Structural Causes of Cardiac Dysfunction in Uremia

While coronary heart disease is undoubtedly a major cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality in uremia, important noncoronary problems contribute to the common presence of cardiac problems. Based on clinical and experimental studies, we could show: (i) Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be dissociated, at least in part, from elevation of blood pressure, (ii) In uremia, PTH-dependent intermyo-cardiocytic fibrosis occurs; it may account, at least in part, for disturbed LV compliance and contribute to the arrhythmogenic potential. (iii) Blood pressure-independent abnormalities of intracardiac arterioles and reduced myocardial capillary supply are observed.     

A Comparison of FES with KAFO for Providing Ambulation and Upright Mobility in a Child with a Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

This study compared functional and physiologic measures of ambulation and upright mobility with functional electrical stimulation (FES) versus knee-ankle-foot-orthoses (KAFO) in an 11-year-old boy with a T-10 level spin.il cord injury. The child was a limited community ambulator with bilateral KAFO and loftstrand crutches. The FES system consisted of percutaneous intramuscular electrodes controlled by a portable stimulator and thumbswitch, an AFO for ankle and foot support, and loftstrand crutches. The subject used a swing-through gait pattern with both modes of mobility. The Functional Independence Measure scoring system and time to completion were used to compare performance in 6 standardized activities: donning, high transfer, inaccessible toilet transfer, ascend/descend stairs, and floor-to-standing transfer. Ten repeated measures were performed for each mode. Physiologic measures included energy expenditure, postural stability using forceplates, and a Functional Standing Test (FST). The subject performed all 6 mobility activities independently with FES and KAFO. In 4 of 6 activities, there was a trend toward faster times with FES, but this was not statistically significant. Toilet transfers and stair descent were performed significantly faster with KAFO. There was no difference in completion times on the activities of the FST. Measures of postural sway suggested that the subject was more stable with KAFO during quiet standing, while the modes were equal during a dynamic activity (raising arm for functional use). Energy expenditure results revealed no significant difference in oxygen cost per meter but a significantly higher oxygen consumption rate per minute for FES. Ambulation with both modes was performed at levels consistent with strenuous exercise. Maximum ambulation distances were relatively equal while the subject’s velocity was significantly faster with FES. Of note, the subject reported ceasing ambulation during maximum distance trials due to general fatigue when using FES and due to shoulder pain with KAFO ambulation. For this subject, FES provided a means of performing upright mobility tasks independently, comparable with that of KAFO, while providing a faster ambulation velocity and a potential means of cardiovascular training.     

Future trends in spi al cord stimulation

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been available for about 30 years, but only in the past five years has it met with widespread acceptance and recognition by the medical community. Traditionally performed by neurosurgeons, SCS is being increasingly utilized by anesthesiologists, orthopedic surgeons and physiatrists. Pain management continues to be the most widespread application of SCS. More sophisticated technology has allowed the implanters to successfully address more complex pain syndromes such as widespread reflex sympathetic dystrophy and the failed back syndrome. Other applications are being developed, combining the ability to stimulate the spinal cord, the nerve roots and the peripheral nerves. Examples include angina pectoris, urinary incontinence and occipital neuralgia. Computer-interactive programming is gaining popularity, especially due to the extreme complexity of the implanted stimulation devices. The ability to stimulate independently multiple channels as well as multiple arrays of electrodes is today a reality. This has increased greatly the efficacy, safety and reliability of the modality. In the future, SCS will undoubtedly move several steps up in the treatment ladder of chronic pain conditions, while new applications will be discovered. The future of neural implantable technologies is bright, with an increasingly important role in the medical management of chronic conditions affecting the nervous system. [Neurol Res 2000; 22: 279-284]     

股骨重建钉和解剖锁定钢板治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的比较

目的:对比应用股骨重建钉(femoral reconstruction nail,FRN)和股骨近端解剖锁定钢板(proximal femoral anatomic locking plate,PFALP)治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析45例不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折患者临床资料,比较两组患者平均手术时间,术中出血量,输血量,扶拐下地时间,骨折临床愈合时间,Harris评分及不良事件等的差异。结果:FRN组患者平均手术时间和扶拐下地时间均少于PFALP组[(62.4±19.3)min vs(79.1±22.7)min,P=0.02;(41.3±13.7)d vs(71.2±16.0)d,P<0.01],术中出血量明显多于PFALP组[(190.2±45.9)m L vs(161.0±39.3)m L,P=0.04];两组患者平均输血量和骨折愈合时间的差异无统计学意义[(122.2±96.4)m L vs(106.2±94.4)m L,P=0.38;(82.7±11.5)d vs(89.7±11.3)d,P=0.06]。术后3个月,FRN组患者平均Harris评分优于PFALP组[(81.10±7.25)分vs(75.26±8.17)分,P=0.02];术后6个月,两组Harris评分差异无统计学意义[(85.61±5.20)分vs(83.28±6.92)分,P=0.21]。FRN组和PFALP组患者分别发生不良事件2例和5例,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.15)。结论:FRN和PFALP均是治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的有效方式,FRN较PFALP手术时间和扶拐下地时间更短,但PFALP组术中出血量明显少于FRN组。     

Effect of pharmacist care on medication adherence and cardiovascular outcomes among patients post-acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

Background

The impact of collaborative and multidisciplinary health care on the outcomes of care in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is well-established in the literature. However, there is lack of high quality evidence on the role of pharmacist care in this setting.

