Systematic review and meta-analysis of immune response of double dose of hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected patients

IntroductionThe prevalence of co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high and increases risk of hepatitis B chronicity and mortality. Despite guidelines for HIV-infected patients to be immunized against HBV, the immunogenicity of the HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients is lower than that in the HIV-seronegative population.MethodIn this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to investigate the response rate to an increased dose of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients. A fixed-effects model, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses, was used. We identified nine studies involving 970 HIV-positive vaccine recipients.ResultsThe study results were divided into two groups, depending on the time when antibody against hepatitis surface antigen was measured. Results showed a significant increase in response rates among patients who received a double dose of the vaccine versus the standard dose in both subgroups; the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.29) and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.73–3.01) for the rate that was measured 4–6 weeks and >12 months after completion of vaccination, respectively. The total OR was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.64–2.41). No heterogeneity was found.DiscussionOur meta-analysis shows that a double dose of the HBV vaccine may significantly improve the immune response in HIV-infected patients. Higher immunogenicity was observed, when it was measured 4–6 weeks and >12 months after completion of the vaccination.     

热带地区某综合医院院内真菌感染情况调查

目的 探讨住院患者医院内真菌感染的分布特点及危险因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,对解放军总医院海南医院2013年1月—2017年12月住院患者中医院内真菌感染病例406例进行回顾性分析。以同期住院患者医院内非真菌感染病例1 514例为对照组,对可能的影响因素用χ²检验先进行单因素分析,将单因素分析有统计学意义（P<0.05）的变量引入非条件Logistic回归分析中行多因素分析。结果 >60岁年龄段发生真菌感染的比例最高,占66.50%。>70~80岁患者中死亡例数所占的比例最高,占26.67%。真菌感染患者中以假丝酵母菌属感染为主,占88.04%。真菌感染部位以肺部感染居首位,占47.6%。侵袭性念珠菌感染白色念珠菌感染所占的比例最高,占47.07%。危险因素分析：单因素χ²检验显示,9个变量是影响真菌感染的危险因素（P<0.05）,将9个变量纳入非条件 Logistic回归分析中,按照OR值的大小,分别为抗菌药物使用种类、年龄、是否曾住ICU、侵入性操作、住院时间。结论 加强老年患者保护性隔离措施,加强病房环境消毒隔离,对于高龄、接受侵入操作治疗患者应加强病原学监测,严格掌握抗菌药物的使用指征,有助于控制医院内真菌感染。     

小儿反复呼吸道感染中医治疗进展

反复呼吸道感染是儿科常见病和多发病,中医防治该病有明显优势,也存在一些问题,简要综述近5年来中医治疗该病的文献。     

深圳市罗湖区泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及耐药性分析

目的分析深圳市罗湖地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及耐药性,为探索病原体分布及耐药率变迁提供实验依据。方法采用珠海银科药敏试剂套装进行支原体培养及药敏试验,并对检测结果进行分析。结果总体支原体感染、解脲脲原体和人型支原体混合感染均呈上升趋势,单纯解脲脲原体感染逐年下降,单纯人型支原体感染逐年上升。环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和罗红霉素为支原体感染耐药前3位抗生素,并且其耐药率明显增高。结论深圳市罗湖地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药状况日趋严重,逐年增加的人型支原体感染可能是支原体感染耐药性增多的重要因素。     

头孢噻肟钠/舒巴坦钠治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效评价

目的 :评价头孢噻肟钠 /舒巴坦钠治疗下呼吸道感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法 :70例下呼吸道感染患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组 (35例 )给予头孢噻肟钠 /舒巴坦钠 2 .5g ,静脉滴注 ,每日 2次 ,对照组 (35例 )给头孢噻肟钠 2 .0g ,静脉滴注 ,每日 2次 ,疗程均为 7d～ 14d。观察并比较两组临床疗效、不良反应和细菌清除率。结果 :治疗组临床痊愈率 80 .0 % ,总有效率 91.4 % ,细菌清除率 90 .0 % ;而对照组分别为 5 7.1%、6 8.6 %和 6 4 .3%。两组间差异均有显著性。两组不良反应发生率均为 2 .9%。结论 :头孢噻肟钠 /舒巴坦钠治疗下呼吸道细菌感染临床疗效优于头孢噻肟钠 ,是广谱、高效、安全的抗菌药物     

Development and evaluation of a new PCR assay for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa D genotype

