安徽省城乡居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况分析

目的 了解安徽省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓现状,为全省癌症防治健康宣教提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法选择安徽省合肥、黄山、宿州三市城市和农村地区共计2208位18岁以上居民开展癌症防治核心知识问卷调查,采用四格表χ2检验、趋势χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析癌症防治核心知识知晓水平的影响因素.结果 总体核...     

苯丙酮尿症76例病儿生活质量影响因素的多元线性回归分析

目的 应用多元线性回归分析探究苯丙酮尿症病儿生活质量的影响因素.方法 将2014年12月至2016年12月唐山市妇幼保健院收治的76例苯丙酮尿症病儿作为研究对象,评价病儿生长发育状况、生活质量,同时采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析影响苯丙酮尿症病儿生活质量的相关因素.结果 体格发育正常69例(90.79％),异常7例(9....     

纳米炭在甲状腺手术中使用方法的全国百名专家10年经验问卷调查报告

背景与目的 纳米炭混悬注射液（以下简称纳米炭）作为一种淋巴结示踪剂，已广泛应用于甲状腺手术中快速识别甲状旁腺，避免手术误伤。然而，目前甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）手术中的纳米炭具体使用方法、标准技术流程尚未统一。因此，本研究通过问卷调查的方式了解国内外科医师在PTC手术中使用纳米炭的技巧、体会和经验，以期为临床规范化使用纳米炭提供依据。方法 在文献调研的基础上，设计“纳米炭在甲状腺乳头状癌中的使用方法”专家调查问卷表，分发给从事甲状腺外科的高年资、高手术量的外科医师填写，回收问卷后进行统计分析。结果 本次调研共发放问卷107份，返回的有效问卷共计105份，来自26省78家三级甲等医院。91位（86.7%）专家每年使用纳米炭数量在100~1 000支。调查的专家意见协调程度较高，53位（50.5%）专家认为注射纳米炭后甲状腺腺叶呈现地图样斑驳均匀染色为最佳，在甲状腺腺叶切除和全部切除术中，超过90%的专家认为术中注射纳米炭为最佳时机，超过50%的专家认为纳米炭每点注射最佳剂量为0.05~0.1 mL，注射后需等待1~5 min；腺叶切除只需注射1个位点，全切只需要注射2个位点；注射后1~5 min甲状旁腺负显影和中央区淋巴结染色。超过70%的专家推荐在颈侧方淋巴结清扫、腔镜和机器人甲状腺手术中采用术中直视下纳米炭注射。总结避免术中纳米炭渗漏的应用技巧包括：适当稀释、细针刺入、包膜完整、少量注射、把控深度、负压拔针、常规压迫、凝闭针孔、术野清洁。结论 本研究首次通过问卷调查的方式初步了解外科医师使用纳米炭的情况，为纳米炭使用的技术方法做出了经验性的总结与归纳，调查结果具有较好的代表性，为以后纳米炭合理、正确地使用与临床应用研究提供了指导基础。     

Communication skills preparedness for practice: Is there a key ingredient in undergraduate curricula design?

ObjectiveTo characterize medical interns’ experience regarding communication skills education and to explore potential associations with preparedness for practice.MethodsTwo hundred sixty-six medical interns answered an original questionnaire specifically developed to explore how well they feel their undergraduate training had prepared them in key aspects of medical communication. Instrument’s psychometric properties were tested. Medical schools’ curricula were considered and associations explored using non-parametric tests.ResultsThe questionnaire reliability was high, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.89 to 0.94 on all the factors. Core communication skills were highly rated. Perceived preparedness was lower in aspects concerning dealing with emotion, breaking bad news and communicating with speech impaired patients. Better preparedness was associated with a longitudinal integration of communication skills throughout the curriculum, simulation with standardized patients and real patient interviewing with feedback on communication skills.ConclusionsIntegrated programs, standing on a strong experimental component, particularly combining patient-simulation strategies with continuous supervision and learner centred feedback, were associated with higher preparedness. These results support the expansion of an educational model based on simulation strategies and structured longitudinally throughout the undergraduate medical curriculum.Practice implicationsThis study intends to inform educational background and to support further development of communication skills curricula.