不同剂量的前列地尔对心绞痛患者氧化应激及血液流变学的影响

目的探析不同剂量前列地尔对心绞痛患者氧化应激及血液流变学的影响。方法以我院2011年6月到2015年6月共收治心绞痛门诊患者87例进行研究,分为A组(n=44)与B组(n=43),两组均首先给予常规抗心绞痛治疗,在此基础上应用前列地尔注射液,A组剂量为20μg、B组剂量为10μg,比较两组治疗前后氧化应激(评估指标包括CRP、TNF-α、IL-6)、治疗前后血液流变学(评估指标高切黏度、低切黏度、血浆黏度、血小板聚集率)及心电图总有效率。结果两组治疗前CRP、TNF-α、IL-6的差异均无统计学意义,治疗后A组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均分别低于该组治疗前及B组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗前各项血液流变学指标的差异均无统计学意义,治疗后A组高切黏度、低切黏度、血浆黏度、血小板聚集率均分别低于该组治疗前及B组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组治疗总有效率为95.4%(42/44),高于B组86.0%(37/43),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.305,P=0.1290.05)。结论常规剂量(20μg/d)前列地尔治疗心绞痛患者可更有效改善氧化应激及流变,为理想治疗方案。     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ测定对于不稳定型心绞痛患者微小心肌损伤的临床价值

目的 探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）测定对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者微小心肌损伤的诊断及预后评估的临床价值.方法 60例UAP患者（UAP组）测定血清cTnⅠ含量,以cTnⅠ≥0.1 μgL为cTnⅠ阳性组,cTnⅠ＜0.1μg/L为cTnⅠ阴性组,分析其基本临床资料、冠状动脉病变、心脏事件的相关性.另选取同期健康体检者40例作为对照组.结果 UAP组cTnⅠ阳性率（35.0％,21/60）明显高于对照组（0）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.cTnⅠ阳性组冠状动脉多支病变和/或高度狭窄发生率（19.0％,4/21）高于cTnⅠ阴性组（5.1％,2/39）,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;90 d内心脏事件发生率cTnⅠ阳性组（33.3％,7/21）明显高于cTnⅠ阴性组（5.1％,2/39）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 血清低水平cTnⅠ是反映微小心肌损伤的敏感和特异指标,cTnⅠ定量测定对UAP患者危险分层及预后评价有重要意义.     

The possible antianginal effect of allopurinol in vasopressin-induced ischemic model in rats

The anti-anginal effects of allopurinol were assessed in experimental model rats of angina and their effects were evaluated with amlodipine. In the vasopressin-induced angina model, oral administration of allopurinol in dose of 10 mg/kg revealed remarkably analogous effects in comparison with amlodipine such as dose-dependent suppression of vasopressin-triggered time, duration and severity of ST depression. In addition, allopurinol produced dose dependent suppression of plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, systolic blood pressure, cardiac contractility and cardiac oxygen consumption; while in contrast, amlodipine minimally suppressed the elevation of plasma MDA level. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, serum nitrate were strikingly increased, however lipid profile was significantly reduced. Seemingly, allopurinol was found to be more potent than amlodipine – a calcium channel antagonist. To conclude, it was explicitly observed and verified that on the ischemic electrocardiography (ECG) changes in angina pectoris model in rats, allopurinol exerts a significant protective effects, reminiscent of enhancement of vascular oxidative stress, function of endothelial cells, improved coronary blood flow in addition to the potential enhancement in myocardial stress. Moreover, our findings were in conformity with several human studies.     

Medial sustainable nail versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in treating AO/OTA 31-A2.3 fractures: Finite element analysis and biomechanical evaluation

Objectives

Using finite element analysis and biomechanical tests, the biomechanical behaviors of Medial Sustainable Nail (MSN) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) were compared for the fixation of fracture type of AO/OTA 31-A2.3.

Investigation of perioperative hidden blood loss of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly treated with different intramedullary fixations

ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate perioperative hidden blood loss (PHBL) of unstable intertrochanteric fracture (UIF) in the elderly treated with different intramedullary fixations.Patients and methods120 consecutive elderly patients with UIF treated by intramedullary nails between January 2013 and September 2016 were enrolled in the retrospective study, including 52 patients (mean age 79.6 ± 6.3) for the Third generation Gamma Nail (TGN), 51 patients (mean age 79.3 ± 7.4) for the Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-rotation (PFNA), 17 patients (mean age 76.2 ± 5.8) for the Intertrochanteric Antegrade Nail (InterTan). The PHBL and total blood loss (TBL) were calculated based on the haematocrit change from admission to 72 h after the operation. The differences of perioperative visible blood loss (PVBL), PHBL, and TBL among TGN, PFNA, and InterTan were compared. The statistical analysis was made using One-way ANOVA for comparison among groups, and Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to a direct comparison between two procedures.ResultsThe mean TBL of all patients was 911.3 mL (range, 446.8-1697.3 mL), whereas the mean PHBL was 771.8 mL (range, 331.5–1756.5 mL), being about 84.5% of TBL. The PVBL in the TGN group was 201.4 ± 101 mL, the TBL was 871.3 ± 196.1 mL, the PHBL was 709.4 ± 181 mL. In the PFNA group, the PVBL was 147.3 ± 81.6 mL, the TBL was 892.6 ± 234.8 mL, and the PHBL was 787.7 ± 250.9 mL. The InterTan group had a PVBL of 246.5 ± 89.7 mL, the TBL was 1086.1 ± 198.1 mL where the PHBL was 910 ± 167.9 mL. The patients in the InterTan group had the largest amount of PHBL and TBL among three groups (P < 0.01), there was no difference between TGN and PFNA group (P = 0.2141).ConclusionsElderly patients with UIF treated by intramedullary fixations always have a significant amount of PHBL, which is much greater than that observed intra-operatively. Regular perioperative measurements of full blood count are necessary to avoid anaemia. InterTan nail is associated with a significantly higher PHBL than that of TGN and PFNA, which needs to be monitored carefully in usual clinical practice.     

Advances in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Elderly Patients

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and the most common cause of death in older adults. Paradoxically, elderly patients tend to be systematically excluded from randomized-controlled cardiovascular trials, which complicates decision-making in this population. Management of CHD in the elderly is frequently more difficult in virtue of chronic comorbid conditions and aging-intrinsic dynamics. Despite these challenges, the number of elderly and very elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is increasing. Elderly patients in many registries and large clinical series exhibit even a greater benefit from interventional procedures than younger patients, but they have a higher rate of overall complications. We present an overview of the current available evidence of PCI in older adults with stable and unstable CHD, including comparisons between drug-eluting and bare-metal stents, transfemoral and transradial access, and methods of revascularization. Adjuvant antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies are also discussed.