OSA对ACS患者冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄和血浆hsCRP的影响

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者成功接受冠状动脉支架置入后支架再狭窄的影响及血浆高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）的变化。方法 2008年1月至2010年12月本院心内科收治的ACS患者并植入药物支架66例。所有患者入院后行多导睡眠仪监测后分两组,①OSA组：ACS合并OSA患者21例,②对照组：ACS不合并OSA患者45例。术前患者抽血查血糖、血脂及hsCRP ,术后6个月随访时复查血糖、血脂、hsCRP并进行冠状动脉血管造影复查。结果 OSA 组基线水平的总胆固醇（TC）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）较对照组增高（ P ＜0．05）;经过他汀调脂治疗6个月后复查两组 TC及LDL差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。OSA组基线时和随访时 hsCRP均较对照组显著增高（ P ＜ 0．01）。在6个月随访时,在OSA组支架再狭窄率较对照组明显增高（ P ＜0．01）。AHI与hsCRP及再狭窄严重程度呈正相关（ P＜0．05）。hsCRP与再狭窄严重程度呈正相关（ P ＜0．05）。结论 OSA促进ACS冠脉支架术后再狭窄,其可能机制为OSA患者的A HI增高导致的低氧血症,促进血浆hsCRP增高,导致血管内皮炎症反应加重及支架内再狭窄的发生率增高。     

经皮经腔冠状动脉成形术（附7例报告）

报告７例经皮经腔冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），其中单支病变４例（均为前降支局限性病变），多支病变３例。共扩张９支血管，除１例因病变僵硬伴钙化未能扩张，均获成功。术后１例短时间内又发生再狭窄（闭塞），其余心绞痛症状缓解或消失，ＥＣＧＳＴ－Ｔ波恢复正常，随访１年，病情稳定。     

Infrainguinal directional atherectomy: Long-term follow-up and comparison with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

Purpose To assess the long-term results of directional atherectomy (DA) for femoropopliteal artery atherosclerotic lesions and to compare the results to those previously reported for percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA).Materials and Methods Eighty-four percutaneous DA procedures performed on 75 patients between July 1988 and August 1992 were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated for technical and initial clinical success. Long-term patency was assessed with a combination of ankle-brachial index measurements and angiography.Results Initial technical success was achieved in 77 of 84 procedures (92%). Follow-up of 72 patients was obtained, including 74 of the 84 (88%) DA procedures with a mean follow-up of 17.4 months (range 1–48 months). Primary patency was 78% at 1 year and 57% at 2 years. Patients with diabetes, complete luminal occlusion, or limb salvage situations had significantly lower patency.Conclusions Femoropopliteal artery DA can be performed safely with a high technical and initial clinical success. Long-term patency is improved when compared with published series for PTA. With this improvement in mind, DA may have a place in the treatment of focal infrainguinal stenoses.     

经皮冠状动脉内球囊成形术后血管活性物质的变化

本文分析了２５例冠心病患者在ＰＴＣＡ前，ＰＴＣＡ后１ｄ，３ｄ和７ｄ的血浆ＥＴ、ＣＧＲＰ、ＳＰ和ＮＰＹ变化，发现ＥＴ由ＰＴＣＡ前的２１．４１±４．０１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ增加到ＰＴＣＡ后的４７．７６±１４３５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，（Ｐ＜００１）在ＰＴＣＡ后３ｄ和７ｄ逐渐回降；ＣＧＲＰ由ＰＴＣＡ前的２．９５±１．２１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ增加到ＰＴＣＡ后的１７．９６±３．３４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），在ＰＴＣＡ后３ｄ和７ｄ逐渐回降至术前水平；ＳＰ在ＰＴＣＡ后３ｄ和７ｄ明显降低；ＮＰＹ由ＰＴＣＡ前的１５２±０２７ｎｇ／Ｌ增加到ＰＴＣＡ后的３．４７±１２ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），在ＰＴＣＡ后３ｄ已回降至术前水平。认为ＰＴＣＡ术可以引起体内血管活性物质的变化，这些变化可能与ＰＴＣＡ并发证有关。     

