稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人生存质量影响因素分析

目的 探讨分析影响稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人生存质量的因素并提出改进策略.方法 选取2019年6—7月在南京鼓楼医院药学门诊就诊的COPD病人120例,采用调查问卷方式收集其一般资料及COPD评估测试(CAT)评分、Morisky用药依从性问卷(MMAS-8)评分,通过欧洲五维健康量表计算健康效用值,对量表与因素进行单因素分析及多元线性回归分析.结果 共发放120份问卷,有效回收115份,单因素分析结果显示用药种类越多["≤2"比"3～5"比">5":(0.747±0.225)比(0.733±0.178)比(0.604±0.268)]、CAT评分越高["轻"比"中"比"严重"比"非常严重":(0.833±0.138)比(0.753±0.168)比(0.610±0.267)比(0.536±0.220)],效用值越低(P<0.05),病人的生存质量越差;而多元线性回归分析显示吸烟(β=-0.186)、CAT评分(β=-0.009)、MMAS-8评分(β=0.030)为COPD病人生存质量的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 吸烟、CAT评分为COPD病人生存质量的危险因素,MMAS-8评分为其保护因素.药师可通过开设药物治疗管理门诊,帮助COPD病人戒烟、提高疾病知识、解决药物相关问题等,从而改善病人生存质量.     

基于全国性问卷调查的延迟脐带结扎影响因素分析

目的探讨我国新生儿脐带结扎(UCC)现状及实施延迟脐带结扎(DCC)影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样法,在我国华南、华北、华东、华中、西北、西南和东北7个地区中,以2∶1比例随机抽取2~3个省,共计16个省的126家医院。以这126家医院工作的新生儿科医师、产科医师及助产士/师为调查对象。本研究自行设计《新生儿娩出后脐带结扎方式调查问卷》(以下简称为《调查问卷》)。《调查问卷》主要包括3个方面内容:①被调查对象的一般资料;②被调查对象对DCC的认知程度;③被调查对象认为影响DCC实施因素等。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果①最终回收《调查问卷》为5005份,其中,来自综合性医院的符合填写要求《调查问卷》为2280份(45.55%),妇幼保健院为2725份(54.25%)。5005份《调查问卷》中,由助产士/师、产科医师、新生儿科医师填写分别为2253份(45.01%),1541份(30.79%)和1211份(24.20%)。②回收的5005份《调查问卷》中,知晓DCC相关知识者为4325位(86.41%),实施者仅为921位(18.40%)。③被调查者主要从专家讲座(62.87%)、科室规范(53.50%)、文献检索(42.94%)和国际指南(40.00%)等途径获取有关DCC相关知识。④对DCC实施影响因素的多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,医院类型(OR=0.530,95%CI:0.355~0.837,P=0.006),医院等级(OR=0.450,95%CI:0.364~0.556,P<0.001),分娩方式(OR=35.772,95%CI:20.753~61.660,P<0.001),是否早产(OR=3.914,95%CI:2.178~7.033,P<0.001),认为操作是否便捷(OR=2.577,95%CI:0.001~0.014,P<0.001),是否有科室规范(OR=1.187,95%CI:0.767~0.838,P=0.015)和认为能否便于新生儿窒息复苏(OR=0.021,95%CI:0.010~0.142,P<0.001)是DCC实施的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论目前,临床工作者对DCC的知晓率高,但实施率低。临床实施DCC的影响因素较多,在中国建立明确的实施DCC指南或专家共识,对优化产科新生儿分娩的UCC临床实践非常必要。     

Bariatric Surgery in Vegetarians: Asia-Pacific Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Society (APMBSS) survey of Asian surgeon experience

PurposeBariatric and metabolic surgery is increasing in Asia to address the growing obesity epidemic. Literature is scarce regarding this surgery in vegetarian patients. We aim to survey surgeons regarding their practices and experiences with the vegetarian population.Materials and methodsThe regional bariatric and metabolic surgery society distributed a multi-national electronic questionnaire to surgeon members. The questionnaire was in the English and Chinese languages.ResultsFifty-six bariatric and metabolic surgeons responded to the questionnaire (response rate 40.6%). Twenty-two respondents (48.9%) have vegetarian patients in their case volume. Patients mostly consume a vegetarian diet for religious (66.7%) and health (66.7%) reasons. More than 60% of surgeons are unsure of micronutrient deficiency status amongst these patients. Over half of the respondents (58.8%) reported that their vegetarian patients do not take multivitamins or vitamin supplements. Significant proportions of respondents (44.4–61.1%) were unsure of the iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, zinc, and folic acid deficiency status of these patients. Only 38.9% of respondents routinely prescribe multivitamin supplementation.ConclusionsVegetarian bariatric patients in East and South-East Asia are an under-recognized patient cohort at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. There is a knowledge gap among regional surgeons in long-term nutritional assessment and management.     

