation Solution for Spermatic Duct Occlusions

Summary: In vitro experiments with human sperm as well as animal experiments were carried out to test the applicability of polyvidone-iodine as an irrigation solution for spermatic duct occlusions. The substance polyvidone-iodine was initially chosen on the basis of spermiograms because of its ability to immobilize spermatozoa, and then its spermicidal effect was clearly proven by means of eosin vital staining. The aim of the animal experiments was to examine the substance for possible histotoxic side effects and to ascertain the retention of residual sperm in the ampulla area of the vas deferens. Polyvidone-iodine fulfills all the required criteria as an irrigation solution: it is definitely spermicidal with no long-term histotoxic side effects; in addition, it acts as a disinfectant and is easily obtainable as well as inexpensive. Postoperative azoospermia is attained in animal experiments after four weeks at the most. Untersuchungen des Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod* als Spüllösung bei Vasokklusionen Zusammenfassung: Mit In-vitro-Versuchen an menschlichem Sperma und in Tierexpe-rimenten wurde die Verwendbarkeit des Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod als Spüllösung bei Vasokklusionen getestet. Fur die zunächst anhand von Spermiogrammen wegen ihrer Fähigkeit, Spermien zu immobilisieren, ausgewählte Substanz Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod wurde dann mittels der Eosin-Vitalfärbung eine eindeutige Spermizidie nachgewiesen. Die Tierexperimente dien-ten einerseits zur Untersuchung der Substanz auf mögliche histotoxische Nebenwirkun-gen, zum anderen zielten sie auf die Feststellung der Verweildauer von Restspermien im AmpuUenbereich des Vas deferens ab. Das Polyvinylpyrrolidon-Jod erfüllt als Spüllüsung alle geforderten Kriterien: es ist si-cher spermizid bei Fehlen langfristiger histotoxischer Nebenwirkungen, wirkt zudem des-infizierend und ist leicht verfügbar wie auch preisgünstig. Die postoperative Azoospermie ist im Tierexperiment nach längstens vier Wochen gegeben.     

New detection method for uropepsinogen (PGA) using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting techniques

Summary Uropepsinogen (PGA) was isolated and purified from human urine using a column chromatography series. The purified PGA was injected into a rabbit and a PGA-specific antibody was obtained. PGA isozymogen in human urine could be detected reproducibly by immunoblotting using this antibody after isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF) on polyacrylamide gels. This technique may prove to be useful in the genetic study of PGA polymorphism.Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan     

Effect of antiepileptic drug polytherapy on urinary pH in children and young adults

Objects  The relationship between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) polytherapy and urinary pH was studied to demonstrate the effect and difference of AED polytherapy compared to monotherapy. Materials and methods  A total of 271 urine samples from patients receiving AED polytherapy aged from 7 months to 35 years were enrolled. Two AEDs were co-administered to 215 patients, three AEDs to 45 patients, four AEDs to ten patients, and five AEDs to one patient. Results  The distribution of urinary pH shifted to the alkaline range with increasing numbers of co-administered AEDs (p < 0.0001). The distribution of urinary pH shifted to the alkaline side with AED polytherapy that included valproate (p < 0.05) or acetazolamide (p < 0.03). The distribution of urinary pH did not change with or without zonisamide, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, or clonazepam. Conclusions  Urinary pH should be monitored in patients receiving AED polytherapy, particularly those receiving valproate, acetazolamide, or various AEDs in combination.     

双侧上尿路结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭(附40例报告)

目的：探讨双侧上尿路结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的诊断及治疗方法。方法：通过Ｂ超、ＫＵＢ、逆行插管造影检查明确诊断并通过肾、输尿管切开取石，肾穿刺造瘘，输尿管插管引流，ＥＳＷＬ达到治疗目的。结果：术后全部患者尿毒症症状减轻或消失，血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、血肌酐（Ｃｒ）均不同程度降低或恢复正常。结论：对双侧上尿路结石宜争取同期施行双侧手术，因并发严重感染或患者一般情况差而无法取石者则应及早作输尿管逆行插管     

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Sj?gren’s syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases which have many similarities with interstitial cystitis (IC), a urinary bladder disease with unknown etiology. This survey on the occurrence, severity and nature of lower urinary tract symptoms among patients suffering from SS or SLE showed that these patients have significantly more urinary complaints, especially irritative bladder symptoms, than age- and sex-matched controls. We studied 36 patients with SS, 85 patients with SLE and 121 controls. In these groups, 25%, 29% and 66%, respectively, were free of urinary symptoms. The prevalences of mild symptoms were 61%, 62% and 27%, and severe symptoms 14%, 9% and 7% in the respective groups. SS and SLE patients with urinary complaints reported mostly urinary frequency (27% and 62%) and suprapubic pain (36% and 34%). The most common symptom in the control group was stress urinary incontinence. The frequency of lower urinary tract problems in patients with SS and SLE supports the concept that autoimmune disorders also have bladder affections.     