心肌损伤标志物在不稳定型心绞痛中的应用价值

目的探讨肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)检测在不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)诊断中的应用价值。方法应用快速免疫层析法定性检测UAP患者入院即刻血清中的MYO、cTnI、CK-MB并计算其阳性率。结果45例UAP组中MYO阳性21例,阳性率46.67%;cTnI阳性9例,阳性率20%;CK-MB阳性4例,阳性率8.89%。与40例健康对照组相比较,UAP组中MYO和cTnI明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),有明显统计学意义;而CK-MB与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时发现cTnI阳性的病人心肌梗死等复合心脏事件的发生率明显高于cTnI阴性者。结论MYO和cTnI在UAP诊断中有较高的临床应用价值。     

至阳穴治疗心绞痛

自1985年以来,我们采用中西结合首创至阳穴治疗心绞痛的三种方法。临床治疗1245例心绞痛,1220例有效,有效率97%,显效1147例,显效率92%。并完成14篇临床运用和机理探讨的研究报告。证明此法能使左、右冠状动脉主干在两个时相中均得到扩张,可改善心脏收缩和舒张功能,增加左室顺应性,降低心肌耗氧量。因而,可以有效地缓解心绞痛、且具有起效快、作用久、无药物副作用等优点。     

冠心丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效与安全性系统评价

目的:系统评价冠心丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效与安全性。方法:计算机检索自建库至2019年10月CNKI-WanFang-VIP-SinoMed-PubMed-Web of Science-Cochrane Library数据库,搜索并筛选符合纳入标准的冠心丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的随机对照试验。按Cochrane手册5.1.0推荐的质量评价标准对纳入研究的RCT文献进行偏倚分析,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入24篇文献,Meta分析结果显示:冠心丹参滴丸与西药联合应用较单纯西药治疗在心绞痛症状改善方面疗效较好[(RR=1.20,95%CI:(1.10,1.30),Z=4.18,P<0.0001)]; 冠心丹参滴丸可有效改善患者心电图疗效(RR=1.27,95%CI:[1.19,1.34],Z=7.60,P<0.00001),降低心绞痛发作频率(WMD=-0.93,95%CI:[-1.18,-0.69],Z=7.53,P<0.00001)。结论:冠心丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛有一定的疗效,其在血脂水平及血液流变学指标等方面也具有统计学意义,治疗效果明显优于单纯常规治疗或西医治疗。不良反应情况较为轻微,提示安全性较好,但受到纳入研究的质量影响,部分结局指标可能存在偏倚,因此,近一步证据仍有待高质量大样本随机对照试验提供。     

Volar locking plate: Age related outcomes and complications

BackgroundThere is no unanimity for the treatment of distal radius fractures in older people. The purpose of our study is to assess the efficacy of volar locking plate for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures in older independent individuals.MethodsA retrospective comparative study of 105 patients. 58 patients were below the age of 55 years and 47 above the age of 55 years. Mean follow-up was 18.4 months in patients below the age of 55 years and 18.1 months above the age of 55 years. Wrist movements, complications, reoperations, grip strength, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, and Mayo wrist score were analysed.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the wrist movements, grip strength, complications, reoperations, VAS, QuickDASH and Mayo scores. Mean grip strength under 55 was 84.1 and above 55 was 84.5 (p = 0.87). The complication rate was 19.1% above 55 years of age and 17.2% below the age of 55years (p = 0.79). The reoperation rate above 55 years was 8.5% and below 55 years was 8.6% (p = 0.50). Mean VAS under 55 years of age was 1.6 and above 55 years was 1.7 (p = 0.58). Mean Mayo score in under 55 was 80.7 and 80.1 in above 55 (p = 0.78). Mean Quick DASH score under 55 was 20.9 and above 55 was 21.0 (p = 0.97).ConclusionOur results indicate that outcomes in older independent patients are satisfactory with a comparable complication and reoperation rate with younger individuals. We conclude that a volar locking plate is a favourable modality for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures in older patients.     

Use of INFIX for managing unstable anterior pelvic ring injuries: A systematic review

IntroductionSubcutaneous screw rod system which is popularly known as Pelvic internal fixator (INFIX) has emerged as an alternative to external fixators in management of unstable pelvic injuries. INFIX has shown various advantages over external fixation such as reduced infection rate and patient morbidity. However, it has its own set of complications such as lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, femoral nerve palsy etc. We intended to conduct a systematic review of the current literature to assess outcomes and complications with INFIX technique of fixation.MethodsA comprehensive search of literature was performed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and online database of EMBASE, PubMed, Medline and Scopus was searched for all studies in English language till March 2020. Included studies were reviewed for demographic data, fracture type/classification, radiological outcome and functional outcomes. The inclusion criteria were: 1. Studies in English language 2. Clinical studies reporting use of INFIX technique in pelvis fracture where clinical and radiological outcomes were reported.ResultsTwenty-two studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this systematic review with total of 619 patients. Radiographic parameters and outcome measures were infrequently reported. Fixation with INFIX in these fractures leads to 87% excellent to good radiological results and 84% excellent to good functional results. Complications include lateral femoral cutaneous nerve irritation (25.3%), heterotopic ossification (24.7%), infection (3%), and femoral nerve palsy (1.6%); which is likely related to placing the bar and screws too deep.ConclusionThis analysis supports the use of INFIX in management of unstable pelvis fractures where anterior fixation is required.