Effect of isoproterenol and taurine on heart calcium in normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters

Calcium accumulation has been implicated in the cardiac necrosis induced by isoproterenol and in the development of the cardiomyopathy in the BIO 14.6 hamster. Taurine, a natural constituent of the heart, has been shown to exert a modulating effect on calcium levels in the heart. Heart calcium and taurine levels were determined in BIO 14.6 and random bred (F₁B) hamsters treated with isoproterenol (80 mg/kg) following a 60 day drinking regimen of either taurine (100 mmol/l) or guanidinoethyl sulfonate (1%). Taurine supplementation provided some protection for the random bred hamster heart against isoproterenol induced calcium accumulation, but that protection was not demonstrable in the BIO 14.6 strain despite an elevated heart taurine content. The feeding of guanidinoethyl sulfonate decreased the taurine content of the heart in both strains, but guanidinoethyl sulfonate was unable to block taurine elevation following isoproterenol treatment in either strain. Since taurine feeding retards the usual calcium accumulation in the BIO 14.6, but is without statistically significant effect on the additional calcium accumulation induced by isoproterenol, the protecitive action of taurine seems insufficient to counteract the combined effect of isoproterenol and the myopathic process.     

心肌肥厚大鼠ADM ANP的变化及牛磺酸的作用

目的:探讨心肌肾上腺髓质素(ADM)、心钠素(ANP)在压力超负荷性心肌肥厚大鼠中的变化和意义及牛磺酸对心肌肥厚的影响和可能机制。方法:选取雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为3组:对照组,缩窄组,干预组。均在术后6周末测定动脉收缩压(SBP)和体重(BW);电子天平称量左心室重量(LVW);以左心系数(LVW/BW)作为衡量心肌肥厚程度的指标;用放射免疫法检测各组心肌ADM、ANP水平。结果:与对照组相比,缩窄组SBP、LVW/BW及ADM、ANP水平明显升高(P<0.05),干预组与缩窄组相比,SBP、LVW/BW及ADM、ANP水平明显降低(P<0.05)。ADM、ANP水平与左心系数呈正相关,ADM与ANP呈正相关。结论:①ADM可能作为自分泌和(或)旁分泌激素,在心肌肥厚发生发展中起代偿作用,有望成为评价心肌肥厚严重程度的新敏感指标。②牛磺酸可能通过降压,减轻心脏后负荷,阻止ADM、ANP的调节紊乱,起到抑制心肌肥厚的作用。     

牛磺酸抑制新生大鼠心肌重塑的体外研究

目的 通过牛磺酸对新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成及对I／Ⅲ型胶原比值的影响,从细胞水平探讨其在体外抑制心肌重塑的作用。方法 在培养的心肌成纤维细胞中加入不同浓度的牛磺酸,用羟脯氨酸法测定胶原量,MTT比色法检测细胞增殖情况,SDS-PAGE电泳测胶原I／Ⅲ型比值。结果 100mmol／L、200mmol／L牛磺酸用药24h和48h及50mmol／L用药72h后能明显抑制心肌成纤维细胞的增殖及胶原的合成,I／Ⅲ型胶原比值明显下降。结论 牛磺酸能通过抑制心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成,降低I／Ⅲ型胶原比值起到抗心肌重塑的作用。     

大鼠严重烧伤后心肌细胞GRP94表达变化及其意义

目的观察严重烧伤大鼠心肌细胞内质网应激蛋白表达的改变及其意义，以探讨严重烧伤后心肌损伤与内质网应激的关系。方法建立大鼠30％Ⅲ度烫伤模型，酶联免疫法检测血浆中心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）含量，放射免疫法检测血浆中TNFα的含量，RT-PCR和免疫组化分析GRP94的表达。结果烧伤组大鼠伤后3h血浆中cTnT含量即呈显著升高（P〈0．01），心肌中GRP94 mRNA和蛋白表达于烧伤后3h显著性升高，12h达峰值，24h还呈显著升高；大鼠烧伤后3h心肌中Caspase-3活性开始升高，12h达高峰，48h后仍显著高于对照组。牛磺酸治疗组GRP94的表达和Caspase-3活性较烧伤组均有显著性降低（P〈0．05）。结论严重烧伤可引起心肌细胞内质网应激，牛磺酸对烧伤后早期心肌损害有保护作用。     

1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮和牛磺酸联合应用对铝染毒大鼠肾功能及抗氧化系统的保护作用

目的探讨1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮(deferipone,DFP)和牛磺酸联合作用对染铝大鼠肾脏功能、抗氧化系统及ATP酶活力的影响。方法将56只SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为7组,以灌胃方式染毒。其中,阴性对照组给予1.0 ml/d生理盐水,连续8周。前4周,铝染毒组、牛磺酸干预组、低剂量DFP干预组、高剂量DFP干预组、牛磺酸与低剂量DFP联用组、牛磺酸与高剂量DFP联用组均给予281.40 mg/(kg·d)AlCl_3·6H_2O;后4周,各组分别给予1.0 ml/d生理盐水、400 mg/(kg·d)牛磺酸、13.82 mg/(kg·d)DFP、27.44 mg/(kg·d)DFP、400 mg/(kg·d)牛磺酸+13.82 mg/(kg·d)DFP、400 mg/(kg·d)牛磺酸+27.44 mg/(kg·d)DFP。测定大鼠肾脏Na~+K~+-ATP酶、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量。结果与铝染毒组相比,各干预组大鼠肾脏GSH-Px、Na~+K~+-ATP酶、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力均明显升高,肾脏MDA含量和血清BUN含量均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且高剂量DFP干预组及联合用药组大鼠肾脏SOD活力明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与单独用药组相比,联合用药组Na~+K~+-ATP酶、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶、SOD、GSH-Px活力明显升高,MDA和血清BUN含量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各组间Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力及血清Cr含量无明显差异(P0.05)。结论在一定剂量范围内,与牛磺酸或DFP单独用药相比,牛磺酸和DFP联合用药可以对染铝大鼠肾脏功能及抗氧化系统起到更好的保护作用。     

