DNA修复基因XPD XPC XRCC4基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关联性研究

  目的  探讨DNA修复基因XPD rs13181（codon751A/C,Lys751Gln）、rs238406（codon156C/A,Arg156Arg）、XPC rs2279017（i11C/A）和XRCC4 rs3734091（codon247T/C,Ala247Ser）的单核苷酸多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。  方法  采用TaqMan技术对2013年4月至2016年1月北京肿瘤医院收治的338例结直肠癌患者（病例组）和315例健康者（对照组）进行多态位点基因型的检测。  结果  XPD rs13181基因型GT和等位基因G增加个体结直肠癌的发病风险（GT>TT,adjusted OR=1.69,95%CI:1.15~2.47,P=0.007;G>T,adjusted OR=1.77,95%CI:1.19~2.64,P=0.005）;XRCC4 rs3734091基因型GT和等位基因T增加个体结直肠癌的易感性（GT>GG,adjusted OR=9.02,95%CI:5.61~14.50,P＜0.001;T>G,adjusted OR=4.06,95%CI:2.49~6.61,P＜0.001）;XPD rs13181和rs238406的单倍体型GT显著降低结直肠癌的发病风险（adjusted OR=0.39,95%CI:0.18~0.85,P=0.018）。XPCrs2279017等位基因G和XRCC4 rs3734091等位基因T的联合效应（adjusted OR=28.43,95%CI:6.85~117.95,P＜0.001）以及XPD rs13181等位基因G和XRCC4 rs3734091等位基因T的联合效应（adjusted OR=10.24,95%CI:4.69~22.35,P＜0.001）显著增加个体结直肠癌的易感性。  结论  XPD rs13181和XRCC4 rs3734091位点的多态性与结直肠癌的易感性相关。      

实时荧光定量PCR技术快速检测麻疹病毒核酸的研究

目的建立以特异性荧光探针为特点的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法,对麻疹病毒的核酸进行检测.方法对设计的引物与探针进行了筛选与条件优化,克服了常规RT-PCR定性检测的不足.结果具有对麻疹病毒检测的高度特异性与准确性,检测的敏感度可达0.1 TCID50,从病毒核酸提取至检测完成仅需3个多小时,操作简便,而且大大减少了常规PCR扩增产物的污染机会.结论采用该方法对麻疹病毒与相关的临床样本进行了检测,均获得了满意的结果,为麻疹病毒的分子生物学检测,提供了一种新方法.     

Shrews as reservoir hosts of borna disease virus

Borna disease virus (BDV) is the causative agent of severe T-cell-mediated meningoencephalitis in horses, sheep, and other animal species in central Europe. Here we report the first unequivocal detection of a BDV reservoir species, the bicolored white-toothed shrew, Crocidura leucodon, in an area in Switzerland with endemic Borna disease.     

Genetic risk factors associated with Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in Slovenians and a rapid typing for PRNP codon 129 single nucleotide polymorphism

PRNP has been the most informative marker for the predisposition to variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (vCJD). All victims of the vCJD carried methionine (M) at the position 129 of the PrP. Prions could travel through the immune system to get from the gut to the brain, and human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) could be involved in this carriage, with HLA-DQ7 being less efficient. Contradictory reports have raised the question of the influence of sampling in population studies. We developed a fast and reliable real-time polymerase chain reaction for codon 129 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using TaqMan technology, which overcomes the main drawbacks of other methods and analysed Slovenian population (n = 97). The comparison with other populations served for the estimation of the genetic risk for the development of vCJD in Slovenians. The frequencies at the codon 129 SNP in the Slovenian population were 43.3% M, 45.4% M/V 11.3% V. Considerable differences between the DQ7 frequencies in diverse samples from the same population can be seen, especially when compared to Slovenian population. This could be because of the diverse criteria for including subjects into the study and the sampling of geographically distinct subpopulations. Analysing the adequacy of HLA-DQ7 as a possible predictive factor for developing Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) by case - control studies could be improved with exact and equal sampling of groups of patients and controls. CJD genetic risk factors in the Slovenians were not found significantly different than those in British.     

Real-time RT-PCR for detection of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus and characterizing synergistic interactions in mixed infections

Two TaqMan-based real-time One-Step RT-PCR assays were developed for the rapid and efficient detection of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) and Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), two of the most common raspberry viruses in North America and Europe. The primers and probes were designed from conserved fragments of the polymerase region of each virus and were effective for the detection of different isolates tested in this study. The RBDV assay amplified a 94 bp amplicon and was able to detect as few as 30 viral copies. Whereas the RLMV assay amplified a 180 bp amplicon and detected as few as 300 viral copies from plant and aphid RNA extracts. Both assays were significantly more sensitive than their corresponding conventional RT-PCR methods. The sensitivity of the RLMV assay was also tested on single aphids after a fixed acquisition access period (AAP). In addition, the assays revealed a novel synergistic interaction between the two viruses, where the concentration of RBDV was enhanced ∼400-fold when it occurred in combination with RLMV compared to its concentration in single infections. The significance of this finding and the importance of the development of real-time RT-PCR assays for the detection of RBDV and RLMV are discussed.     

利用荧光定量RT-PCR和PCR方法检测结核分枝杆菌复合群

目的 建立一种新的检测结核分枝杆菌复合群的荧光定量试验方法 （R/P分析）,探讨R/P分析检测临床标本中结核分枝杆菌复合群的应用价值.方法 根据结核分枝杆菌复合群基因保守序列设计引物和探针构建质粒标准品.运用R/P分析检测54例确诊结核病人临床样本,检测的结果 同时与培养法、荧光定量PCR法进行比较.结果 不同临床标本用R/P分析诊断结核病,其敏感性高于荧光定量PCR法和培养法,阳性检出率分别为96.3%、83.3%和55.6%.结论 R/P方法 是一种快速、特异的直接检测方法,它可以区分结核分枝杆菌复合群的死菌与活菌,因此可以更好的指导医生进行治疗,更准确地做出公共卫生决策.     

胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤二核苷酸-脱氧寡核苷酸抑制疟原虫红前期发育

目的 观察胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤二核苷酸-脱氧寡核苷酸（cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide,CpG ODN）对疟原虫红前期发育的影响。 方法 通过构建约氏疟原虫BY265株18S rRNA外标准品质粒,与小鼠三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（GAPDH）内标准品共同组成TaqMan RT-PCR分析模型。用不同剂量（0.05×10⁵ 、0.1×10⁵、0.5×10⁵、1×10⁵和2×10⁵个）约氏疟原虫唾液腺子孢子感染BALB/c小鼠,42 h后处死小鼠取其肝脏,制备约氏疟原虫cDNA进行TaqMan RT-PCR反应,以小鼠肝脏虫荷指标检验模型的有效性。将12只BALB/c小鼠随机均分为CpG组、CpG对照组和PBS对照组,CpG组和CpG对照组小鼠分别尾静脉注射脱氧寡核苷酸1826（ODN1826）及其对照（ODN1826 control）各30 μg,PBS对照组注射0.01 mol/L PBS溶液 200 μl。24 h后各组每鼠感染100个子孢子,于感染后42 h处死小鼠取肝脏,制备约氏疟原虫cDNA进行TaqMan RT-PCR,定量分析感染疟原虫24 h前CpG ODN预处理小鼠肝脏虫荷的变化。 结果 构建的约氏疟原虫外标准品质粒所插入的BY265株18S rRNA基因与17XNL株18S rRNA基因相似性为98%,它与小鼠GAPDH内标准品共同组成的TaqMan RT-PCR分析模型能够正确反映小鼠肝脏虫荷与唾液腺子孢子感染量的正比关系。感染疟原虫24 h前给予CpG ODN处理,CpG组小鼠肝脏虫荷为CPG对照组的1/5（0.28/1.33）,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 本实验建立的TaqMan RT-PCR分析模型适用于红前期疟原虫（肝脏）虫荷指标的研究。CpG ODN能显著抑制红前期疟原虫的发育。     

Potential value of circulatory microRNA10b gene expression and its target E‐cadherin as a prognostic and metastatic prediction marker for breast cancer

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Most BC studies on candidate microRNAs were tissue specimen based. Recently, there has been a focus on the study of cell‐free circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers in (BC) diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the circulating levels of miR‐10b and its target soluble E‐ cadherin as potentially easily accessible biomarkers for breast cancer.MethodsSixty‐one breast cancer patients and forty‐eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers serving as a control group were enrolled in the present study. Serum samples were used to assess miRNA10b expression by TaqMan miRNA assay technique. In addition, soluble E‐cadherin expression level in serum was determined using ELISA technique.ResultCirculating miR‐10b expression level and serum sE‐cadherin was significantly upregulated in patients with BC compared to controls. Moreover, serum miR‐10b displayed progressive up‐regulation in advanced stages with higher level in metastatic compared to non‐metastatic BC. Additionally, the combined use of both serum miR‐10b and sE‐cadherin revealed the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of BC metastasis (92.9% and 97.9% respectively) with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.98, 95% CI (0.958–1.00).ConclusionOur data suggest that circulating miR‐10b could be utilized as a potential non‐invasive serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer with better performance to predict BC metastasis achieved on measuring it simultaneously with serum sE‐cadherin. Further studies with a large cohort of patients are warranted to validate the serum biomarker for breast cancer management.     

A one-step dipstick assay for the on-site detection of nucleic acid

Objectives

We have developed a one-step nucleic acid dipstick assay (NADA) for visually detecting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products within 3 min. “One-step” means that there were no additional procedures between amplification and detection.

Methods

This method was achieved through the use of asymmetric PCR and specially designed probes with appropriate melting temperature values. We initially combined one-step NADA with asymmetric capillary convective PCR (ACCPCR), an easy and rapid nucleic acid amplification technique, to construct an on-site nucleic acid diagnostic platform.

Results

We developed a diagnostic assay for the hepatitis B virus based on the ACCPCR-NADA platform to verify its feasibility. It exhibited an analytical sensitivity of three copies per test and a broad detection spectrum including genotype A–I. It also showed 97.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity based on the results observed using 67 serum samples with the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (COBAS) system as the standard for comparison.

Conclusion

The results provide evidence for the feasibility of using an ACCPCR-NADA platform in practical applications, especially in on-site test.     

人外周血单个核细胞和肿瘤细胞中吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶mRNA水平的实时定量RT-PCR分析

目的 定量分析HIV-1感染者及高危人群外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)和人源肿瘤细胞在Toll样受体(TLR)配体刺激前后吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)的表达水平.方法 建立人IDO mRNA的TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法;检测HIV-1阳性个体和高危人群PBMC中IDO mRNA水平;检测TLR4、TLR7/8、TLR9配体刺激前后人黏膜(T84、Caco2、Hela)和白细胞(THP-1、MT-4)来源肿瘤细胞中IDO mRNA的水平.结果 HIV-1阳性个体PBMC中IDO mRNA水平较高危人群高(103.42拷贝IDO mRNA/106拷贝GAPDH mRNA);但也有部分高危人群个体的PBMC含有较高水平的IDO mRNA;肿瘤细胞在TLR配体刺激后IDO mRNA的水平可以显著升高,因细胞系和TLR配体种类不同而异.结论 本研究表明IDO可能在我国HIV-1感染者体内病毒免疫逃逸和肿瘤发生中起作用,值得深入研究.