病灶清除一期前路植骨钛板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的　探讨胸腰椎结核病灶清除,一期前路植骨钛板内固定的手术方法与疗效。方法　对1997年5月~2003年6月收治的23例胸腰椎结核患者,术前常规应用异烟肼、链霉素、利福平和乙胺丁醇四联抗痨治疗最少3周,并纠正贫血及低蛋白血症。血沉恢复正常或连续观察低于50mm/h后进行手术。采取病灶清除、一期前路植骨、“K”形钛板内固定。术后继续抗痨治疗10-12个月。结果　手术时间2-3 5h,平均2 6h。输血400~1200ml,平均600ml。伤口一期愈合,随访时间18 -61个月,植骨融合时间为4~9个月,平均6个月。5例截瘫患者均恢复,术后脊柱后凸角度平均矫正19°。结论　采取病灶清除、一期前路植骨钛板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核,具有矫正后凸畸形,稳定脊柱,并发症少,术后早期离床活动的优点。是较安全有效的治疗方法。     

结核病临床分离株及痰标本中embB基因型的快速测定

目的建立快速测定结核病耐乙胺丁醇(EMB)分离株和痰标本中结核分枝杆菌EMB耐药基因型的方法，以期为患者提供及时、有效地化验结果。方法应用16S rDNA聚合酶链反应(PCR)-单链构象多态性(SSCP)和PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)对11株耐EMB分离株和46例结核病痰标本进行分子菌种鉴定和embB基因突变的部位与性质分析。结果以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv标准株为对照，11株耐EMB分离株和46例临床痰标本经16S rDNA PCR-SSCP分析电泳图谱均与结核分枝杆菌标准株相同；限制性内切酶NlaⅢ消化embB基因扩增产物显示，11株耐EMB分离株中4株(36．4％)不被NlaⅡ消化；46例结核病痰标本中10例(21．7％)不被NlaⅡ消化。结论部分结核分枝杆菌耐EMB是由于embB基因突变所致。采用PCR-SSCP和PCR-RFLP方法可直接快速测定结核病耐EMB分离株和痰标本中结核分枝杆菌耐EMB基因型。     

肺结核强化抗痨临床转归与甲状腺激素变化的关系

目的观察肺结核强化抗痨治疗临床转归与血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(γT3)水平的关系。方法对71例肺结核患者强化抗痨治疗前后血清FT3、FT4、γT3进行动态观察。结果强化治疗后好转组35例的血清FT3、FT4分别由(4.87±3.06)pmol/L、(15.55±5.77)pmol/L升至(5.79±3.31)pmol/L、(18.27±5.36)pmol/L,γT3由(0.42±0.18)nmol/L降至(0.29±0.12)nmol/L;恶化或无变化组36例的血清FT3、FT4分别由(3.56±2.38)pmol/L、(12.74±5.19)pmol/L降至(3.26±1.44)pmol/L、(11.63±4.96)pmol/L,γT3由(0.46±0.28)nmol/L升至(0.73±0.29)nmol/L。结论动态观察血清FT3、FT4、γT3的变化对评价强化抗痨疗效有一定临床意义。     

Imaging in isolated sacral tuberculosis: a review of 15 cases

Objective. To review imaging studies of isolated involvement of the sacrum due to tuberculosis and determine the role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of these patients. Design and patients. A retrospective analysis of 15 cases of isolated sacral tuberculosis imaged with MR imaging was performed. The CT images were also reviewed where available, and the various lesion characteristics were identified. We also reviewed the medical records in an attempt to determine the impact of the imaging studies on the management of these patients. Results. Fifteen patients (5 male, 10 female) presented with symptoms of 3–15 months’ duration. Chronic localized backache with muscle spasm was the commonest presenting symptom; discharging sinuses with abscess formation was found in six patients, five of whom were children. MR imaging of the sacrum revealed a hypointense marrow signal on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images in 14 of 15 patients, the S2 vertebra being always involved. CT revealed osteolytic changes in the sacrum in all the five patients in whom CT was performed. All patients showed marked clinical improvement within 1 year of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Conclusion. Isolated tuberculosis of the sacrum is uncommon but should be suspected in patients presenting with chronic low backache or children with discharging sinuses/abscesses and showing sacral destruction on CT or MR imaging. MR imaging can identify cases and enables early institution of anti- tuberculous chemotherapy. Received: 31 August 1999 Revision requested: 1 November 1999 Revision received: 27 March 2000 Accepted: 14 April 2000     

