泰医治疗退行性膝关节炎方法介绍和分析

近年来,随着医学发展,老年人数增高,膝关节炎的患者显著增多,退行性膝关节炎已成为泰国和中国骨伤科门诊常见的疾病之一。泰医治疗膝关节炎有各种各样措施,能缓解患者的痛苦、无不良反应、方便易行。文章总结了泰医治疗膝关节炎的措施,与中医进行对照和分析,以提高临床疗效,亦为今后泰医在中国进一步的研究奠定基础。     

Hematological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Hb A2 Variant with Homozygous α-Thalassemia-2 in a Southern Thai Individual

We report here the hematological and molecular features of a novel δ-globin chain variant found in a Southern Thai woman. Her complete blood count was as follows: red blood cell (RBC) count 5.90?×?10¹²/L, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 12.6?g/dL, packed cell volume (PCV) 0.41?L/L, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 69.5 fL, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) 21.4?pg, mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) 30.7?g/dL and RBC distribution width (RDW) 13.1%. The blood smear demonstrated microcytic hypochromic RBCs suggestive of thalassemia trait. Hemoglobin analysis identified Hb A₂?+?Hb A₂-Kiriwong (2.4%) and Hb F (0.1%) on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To characterize the α-thalassemia (α-thal) genotype, common α-thal-1 and α-thal-2 alleles were characterized by multiplex gap-polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR). The results revealed homozygous α-thal-2 (–α^3.7/–α^3.7) in this case. DNA sequencing showed the presence of a novel δ-globin gene mutation [δ77(EF1)His→Arg; HBD: c.233A>G] that we named Hb A₂-Kiriwong for the village from where the proband lived. In summary, the presence of microcytic hypochromic RBCs in this case was likely the result of the homozygous –α^3.7 (rightward) deletion and was not affected by this Hb A₂ variant.     

Genetic profiles of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and HLA ligands in Thai blood donors

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play an important role in natural killer (NK) cell regulation. Interaction of KIRs with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can transmit signals to regulate the function of NK cells. In this study, the diversities of KIR genes and their ligands in 500 Thai blood donors were investigated. The coexistence of inhibitory KIRs (iKIR), activating KIRs (aKIR) and their ligands in the same individuals were also analyzed. Overall, 36 KIR genotypes were identified. The most common genotype was genotype AA1 (40.8%). All individuals carried at least one iKIR-HLA pair whereas 18% of the individuals lacked aKIR-HLA pair. The most common compound KIR-HLA profile was the presence of 3 iKIR-HLA pairs with 1 aKIR-HLA pair (21.4%). The most common compound gene profile of KIR-HLA pairs was the combined presence of KIR2DL3-C1, 3DL1-Bw4, 3DL2-A3/A11 and the full length KIR2DS4-its ligands (8%). This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the KIR-HLA profiles in Thai blood donors in regards to KIR genotypes, HLA ligands, KIR-HLA ligand pairs and compound gene profiles of both iKIRs and aKIRs and their ligands. These findings will be useful as baseline information for further studies in the associations of KIR genes and various diseases.     

Lewis (FUT3) genotypes in Taiwanese, Thai, and Filipino populations

 The Lewis (Le) blood type comprises two major antigens, Le^a and Le^b, which are encoded by α (1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT2) and α (1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase (FUT3). In this study, we analyzed the mutations of FUT3 in Taiwanese, Thai, and Filipino populations and correlated these with serologic phenotypes. One hundred and thirty-seven Taiwanese, 71 Thai, and 125 Filipino were studied unselectively. The frequency of the normal and four other mutant alleles for Taiwanese, Thai, and Filipino, respectively, were as follows: 187/274 (68.2%), 87/142 (61.3%), and 160/250 (64.0%) were wild type (Le); 14/274 (5.1%), 1/142 (0.7%), and 1/250 (0.4%) were a T202C/C314T mutation (le^202,314); 35/274 (12.8%), 15/142 (10.6%), and 22/250 (8.8%) had the G508A mutation (le⁵⁰⁸); and 38/274 (13.9%), 39/142 (27.4%), and 67/250 (26.8%) carried the T1067A mutation (le¹⁰⁶⁷). The le⁴⁴⁵ and le¹⁰⁰⁷ were not detected in this study. Our result provided the first genetic data of the FUT3 gene in these three populations, and the frequency distribution of mutant alleles among Taiwanese, Thai, and Filipinos demonstrates a significant difference (P<0.001). In our study, the le^202,314 mutation had considerable frequency in the Taiwanese, but the le¹⁰⁶⁷ mutation had a higher frequency in Thai and Filipinos. Received: 11 November 1999 / Accepted: 4 April 2000     

Effect of ampicillin on mefloquine pharmacokinetics in thai males

Summary The kinetics of a single oral dose of mefloquine given either alone or with ampicillin has been studied in 8 healthy Thai male volunteers.There was a significantly higher maximum whole blood mefloquine concentration after coadministration with ampicillin (1648 vs 1228 ng·ml^–1), as well as a significantly reduced terminal half life (15.3 vs 17.7 days), mean residence time (20.1 vs 23.4 days) and volume of distribution at steady state (14.1 vs 19.4 l·kg^–1). Although there was no significant change in the AUC from zero time to infinity, the AUC from zero time to 5 days was significantly increased by ampicillin (4.86 vs 3.27 g·ml^–1 day).These changes in mefloquine disposition after antibiotic treatment may be due both to an increase in fractional bioavailability and a reduction in the enterohepatic recycling of mefloquine.