This report describes a new PCR-based assay for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotype D in occupational saturation diving systems in the North Sea. This genotype has persisted in these systems for 11 years (1993-2003) and represents 18% of isolates from infections analysed during this period. The new PCR assay was based on sequences obtained after randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis of a group of isolates related to diving that had been identified previously by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The primer set for the D genotype targets a gene that codes for a hypothetical class 4 protein in the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome. A primer set able to detect P. aeruginosa at the species level was also designed, based on the 23S-5S rDNA spacer region. The two assays produced 382-bp and 192-bp amplicons, respectively. The PCR assay was evaluated by analysing 100 P. aeruginosa isolates related to diving, representing 28 PFGE genotypes, and 38 clinical and community P. aeruginosa isolates and strains from other species. The assay identified all of the genotype D isolates tested. Two additional diving-relevant genotypes (TP2 and TP27) were also identified, as well as three isolates of non-diving origin. It was concluded that the new PCR assay is a useful tool for early detection and prevention of infections with the D genotype.     

TORCH感染与孕妇不良妊娠结局的调查

目的 探讨孕妇TORCH感染与流产、死胎、宫内感染、胎儿生长受限(FGR)、先天畸形等不良妊娠结局的相关性.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)检测方法,对医院880例发生流产、死胎、宫内感染、胎儿生长受限、先天畸形等不良妊娠结局的孕妇进行血清TORCH-IgM抗体检测分析,并与同期正常的孕妇880例作对照.结果 不良妊娠结局孕妇的TOX-IgM、RV-IgM、CMV-IgM和HSVⅡ-IgM阳性率分别为3.2％、4.2％、6.9％、5.1％,正常妊娠孕妇的TOX-IgM、RV-IgM、CMV-IgM和HSVⅡ-IgM阳性率分别为0.5％、1.3％、2.7％、1.6％,不良妊娠结局孕妇明显高于正常妊娠的孕妇,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 TORCH感染与不良妊娠结局有极其重要的关系,TORCH-IgM检测对优生优育有着很重要的意义.     

The Impact of Postoperative Wound Complications on Oncological Outcomes Following Immediate Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

The association between immediate breast reconstruction (IBR)-related wound complications and breast cancer recurrence (BCR) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the oncological outcomes in patients with wound complications following mastectomy and IBR. A comprehensive search was undertaken for all studies describing complications in patients with breast cancer following IBR. Studies were included if they reported on complications and investigated their relationship with BCR. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with data presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 1418 patients from five studies were included in the final analysis. The mean age of patients included was 47.2 years. A total of 382 (26.9%) patients had postoperative complications following a majority of implant-based IBR (929/1418). A total of 158 (11.1%) recurrences, which included 63 locoregional and 106 distant recurrences, was noted at a mean follow-up of 66 months. Although there was an increase in recurrence rates in the complication group (n = 66/382; 17.3% vs. n = 92/1036; 8.9%), there was no significant association between complications and BCR (17.3% vs. 8.9%; P = .18) or mortality (3.6% vs. 2.3%; P = .15). Time to adjuvant therapy was significantly increased in patients with complications (mean difference, 8.69 days; range, 1.18-16.21 days; P = .02; I² = 0.02).This meta-analysis demonstrated a higher incidence of wound complications following IBR and a statistically significant increased time to adjuvant therapy. However, this did not translate into adverse oncological outcomes in patients with breast cancer undergoing IBR.     

Coronavirus Disease Contact Tracing Outcomes and Cost,Salt Lake County,Utah, USA,March–May 2020

Outcomes and costs of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contact tracing are limited. During March–May 2020, we constructed transmission chains from 184 index cases and 1,499 contacts in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA, to assess outcomes and estimate staff time and salaries. We estimated 1,102 staff hours and $29,234 spent investigating index cases and contacts. Among contacts, 374 (25%) had COVID-19; secondary case detection rate was ≈31% among first-generation contacts, ≈16% among second- and third-generation contacts, and ≈12% among fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-generation contacts. At initial interview, 51% (187/370) of contacts were COVID-19–positive; 35% (98/277) became positive during 14-day quarantine. Median time from symptom onset to investigation was 7 days for index cases and 4 days for first-generation contacts. Contact tracing reduced the number of cases between contact generations and time between symptom onset and investigation but required substantial resources. Our findings can help jurisdictions allocate resources for contact tracing.