Mammary tuberculosis: percutaneous treatment of a mammary tuberculous abscess

It is currently very rare to find mammary involvement in cases of tuberculosis, in either primary or secondary form. Diagnosis is classically clinical and microbiological, and the basic techniques used in imaging diagnosis are mammography and ultrasound. Computed tomography may define the involvement of the thoracic wall in those cases which present as mammary masses adhering to deep levels, and is also able to evaluate accompanying pulmonary disease, if it is present. Traditionally, treatment has consisted of quadrantectomy and specific antibiotic therapy. We present a case of tuberculous mammary abscess secondary to pulmonary disease, which was treated by percutaneous drainage controlled by CT and specific antibiotic therapy. We revise the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of mammary tuberculosis. Received: 27 July 1998; Revision received: 2 February 1999; Accepted: 20 April 1999     

42例肺癌误诊肺结核的临床分析

目的　通过对 4 2例肺癌误诊肺结核病例的临床资料分析 ,探讨肺癌误诊的相关因素 ,提高肺癌早期诊断的符合率。方法　采用访视追踪、复查观察及病历资料查询等方法对 4 2例肺癌误诊为肺结核的病例进行回顾性分析。结果　在误诊为肺结核的 4 2例肺癌病例中 ,中心型肺癌 2 9例 ,周围型肺癌 13例 ;其中误诊为浸润型肺结核 37例 ,胸膜炎 5例。结论　虽然肺癌早期的X线表现缺乏特异性 ,但结合临床资料、CT及其它实验室检查资料进行综合分析 ,并在平时的工作中加强对误诊病例的回顾性分析 ,对提高肺癌的早期正确诊断大有帮助。     

耐药与敏感肺结核病人疾病经济负担对照研究

目的研究耐药与敏感肺结核病人的疾病经济负担.方法调查了15个"WHO结核病耐药监测"县(市)耐药与敏感病人207例,利用经济学评价方法,探讨其疾病经济负担.结果例均家庭疾病经济负担:初治耐药组为3061.5元、敏感组为2103.7元;复治耐药组为8414.0元、敏感组为6798.1元.例均社会疾病经济总负担,耐药患者为14655.30元,敏感患者为5740.68元.耐药是敏感的2.6倍.结论耐药肺结核病患者无论是家庭疾病经济负担,还是社会疾病经济负担都要比药物敏感肺结核患者要高.     

某市高等院校大学生结核病患病情况调查

目的　了解某市高等院校大学生的结核病患病状况 ,为制定预防控制策略措施提供依据。方法　采用整群抽样的方法 ,抽取3所高校 1 732名学生 ,采用结核菌素皮肤试验 (PPD)和症状问卷调查 ,对PPD试验≥ 1 5mm者及有咳嗽、咳痰≥ 2周 ,胸闷、胸痛、低热、体重下降 ,咯血或血痰 3项中 1项或 1项以上者 ,再行胸部X线透视 ,胸透异常者再做胸部摄片及痰结核菌检查。结果　受检的 1 72 3名大学生结核病患病率为 2 .79% ,其中女生为 3 .75 % ,男生为 2 .54 % ,差异无显著性。大学一～四年级学生结核病患病率分别为 2 .89% ,1 .79% ,4.2 0 % ,差异无显著性。发现结核菌涂片阳性者 3例 ,结核菌涂片阳性率为 0 .1 7%。结论　高校大学生的结核病患病率明显高于普通人群 ,是结核病控制的重点人群。     

河南省2001～2003年肺结核疫情流行病学分析

目的了解河南省肺结核发病水平及流行特点,探讨预防与控制策略.方法采用Excel 2000对全省2001～2003年肺结核疫情进行统计和分析.结果2001～2003年全省肺结核发病率分别为33.38/10万,41.41/10万和47.72/10万.地区分布豫南豫西地区高于豫北豫东地区;时间分布有很弱的季节性;年龄分布青年组和壮年组高于儿童组和老年组;性别分布男性明显大于女性;职业分布以农民为主.结论应加强河南省农村地区,特别是劳动力人群的肺结核防治工作的投入和管理力度.     

宁波市1996-2004年结核病痰涂片质控分析

目的探讨宁波市加强痰涂片质量保证提高发现结核病传染源。方法宁波市1996~2004年结核病人年报表按涂阳新登记对7个县(市)、区设在综合性医院,有5个县(市)、区设在疾病预防控制中心报告单位统计分析。结果1996~2004年痰涂片质控抽查,平均阳性符合率略低于卫生部室间质控≥98%的标准,阴性符合率符合卫生部室间质控≥96%的标准,质控质量总体呈上升趋势。9年间发现19 768例结核病人,涂阳病人8 317例。其中综合性医院发现涂阳病人3 974例占47.8%,疾控中心发现涂阳病人4 343例占52.2%。结论加强痰涂片质量控制,是提高发现结核病传染源的保证。痰检工作需领导重视,加强措施,固定人员,加强业务培训,抓痰检质控,保证检出率,达到高发现传染源的目的。