Adhesins of uropathogenic bacteria: Properties,identification and use for new antibacterial strategies

Adherence is a major virulence factor in the complex pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTI). Colonization of the urinary tract and subsequent spread of infection ascending to the kidneys depends not only on the expression of adhesins by bacteria but also on the presence of host factors which may either contribute to or inhibit infection. The presence of certain types of adhesins expressed by the bacteria and their interactions with epithelial cells play a role in determining where bacteria localize in the urinary tract, the kind and severity of symptoms and how the disease progresses. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying adherence may be useful for epidemiological research in the pathogenesis of UTI, for the diagnosis of different types of UTI and, in some cases, for prognosis. Furthermore, attachment to epithelia is a promising target for developing new methods in prophylaxis and therapy.     

长春地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原趋势

目的:探讨北方地区小儿急性呼吸道感染(ARIs)病原构成特点,为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,对574例ARIs患儿进行了肺炎支原体(Mp)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、肺炎支原体(CP)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(Adv)、流感病毒A型(Inf-A)、副流感病毒(PIV)等7种病原同步进行急性期血清特异性抗体IgM检测,同时设立健康对照组。结果:574例患儿共334例检出特异性IgM抗体,阳性率58.2%。按检出频率的高低依次为Mp28.9%(166/574),RSV13.6%(78/574),CP5.9%(34/574),CT4.4%(25/574),Adv3.3%(19/574),Inf-A1.2%(7/574),PIV0.9%(5/574),分别占阳性例数的49.7%(166/334)、23.3%(78/334)、10.2%(34/334)、7.5%(25/334)、5.7%(19/334)、2.1%(7/334)和1.5%(5/334);病原分布具有年龄差别。健康对照组仅检出1例MP-IgM阳性(1.7%)。结论:Mp、RSV及CT为小儿ARI的常见病原。Mp感染率逐渐增高,发病年龄有逐渐变小的趋势。     

Erythema multiforme during cytomegalovirus infection and oral therapy with terbinafine: a virus–drug interaction

The authors report a case of erythema multiforme in a 32-year-old woman who was also taking oral terbinafine for an onychomycosis. The patient data analysis showed serological positivity for cytomegalovirus (IgM and IgG) and hepatitis C virus and serological titre of antinuclear antibody was elevated. After a brief review of the literature the authors propose the possibility of virus-drug interaction as a model of adverse drug reactions.     

络合碘在预防阑尾炎术后切口感染中的作用

目的络合碘预防阑尾切除术后切口感染。方法0．05％络合碘冲洗切口65例。结果络合碘冲洗的化脓、坏疽或穿孔性阑尾炎切口无感染，与传统组感染率9．1％（6／66）比较p〈0.05（x^2=4．266）。结论0．05％络合碘冲洗切口是预防阑尾切除术后切口感染的有效方法。     

Chlamydial etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in the Sudan

The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in 110 Sudanese children with signs of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) was investigated. Four (3.6%) had evidence of C. pneumoniae infection, of whom 3 were culture-positive, while 1 had an antibody response suggesting a recent infection. IgG antibodies at a titer of ≥1:32 to C. pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were detected in 27 (24.5%), 27 (24.5%) and 7 (6.4%) of the 110 ALRI cases, respectively. C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis or C. psittaci were not detected in nasopharyngeal secretions from any of 110 patients when fluorescence-labeled specific monoclonal antibodies were used. In a seroepidemiological survey, 318 healthy Sudanese persons aged between 1 month and 67 years were studied for C. pneumoniae antibodies.     

人型支原体感染的血清流行病学研究

1989年3～4月对南京铁咯分局1423名健康人进行了人型支原体感染的血清流行病学调查。结果表明,人群中存在Mh感染抗体阳性率为3.72％,GMT为1:3.38。感染与性别、年龄、职业、婚姻、病史以及性接触等因素有关。提示该病是一种性传播疾病,应引起高度重视。     

Use of acute peritoneal dialysis catheters for intraperitoneal chemotherapy instead of the semipermanent/permanent Tenkhoff catheters

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was administered to 13 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, using acute peritoneal dialysis catheters immediately before the administration of the chemotherapy. A total of 59 cycles were administered, with insertion of the corresponding catheter. There were no inflow or outflow problems and no insertion-related complications. With the removal of the catheter after its use, there is no risk of abdominal infections.     

Specific and sensitive diagnosis of syphilis using a real-time PCR for Treponema pallidum

A real-time PCR assay with a Taqman probe was developed that targeted the polA gene of Treponema pallidum. The test was validated using an analytical panel (n = 140) and a clinical panel of genital samples (n = 112) from patients attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic. High sensitivities and specificities of 94-100% were achieved using two real-time PCR platforms, the Rotor-Gene and the iCycler. The assay can be completed within 2 h, enabling reporting in <8 h. This fast and robust assay is suitable for implementation in routine laboratories for diagnosing primary syphilis.     

烧伤感染的现状、对策与防治新动向

1 烧伤感染的现状2006年6月在昆山召开的第四届全国烧伤救治专题研讨会上,不同地区的烧伤中心或单位提供的微生物学调查资料中有不少共同点,其中很主要的一点就是:铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌仍是烧伤检出菌中的主要细菌,也是我国近50年来大面积深度烧伤救治工作中难以清除的病原菌,不变中的变化是其耐药性不断增长。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌因被专门命名,人们对其认识较深刻,而革兰阴性杆菌耐药性的快速增长也不容忽视。革兰阴性杆菌对许多抗生素已由多重耐药性逐步发展为全耐药性;而且在多种新型抗生素的压力下,又筛选、激活了一些此前未被注意的机会致病菌。当前应特别注意的是鲍氏不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,它们正逐步成为医院感染的重要细菌。上述细菌毒力并非特别强,只因其存在天然耐药性,一旦过度繁殖,可能成为"无药可治"的难治菌。在此有必要强调,"医院感染"的含义是"患者住院后获得新的感     

Risk groups for clinical complications of norovirus infections: an outbreak investigation

Norovirus infections have been described as self-limiting diseases of short duration. An investigation of a norovirus outbreak in a university hospital provided evidence for severe clinical features in patients with several underlying diseases. Clinical outcomes of norovirus infection were defined. Risk-factor analysis targeting underlying diseases and medication was performed using multivariate analyses. In five outbreak wards, 84 patients and 60 nurses were infected (an overall attack rate of 32% in patients, and 76% in nurses). The causative agent was the new variant Grimsby virus. Severe clinical features, including acute renal failure, arrhythmia and signs of acute graft organ rejection in renal transplant patients, were observed in seven (8.3%) patients. In multivariate analyses, cardiovascular disease (OR 17.1, 95% CI 2.17-403) and renal transplant (OR 13.0, 95% CI 1.63-281) were risk-factors for a potassium decrease of >20%. Age >65 years (OR 11.6, 95% CI 1.89-224) was a risk-factor for diarrhoea lasting >2 days. Immunosuppression (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.78-20.1) was a risk-factor for a creatinine increase of >10%. Norovirus infections in patients with underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, renal transplant and immunosuppressive therapy may lead to severe consequences typified by decreased potassium levels, increased levels of C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase. In the elderly, norovirus infection may lead to an increased duration of diarrhoea. Therefore patients at risk should be hospitalised early and monitored frequently. Strict preventional measures should be implemented as early as possible to minimise the risk of nosocomial outbreaks.