糖尿病并发尿路感染相关因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病并发尿路感染的相关因素。方法回顾性分析350例糖尿病患者临床资料。结果350例糖尿病患者中，并发尿路感染73例，占20．9％，女性186例患者中尿路感染者54例（29．0％），高于男性糖尿病患者164例中尿路感染者19例（11．6％）（X^2=16．08，P〈0．01）；空腹血糖〈11．1mmol／L，尿路感染者31例（17．4％），空腹血糖≥11．1mmol／L，尿路感染者42例（24．4％），餐后2h血糖〈16．7mmol／L，尿路感染者28例（15．4％），餐后2h血糖≥16．7mmol／L，尿路感染者45例（26．8％），血糖越高，尿路感染的发生率也越高（X^2=2．60、6．88，P〈0．01）；病程≥5年的糖尿病患者183例中并发尿路感染者48例（26．2％），高于病程〈5年的糖尿病患者167例中并发尿路感染者25例（15．0％）（X^2=6．70，P〈0．01）；尿培养显示致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主，占84．9％（62／73），主要为大肠埃希菌，占59．7％（37／62），其次为粪肠球菌，占11．2％（7／62），另还有阴沟杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、克雷伯杆菌、产气杆菌、变形杆菌、白色念珠菌等。结论糖尿病并发尿路感染多见于女性、病程长、血糖高患者。     

糖耐量减低患者餐后2小时尿微量白蛋白,尿糖的改变及意义

目的：了解与正常成人相比糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）患者餐后２小时尿微量白蛋白、尿糖的改变及意义。方法：对３６例ＩＧＴ患者、３０例正常成人于早晨空腹抽血查ＦＢＧ、ＢＵＮ及Ｃｒ、血脂后排尿，口服７５ｇ葡萄糖粉，２小时后查血糖、尿糖、尿白蛋白、尿Ｃｒ。结果：ＩＧＴ组与正常对照组相比餐后２小时尿Ｇｌｕ／Ｃｒ及尿Ａｌｂ／Ｃｒ均明显升高；ＩＧＴ患者中，血脂增高者与血脂正常者相比餐后２小时尿Ｇｌｕ／Ｃｒ较６高，但无统     

乙二醇生产工人尿中酶及低分子蛋白的含量

本文报道了30名乙二醇生产工人三种尿酶及尿中二种微球蛋白排出的变化,并对诸指标的敏感性和应用价值进行了分析。乙二醇接触组工人尿酶及尿中低分子蛋白含量明显高于对照组,说明肾脏功能受到损伤,但无任何临床表现,一般肾功能检查显示正常。研究结果提示长期接触乙二醇可导致慢性肾小管功能障碍。而尿NAG 和α_1-m 是反映乙二醇所致肾损伤较为敏感的二个指标,可用作非损伤性对肾功能的检测手段。     

Definition of normal female pelvic floor anatomy using ultrasonographic techniques.

Urogynecology deals with anatomic and physiologic defects of the female pelvic floor, including urinary and anal incontinence. Ultrasonographic investigation of the female pelvic floor may be helpful in diagnosis and management of both symptom complexes. To interpret pelvic floor ultrasound studies, normal parameters are necessary. Ten asymptomatic control subjects were studied for internal and external anal closing pressures, anal-rectal angles, puborectalis muscle movement, position of urethral egress, and amount and direction of urethrovesical junction mobility. Means and standard deviations for each parameter were obtained. Comparison to studies performed during the same time interval on patients symptomatic for urinary or anal incontinence is discussed.     

尿路上皮肿瘤患者外周血Uroplakin Ⅱ基因检测的意义

目的　探讨尿路上皮特异性跨膜蛋白UroplakinⅡ (UP Ⅱ )表达在尿路上皮肿瘤血行播散及判断化疗效果中的意义。　方法　采用RT PCR法检测 5 4例尿路移行上皮癌 (TCC)患者外周血标本UP Ⅱ表达 ,并对 4例接受化疗的患者进行追踪检测。　结果　表浅肿瘤患者外周血UP ⅡmRNA无阳性表达 ,浸润性肿瘤患者阳性表达率 2 0 .8% (5 / 2 4 ) ,局部淋巴结转移者 2例中阳性表达 1例 ,有远处转移者 2例均阳性表达。 7例接受化疗者治疗前UP Ⅱ均呈阳性表达 ,2～ 3个疗程后 3例转阴。　结论　UP Ⅱ检测对于判断尿路上皮肿瘤的血行播散、转移及治疗反应有重要意义。