住院肺结核病人耐药状况与疗效分析

目的　了解结核病医院中住院病人的耐药及多耐药结核病 ( MDR-TB)流行情况、特点及影响因素。方法　用临床流行病学方法进行统计和分析。结果　耐药率为 3 0 .71 % ,MDR-TB发病率为1 1 .68% ,初始 MDR-TB为 2 .55% ,继发 MDR-TB为 9.1 3 % ,MDR-TB死亡率为 9.4 8%。结论　耐药及MDR-TB发病率逐年增加 ,高死亡率。     

病灶清除内固定植骨治疗胸椎结核

目的;探讨手术治疗胸椎结核的更好方法。方法;自１９９０年以来,对２１例胸椎结核导致椎柱不稳的患者,应用病灶清除,哈氏棒内固定,椎间及椎板植骨的手术方法。本组平均３３．２岁。胸７椎体６例,胸８椎体８例,胸１０椎体７例,椎体压缩〈１／２椎体高度１３例,〉１／２椎体高度８例,并不全瘫１４例。手术中先行病灶清除,然后哈氏棒内固一,撑开后再次清除病灶,取肋骨和髂骨行椎间及椎板上植骨。术后化疗１２～１５月。结     

The BCG controversy

The history of tuberculosis control by vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is reviewed. Use of the vaccine is evaluated in light of conflicting results from trials of BCG efficacy. Explanatinations are suggested for the variations between trials, and the continued use of BCG as a vaccine against tuberculosis is discussed.     

Radiographic findings in tuberculosis of the calvarium

We reviewed the pattern of involvement of the calvarium by tuberculosis (TB) in five patients and the role of imaging in its management. Four patients presented with localised scalp swelling and one with generalized seizures. Radiographs revealed lucent lesions with minimal surrounding sclerosis in the frontal (2), parietal (2) and occipital (1) bones. CT showed lesions involving the entire thickness of the calvarium and accompanying contrast-enhancing soft tissue. The patient presenting with seizures had a ring-enhancing lesion in the parietal lobe in addition to the extra-axial lesions. Although radiographs in all cases demonstrated calvarial TB, CT showed the extent of the defect, involvement of adjacent soft tissues, and in one case an intra-axial lesion. Radiographs suffice for follow-up of these patients. Received: 23 July 1999 Accepted: 20 September 1999     

传染性肺结核患者家庭中儿童结核感染发病及预防的研究

目的　分析传染性肺结核患者家庭中的儿童结核感染和发病情况 ,探讨预防儿童发病的有效方案。方法　对与传染性肺结核患者密切接触的儿童进行X线胸透和做结核菌素试验 ;对结核菌素强阳性者给予预防性治疗。结果　与传染性肺结核患者密切接触的儿童感染率为 88 2 %。规则预防治疗组、不规则预防治疗组和不接受预防治疗组的患病率分别为 :8 3%、4 7 6 %、5 8 8%。结论　与传染性肺结核患者密切接触的儿童属于高危人群 ,给予预防性治疗可减少发病。     

Tuberculous granuloma in haemangiomatous nasal polyp

Tuberculosis of upper respiratory tract is quite infrequent especially the nasal involvement. Isolated cases have been reported by certain authors. A ease of nasal tubercolosis is being presented for its rare site and its association with haemangioma.     

病灶清除椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎结核15例报告

目的 观察病灶清除椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法 全组15例，病灶涉及2节椎体10例，3节椎体5例。术前后凸畸形成角13℃～45℃，平均30℃。手术采用瘸灶清除椎体间植骨融合，使用自体肋骨5例，髂骨10例。植骨加前路钢板固定2例。结果 平均随访4年，优良率92％，植骨融合率97％。术后后凸畸形成角5℃～20℃，平均14℃。结论 胸腰椎结核病灶清除椎间植骨融合，能恢复脊柱的稳定性，骨融合率高，可纠正脊柱后凸畸形，减少晚期腰背痛的发生。     

Infection control and paediatric tuberculosis: A practical guide for the practicing paediatrician

Tuberculosis (TB) in children requires close attention to infection control to prevent transmission to other patients and health care workers. Although many children with TB are not infectious, appropriate airborne precautions must be maintained until conditions that increase the risk of transmission have been ruled out and accompanying adults, who may also be infectious, have been screened. Concurrent strategies to prevent TB transmission should be implemented, including administrative, engineering and personal protective measures. The most important measure is maintaining a high clinical index of suspicion for TB in patients with compatible symptoms and epidemiological risk factors. Comprehensive tuberculin skin test programmes and the use of N 95 masks can reduce the risk of transmission within health care settings. Current standards of practice should be followed to prevent transmission from patients with active TB disease.     

超声鉴别良恶性淋巴结价值探讨

目的　分析探讨多普勒超声鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的价值。方法　选择 13 2例淋巴结增大病例 ,按病理或抗感染治疗结果分为淋巴结炎 86例 (组 1)、淋巴结结核 14例 (组 2 )、恶性淋巴瘤 10例 (组 3 )、转移性淋巴结 2 2例 (组 4) ,用高频探头及彩色多普勒 (CDFI)对其进行图像分析和数据测定。结果　组 1增大淋巴结周围多可见毛玻璃样炎性反应区 ,动脉血峰值流速 (Vp)为 ( 2 2 75± 8 0 0 )cm/s ,阻力指数 (RI)为 0 62± 0 0 3 ;组 2早期淋巴结周围也可见炎性反应区 ,后期有淋巴结融合、坏死液化及钙化 ,Vp为 ( 19 42± 13 2 2 )cm/s ,RI为 0 72± 0 0 9;组 3大多淋巴结内可见丰富的分支状或紊乱血流 ,部分有“穿结征”或动静脉分流 ,Vp为 ( 2 6 69± 2 0 3 5 )cm/s ,RI为 0 78± 0 2 3 ;组 4多有恶性肿瘤病史或可找到原发病灶 ,淋巴结内也可见动静脉分流现象 ,Vp为 ( 5 5 5 4± 41 87)cm/s ,RI为 0 81± 0 13。结论　①异常形态淋巴结 +“穿结征”或动静脉分流其中一项可初步判定为恶性。②异常形态淋巴结 +高Vp及高RI则不排除恶性可能     

青岛市2000／2001年结核病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的 了解青岛市结核病疫情及各市区防治现状，为改进防治措施，制定防治规划，提供科学依据。方法 采取整群不等比随机抽样，全市调查点9个，按照《第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查工作手册》要求进行。结果 实检人口14355人，占应检人口的97．2％；活动性肺结核患病率为202．02／10万，涂阳肺结核患病率为27．86／10万，较1990年活动性肺结核患病率242．03／10万、涂阳肺结核患病率30．02／10万年递减率分别为1.8％、0．8％。本次流调还显示：病人发现率低，漏报率高，漏登率及规律治疗率低，卡介苗接种阳转率低，均影响到疫情的下降。结论 青岛市结核病疫情仍较严重，防痨科普知识宣传，DOTS策略，重点人群普查，经费投入、卡介苗接种质量等防治措施有待加强。