Added value of the measles-rubella supplementary immunization activity in reaching unvaccinated and under-vaccinated children,a cross-sectional study in five Indian districts, 2018–20

IntroductionSupplementary immunization activities (SIAs) aim to interrupt measles transmission by reaching susceptible children, including children who have not received the recommended two routine doses of MCV before the SIA. However, both strategies may miss the same children if vaccine doses are highly correlated. How well SIAs reach children missed by routine immunization is a key metric in assessing the added value of SIAs.MethodsChildren aged 9 months to younger than 5 years were enrolled in cross-sectional household serosurveys conducted in five districts in India following the 2017–2019 measles-rubella (MR) SIA. History of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine services or SIA was obtained from documents and verbal recall. Receipt of a first or second MCV dose during the SIA was categorized as “added value” of the SIA in reaching un- and under-vaccinated children.ResultsA total of 1,675 children were enrolled in these post-SIA surveys. The percentage of children receiving a 1st or 2nd dose through the SIA ranged from 12.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 48.6% in Dibrugarh District. Although the number of zero-dose children prior to the SIA was small in most sites, the proportion reached by the SIA ranged from 45.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 94.9% in Dibrugarh District. Fewer than 7% of children remained measles zero-dose after the MR SIA (range: 1.1–6.4%) compared to up to 28% before the SIA (range: 7.3–28.1%).DiscussionWe demonstrated the MR SIA provided considerable added value in terms of measles vaccination coverage, although there was variability across districts due to differences in routine and SIA coverage, and which children were reached by the SIA. Metrics evaluating the added value of an SIA can help to inform the design of vaccination strategies to better reach zero-dose or undervaccinated children.     

Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in medical practice: a survey of community residents in Beijing,China

Objective

To investigate how community residents in Beijing understood and used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in their medical practice.

The involvement of volunteers in palliative care and their collaboration with healthcare professionals: A cross‐sectional volunteer survey across the Flemish healthcare system (Belgium)

Volunteers occupy a specific space in the delivery of palliative care (PC), addressing specific aspects of care and providing a link between professional healthcare providers and informal care. Engaging and empowering these volunteers can be an important strategy to deliver more integrated and comprehensive PC. Insights into current actual volunteer involvement and collaboration across different healthcare services providing generalist and specialist PC is lacking. This study aims to describe volunteers’ involvement in the organisation of PC, collaboration with professionals and how they evaluate this. A cross‐sectional postal survey of volunteers was conducted between June and November 2018 using a written questionnaire. A two‐step disproportionately stratified cluster randomised sample of 2,273 registered volunteers was taken from different strata of healthcare organisations providing care for people with serious illnesses in the Flemish healthcare system (Belgium). Overall response was 35% (15%–60% for individual strata). About 67% of volunteers were often to always informed about the organisation of patient care and 48% felt the organisation often to always takes their opinion into account, while a minority report having decision rights (18%) or autonomy (24%). For some, their organisation failed to inform (17%), consult (27%), take into account their opinion (21%), give them decision rights (20%) or autonomy (16%) over certain aspects of patient care provision often enough. Overall, volunteer–professional collaboration was low, and mostly limited to information sharing. Dedicated PC volunteers collaborated extensively with nurses, often involving task coordination (46%). Ambiguity regarding tasks, agreements and/or rules (15%) and lack of information exchange (14%) were the most cited barriers to volunteer–professional collaboration. Many volunteers were open to stronger involvement in the organisation of care in PC services. Collaboration with professionals seemed lacking in width and depth. Particularly, nursing home volunteers indicated a desire and large potential for more involved and collaborative roles in PC provision.     

暗娼人群2005-2007年行为监测主要指标分析

目的分析中国暗娼人群艾滋病相关行为变化及艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染流行趋势,为艾滋病综合防治和科学干预提供信息和依据。方法对2005-2007年连续开展监测的41个暗娼综合监测点,以重复横断面调查的方法,对社区娱乐场所及街头的暗娼人群进行问卷调查并采血。结果2005-2007年连续开展监测的41个暗娼综合监测点中,三年间监测对象最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率分别为73.7%、81.1%和81.5%;最近一个月商业性行为坚持使用安全套的比例分别为49.3%、56.4%和55.4%;约有1/3的监测点发现监测对象中有注射吸毒暗娼;艾滋病传播途径知晓率分别为62.4%、57.3%和64.8%;接受过HIV检测并知晓检测结果者的比例分别为：10.9%、16.6%和24.9%;最近一年内接受过干预服务者的比例分别为：51.3%、78.8%和89.8%;HIV阳性检出率（中位数）均为0.0%;梅毒阳性检出率分别为0.6%、1.0%和1.2%。结论暗娼人群安全套使用率和艾滋病知识知晓率有待于进一步提高,最近一次安全套使用率判断趋势可能造成高估。接受过干预服务者的比例呈上升趋势,行为干预、自愿咨询检测、宣传教育的覆盖面逐步扩大,可及性不断提高。HIV感染率总体水平低,局部地区流行水平较高,部分暗娼有注射吸毒行为、高危行为状况不容乐观,提示干预工作长期而艰巨,需不断开展综合防治,保证干预的力度、效果和持续性。