An Autopsy Case of Cholesterol Embolism Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Aortography

A 67-year old woman with a 6-year history of angina pectoris underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Just after manipulation of the guiding catheter during a second attempt at angioplasty and aortography, the patient developed intestinal obstruction with peritonitis. Laparotomy was performed, and surgical specimens taken during surgery revealed necrosis and perforation of the small intestine. Microscopical examination proved that this was the result of multiple fresh cholesterol emboli in the arteries. Postoperatively, renal failure and sepsis developed, and the patient died 13 days after surgery. Autopsy revealed multiple cholesterol emboli in arteries of the intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver and kidneys. This case demonstrates that cholesterol embolism can be a serious complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 32: 203∼206, 1989.     

Pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis

The synergistic potential of combining pharmacologic and mechanical methods of thrombolysis has recently been recognized. Pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis is one such method, which in our experience has markedly increased the efficiency and acceptability of thrombolysis. With this technique, dialysis grafts usually require only 20–35 min for thrombolysis; bypass grafts or native arteries usually require 60–150 min. The entire procedure is accomplished in one session within the angiography suite, including the supplemental transluminal angioplasty, atherectomy, or stenting that is usually also necessary. Clear understanding of the principle of the method and meticulous attention to technical details is essential for maximal speed, safety, and efficacy.     

Arteriovenous fistula at the site of balloon dilatation complicating femoropopliteal angioplasty

We describe an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at the site of balloon dilatation immediately after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the femoropopliteal artery. This occurred during an otherwise uncomplicated angioplasty with a good clinical result. The AVF closed spontaneously within 2 months as monitored by color duplex ultrasound. This uncommon complication of PTA is not widely recognized.     

Experience with the Hemasite Vascular Prosthesis

A 3-year experience with the no-needle vascular prosthesis Hemasite, implanted in 10 patients who underwent hemodialysis and have a long history of multiple vascular access failures, is described. During 182 months of follow-up study, 30 thromboses occurred, while nine of 10 patients did not receive any antiplatelet aggregant treatment. Hemasite was declotted 12 times with a local infusion of urokinase and 12 more times by thrombectomy. A surgical procedure was performed only in the other cases, and the rate of surgical intervention fell from 0.18 interventions per patient per month before Hemasite implantation to 0.027 after implantation.     

Temporary Strecker Stent for Management of Acute Dissection in Popliteal and Crural Arteries

Stent placement is a widely used bail-out treatment for dissection of peripheral arteries. Below the level of the superficial femoral artery permanent stenting is complicated by a high incidence of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We present two cases of arterial occlusion due to acute iatrogenic dissection of the popliteal and distal fibular arteries. Successful treatment was achieved with a new bail-out procedure. Strecker stents were implanted to seal off the dissection flap. Stents were retrieved easily after 24 hr using a myocardial biopsy forceps. After stent retrieval the temporarily stented segments were patent and showed a larger lumen compared with segments treated by balloon dilatation alone. Temporary stenting is a simple and safe procedure and offers the advantage of tacking up dissection membranes and preventing recoil. Persistent presence of a metallic implant as a source of continued injury and stimulus for intimal proliferation is avoided.     

经皮腔内外周动脉旋磨血管成形术

报告2例下肢动脉狭窄硬化性病变用经皮腔内旋磨切除血管成形的结果，旋磨是将旋磨器沿微导丝送至血管狭窄处，以190000r/min的高速转移，利用转孔器前的金钢砂将硬化病灶研碎而使血管形成光滑的内腔，恢复肢体组织的血供，我们使用了3mm旋磨器对6段狭窄成功地进行旋磨血管成形，近期疗效明确，此方法尤其对已钙化的狭窄病灶及球囊所不能达到的小动脉病灶具有明显的优势。