关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗51例胫骨平台骨折,SehatzkerI～Ⅲ型35例,Ⅳ一Ⅵ型16例;其中,胫骨髁间嵴骨折并前交叉韧带损伤8例,后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折8例,半月板损伤5例。结果本组随访12～24个月,平均13．6个月。膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分：优24例,良20例,可6例,差1例,优良率达86．3％。无切口坏死,无固定失败及骨外露发生。有1例伤口感染。结论采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定各种胫骨平台骨折是一种可靠方法。     

影响胫骨平台骨折预后因素的研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨影响胫骨平台骨折预后的因素,为临床治疗及康复提供依据。方法 收集2006年1月~2011年12月收治的62例胫骨平台骨折病例,其中非手术治疗19例,方法为抽取关节腔积血,加压包扎,石膏托外固定;手术治疗43例,方法为切开复位内固定。结果 临床治疗后均获得随访,随访平均时间2.8年。参照Lysolm评分标准,非手术治疗组优良率73.7%,手术治疗组优良率88.4%。SchatzkerⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折优良率高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型(P<0.05);男性患者优良率稍高于女性患者,但差异无统计学意义;8小时内治疗的患者预后优良率高于8小时后治疗的患者(P<0.05);60岁以上患者预后优良率不及60岁以下患者。3例患者术后出现创伤性关节炎,2例患者术后出现不同程度的关节面塌陷。结论 手术是胫骨平台骨折的有效治疗方法。胫骨平台骨折类型,治疗方法和治疗时机的选择,患者年龄,早期功能锻炼可以影响胫骨平台骨折的预后。     

Earthquake generated proximal tibial nerve compression treated by surgery

Purpose

This article reports on nine cases of proximal tibial nerve compression by the soleal tendinous arch caused by unsuitable treatment of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Also, we report the clinical results of neurolysis and analyse the cause of this special type of neurological compression.

Methods

There were nine extremities in nine patients included in the study. All patients were among the victims of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. All patients had a previous lower extremity ACS. Pain level, numbness in the sole, muscle strength of the flexor hallucis longus and Tinel’s sign were evaluated pre- and post-operatively. Each proximal tibial nerve compression was subjected to neurolysis with division of the soleal tendinous arch.

Results

At a mean follow-up of 22 months, eight patients (87 %) with weakness of the flexor hallucis longus showed improvement in flexor strength and seven patients (78 %) exhibited improved sensory function in the sole. All patients experienced pain relief. Subjective pain was reduced from an average score of 2.7 to 0.7 based on a visual analogue scale. Physical examination for Tinel’s sign revealed all patients experienced relief of radiating pain, but two patients still retained a positive Tinel’s sign (mild) over the soleal tendinous arch. In summary, four patients were highly satisfied, four were satisfied and one was neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with functional recovery after neurolysis.

Conclusions

Unsuitable treatment of lower extremity ACS can lead to tibial nerve compression beneath the soleal tendinous arch. Neurolysis may improve pain and sensory and motor function.     

芦山地震中胫腓骨远端开放性骨折的治疗

目的 总结地震灾害所致胫腓骨远端开放性骨折的特点,并探讨其治疗. 方法 2013年4月21日至27日共收治12例地震伤所致胫腓骨远端开放性骨折伤员,男5例,女7例;年龄33～85岁(平均54.8岁).开放性骨折按Gustilo分型:Ⅱ型5例,ⅢA型4例,ⅢB型3例.2例患者合并同侧膝关节闭合性骨折,3例患者合并内、外踝骨折.1 1例患者在急诊行清创、HoffmannⅡ型组合式单边外固定支架固定,l例患者伤后5d行外固定支架固定.对于一期手术后下肢力线偏离、关节对应关系不佳及伴有踝关节脱位的患者,进行二期外固定支架调整. 结果 11例行急诊清创外固定支架固定术的患者中,4例下肢力线恢复满意,7例下肢力线恢复不满意.4例患者因软组织损伤较轻,拟近期更换内固定时直接调整下肢力线;另3例患者软组织损伤严重,且伴有内外踝骨折、踝关节脱位,行二期外固定支架调整术.此3例患者术后骨折均获得良好复位,下肢力线恢复满意,关节对应关系良好. 结论 组合式外固定支架可以快速、有效处理地震灾害中的胫腓骨远端开放性骨折.对于地震伤员,应尽可能一次将骨折复位及下肢力线固定好.对于复位不良者,应及时进行调整,以免因转运而影响治疗和最终功能.     

Acute emergency tibialization of the fibula: reconstruction of a massive tibial defect in a type IIIC open fracture

Gustilo type IIIC open fractures of the tibia are high-energy injuries necessitating long treatment periods and usually multiple surgical procedures and eventually resulting in high morbidity rates and even amputations. We present here a case involving a type IIIC open tibial fracture with massive loss of the entire tibial diaphysis, which we treated by performing acute tibialization of the fibula after revascularization of the posterior tibial artery in a single-stage emergency operation.     

髌上入路锁定型髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折

目的探讨分析髌上入路META-NAIL锁定型髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2012-02—2014-07采用髌上入路META-NAIL锁定型髓内钉闭合复位内固定治疗胫骨干骨折18例,术后2 d开始训练膝、踝关节功能及股直肌肌力,采用Johner-Wruhs评分标准评定术后疗效。结果本组手术时间45~80 min,平均70 min。18例均获得随访6~22个月,平均14个月,骨折愈合时间14~24周,平均18周,患肢完全负重8~16周,平均12周。术后6个月疗效按照Johner-Wruhs标准疗效评定:优10例,良7例,可1例,优良率94.4%。结论髌上入路META-NAIL锁定型髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折是一种手术切口小、置钉精确的微创手术,可以使近端骨折和多段粉碎性骨折在术中容易复位,操作也更省力。     

涉及后柱胫骨平台骨折的不同治疗策略

目的探讨涉及后柱胫骨平台骨折的治疗策略。方法自2009-07—2014-10收集206例胫骨平台骨折的临床资料,研究涉及后柱的胫骨平台骨折的发病率。采用Schatzker法及罗从风三柱法分别对骨折进行分类,后柱再分为后内侧柱和后外侧柱,筛选出涉及后柱的胫骨平台病历。根据后柱骨折的类型,选择合适的手术方案。结果 206例获得随访平均15.6(12~36)个月。150例骨折涉及后柱,其中130例涉及后外侧柱,97例涉及后内侧柱。206例无一例出现血管、神经损伤、内固定物松动及断裂,术后12个月复查骨折均获得骨性愈合。术后1年复位不良者3例。结论涉及后柱的胫骨平台骨折发病率高,应根据骨折类型,采用合适的切口、内固定方式等,以获得良好治疗效果。