Prise en charge aiguë des hémorragies intracérébrales spontanées

Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for approximately 15% of the 115,000 strokes occurring each year in France. Although therapeutic strategies are more limited than for ischemic stroke, major points in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage can reduce short term morbidity and mortality by limiting the expansion of the hematoma and the occurrence of early complications, and long term patients’ outcome by reducing the risk of recurrence. This article aims to update the key elements that contribute to improve of the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage patients.     

吞咽障碍治疗仪在脑卒中患者吞咽功能康复中的应用

目的：吞咽障碍理疗仪和吞咽功能训练相结合治疗急性脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床效果。方法对20例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者,给予吞咽治疗仪治疗,并辅助吞咽功能康复训练措施。采用洼田饮水试验法为评定标准。结果20例功能恢复,无不良后果,临床效果满意。结论患者一般在治疗一个疗程后就能收到良好的效果,大大缩短了住院时间,提高了患者的生存质量。     

Effectiveness of Reinduction and/or Dose Escalation of Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗难治性或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的：探讨ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗难治性和(或)复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效。方法：采用ProMACE／CytaBOM方案治疗18例难治性和(或)复发性NHL患者，其中难治性NHL患者8例，复发性NHL患者10例。结果：5例难治性和(或)复发性NHL患者达到完全缓解(CR率为27．8％)，4例达部分缓解(PR率为22．2％)，总有效率为50．0％；目前12例仍生存，其中生存最长者26个月(2例)，仍处于CR期。毒副作用主要为消化道症状、轻度肝功能异常以及骨髓抑制。结论：ProMACE／CytaBOM方案对部分难治性和(或)复发性NHL患者仍有效，毒副作用较轻，可用于治疗对其他化疗方案无效的难治性和(或)复发性NHL。     

Importance of vancomycin loading doses in intermittent infusion regimens

Purpose

Delayed achievement of target vancomycin serum concentrations may adversely affect clinical outcomes. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the real frequency of loading dose use and to evaluate the impact of loading dose for the achievement of vancomycin PK/PD target in adult patients treated with intermittent vancomycin. As a secondary aim we determined optimal vancomycin loading dose based on individual pharmacokinetic calculations.

‘Therapeutic landscapes’ and the importance of nostalgia,solastalgia, salvage and abandonment for psychiatric hospital design

We examine emotional reactions to changes to medical spaces of care, linked with past experiences. In this paper we draw on findings from a qualitative study of the transfer of psychiatric inpatient care from an old to a newly built facility. We show how the meanings attributed to ‘therapeutic landscapes’ from one׳s past can evoke emotions and memories, manifesting in ideas about nostalgia, solastalgia, salvage and abandonment, which can impinge on one׳s present therapeutic experience. We reflect on how consideration of these ideas might contribute to better future design of psychiatric inpatient facilities and the wellbeing of those using them.     

Pretomanid(PA-824)治疗耐多药结核病的应用建议

耐多药结核病治疗疗程长达18~24个月、药物不良反应重、患者治疗依从性差,部分患者因耐药谱广泛,不能选择二线抗结核药物组成有效的治疗方案,导致死亡率高。因此,耐多药结核病治疗新药的研究是全球结核病控制的重要问题,也是我国改变耐多药结核病防治现状亟待解决的问题。全球结核病药物研发联盟研发的pretomanid(PA-824)与贝达喹啉和利奈唑胺组成的BPaL方案,针对严重耐多药结核病的治疗,具有疗程短、全程口服、治疗依从性高、治愈率高等优势,为严重耐多药结核病患者的治疗带来了新的希望。该方案于2020年被世界卫生组织在全球推荐使用。目前,贝达喹啉和利奈唑胺两种药品已经在我国上市,并作为二线抗结核药物用于耐多药结核病治疗。因此,亟待PA-824能早日在我国获批使用,以挽救更多耐多药结核病患者的生命。为此,中国防痨协会联合中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心组织全国结核病防治、临床和基础研究等领域的专家,经反复讨论撰写了《Pretomanid(PA-824)治疗耐多药结核病的应用建议》,以期为加快PA-824及BPaL方案在我国的注册使用提供参考。