牛磺酸对染石英肺巨噬细胞DNA损伤的保护作用

目的探讨牛磺酸对石英致大鼠肺巨噬细胞DNA损伤的保护作用。方法将体外培养的肺巨噬细胞分成生理盐水组、石英组、牛磺酸 石英组。用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测各组细胞彗星出现率和彗星尾长度。结果5个浓度牛磺酸(5,10,20,30,40 mmol/L) 石英组的彗星出现率和彗星尾长度与石英组相比,差异均有显著性,且存在明显的剂量-效应关系。随着牛磺酸浓度的增加,彗星出现率降低,彗星尾长变短。结论牛磺酸在5~40 mmol/L浓度范围内对石英引起的肺巨噬细胞DNA损伤有一定保护作用。     

Dynamic changes of glycine and taurine in corpus striatum of rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury and effects of electroacupuncture

目的：研究脑缺血再灌注大鼠纹状体内甘氨酸（Gly）和牛磺酸（Tau）的动态变化及电针的调节作用。方法：将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、治疗组。假手术组制备假的脑缺血再灌注模型。模型组和治疗组制成脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血1．5h,再灌注3．75h。治疗组在模型组基础上电针“风池”穴。分别观察各组大鼠的神经功能缺损评分;通过微透析及高效液相技术测定各组大鼠纹状体内Gly及Tau的浓度变化。结果：脑缺血1．5h时Gly和Tau浓度显著升高。再灌注后Gly和Tau浓度迅速降至假手术组水平。再灌注2～2．25h模型组和治疗组Gly浓度再次出现高峰,随后其浓度逐渐降至假手术组水平。治疗组Gly浓度于再灌注后2．75h出现第3次高峰。电针可减缓再灌注后Tau浓度下降,并于再灌注后1．5h、2h、2．75h出现3次高峰,以最后一次的浓度最高。模型组和治疗组的神经功能缺损评分在术后显著增高,术后5．25h的评分显著减少,治疗组优于模型组（P〈0．05）。结论：脑缺血再灌注使纹状体内Gly和Tau浓度在特定时段升高。电针使Gly和Tau浓度于再灌注后特定时段升高,这可能是电针脑保护作用的重要机制之一。     

小儿急性中毒143例分析

本研究拟通过观察谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酰胺酶（PAG）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活性的改变,探讨地卓西平（MK-801）和牛磺酸对锰致大鼠兴奋性毒性的影响。将大鼠按体重随机分成4组,第1组为对照组,皮下注射0．9％的氯化钠;第2组为单纯染锰组,皮下注射0．9％的氯化钠;第3、4组为预处理干预组,分别皮下注射0．3μmnol／kg的MK-801和1mmol／kg的牛磺酸,皮下注射2h后,第1组腹腔注射0．9％的氯化钠,第2-4组腹腔注射200μmol／kg的氯化锰,染锰25d,MK-801和牛磺酸隔日注射一次,共预处理13次。最后一次染毒后24h处死大鼠,切取大脑皮质和纹状体。测定大脑皮质SDH、Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase的活性;测定脑纹状体GS、PAG的活性。结果显示单纯染锰组与对照组比较,纹状体GS、脑皮质SDH和Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase的活性明显降低（P〈0．01）,纹状体PAG的活性升高。MK-801预处理干预组与单纯染锰组比较,纹状体GS和脑皮质Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase的活性明显升高,脑皮质SDH的活性升高,纹状体PAG的活性降低;牛磺酸预处理干预组纹状体CS和脑皮质SDH的活性明显升高,脑皮质的Na^＋．K^＋-ATPase活性升高。提示MK-801和牛磺酸对锰所致兴奋性毒性均有不同程变的拮抗作用。     

正交法改进牛磺酸颗粒制粒工艺

目的：改进牛磺酸颗粒的制粒工艺，提高收率。方法：采用正交法对工艺进行优化。结果：改进后的工艺，制粒收率由原工艺的81．8％提高到94．5％。结论：改进后的牛磺酸颗粒制粒工艺收率和生产效率明显提高，工艺可行。     

Effects of systemic and regional taurine on skeletal muscle function following ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

INTRODUCTION: Tissues subjected to prolonged ischaemia are paradoxically further damaged when their perfusion is restored. The mechanisms underlying this ischaemia-reperfusion injury are complex, but oxidative attack is a central feature. Among the therapeutic agents used to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury, endogenous agents such as taurine which form part of the native defence mechanism against oxidative damage are of particular interest. METHODS: Using a model of hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat, taurine solution was administered either into the operated hindlimb, into the systemic circulation, or both. Contraction strengths of gastrocnemius biopsies from the operated and contralateral (control) hindlimbs of each animal were measured. RESULTS: Fast twitch strength was impaired significantly by ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and taurine injected into the operated limb conferred partial protection. A similar trend was observed for tetany, but protection by taurine was not statistically significant for tetanic contraction strength. CONCLUSION: Preservation of fast twitch strength following ischaemia-reperfusion injury by administration of taurine before ischaemia has clinical potential. However, delivery to the affected tissues during ischaemia presents technical difficulties.