住院患者对无陪护病房支持度的调查分析

目的 了解住院患者对无陪护病房的支持度.方法 自行设计调查问卷,内容包括患者的社会学特征、家庭年收入、住院天数、住院频率以及对无陪护病房的支持度.对98例内、外科住院患者进行调查,调查结果行描述性统计分析.结果 47例患者支持开展无陪护病房(支持率48.0%),51例反对,与年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、住院时间、住院次...     

门诊高血压病患者的认知行为调查和分析

目的 了解门诊高血压病患者的认知及自我管理水平.方法 自行设计调查表,包括高血压病相关知识10条目、自我管理行为7条目.对本院门诊高血压病患者500例进行问卷调查.结果 回收有效问卷474份,门诊高血压病患者对高血压病相关知识的知晓率为20.04％～89.03％,自我管理行为能做到的为16.24％～81.01％.结论 ...     

Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are associated with increased FENO levels, but only in never-smokers

Background:  Allergic asthma is consistently associated with increased FE_NO levels whereas divergence exists regarding the use of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) as marker of inflammation in nonallergic asthma and in asthmatic smokers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of having allergic or nonallergic asthma on exhaled nitric oxide levels, with special regard to smoking history.
Methods:  Exhaled NO measurements were performed in 695 subjects from Turin (Italy), Gothenburg and Uppsala (both Sweden). Current asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma with at least one asthma symptom or attack recorded during the last year. Allergic status was defined by using measurements of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Smoking history was questionnaire-assessed.
Results:  Allergic asthma was associated with 91 (60, 128) % [mean (95% CI)] increase of FE_NO while no significant association was found for nonallergic asthma [6 (–17, 35) %] in univariate analysis, when compared to nonatopic healthy subjects. In a multivariate analysis for never-smokers, subjects with allergic asthma had 77 (27, 145) % higher FE_NO levels than atopic healthy subjects while subjects with nonallergic asthma had 97 (46, 166) % higher FE_NO levels than nonatopic healthy subjects. No significant asthma-related FE_NO increases were noted for ex- and current smokers in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions:  Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE_NO levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE_NO to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers.     

工业氟污染区人群氟斑牙的调查

目的 了解工业氟污染区人群氟斑牙情况。方法 对调查区内随机抽取的不同年龄组的7182名居民氟斑牙患病情况、尿氟含量与当地环境氟水平之间的关系进行分析。结果 氟斑牙平均检出率达47.86％;尿氟平均含量为1.47±1.07mg/L。当地环境要素中的大气、农作物和土壤含氟量分别超过相应的标准值或背景值,而饮用水及茶水的氟含量均在正常水平。结论 工业氟污染是引起该地区人群氟斑牙流行的主要原因     

上海地区妇女宫颈癌筛查意识及行为的现状调查

目的：了解上海地区女性对宫颈癌筛查的认知及参加情况,探索阻碍女性参加宫颈癌筛查的影响因素。方法选择2010年3—6月上海市2所3级甲等妇产科医院就诊的女性4882例,采用自制调查问卷表进行有关宫颈癌筛查意识和行为的问卷调查。结果4882例女性中,46．0％曾经参加过宫颈癌筛查,但其中8．0％距上次筛查时间已超过3年,不确定上一次行宫颈涂片检查时间的占8．0％;27．0％女性未听说过宫颈癌筛查;另有15．0％就诊女性不了解什么是宫颈癌筛查。对宫颈癌筛查进行Logistic回归分析,其中是否了解宫颈癌筛查、年龄、是否有性生活、是否有工作以及家庭月收入进入了回归方程。医务人员面对面的健康指导、健康教育宣传手册和宫颈癌筛查媒体公益广告被认为是提高宫颈癌筛查参与行为的有效方法。结论上海地区女性宫颈癌筛查的参与度不高。医务人员应该有效利用女性就诊的机会,提供有关宫颈癌筛查的口头及书面信息。同时,传媒的广告宣传也是女性了解宫颈癌筛查重要性,促进其参加宫颈癌筛查的一种有效方法,有助于降低女性宫颈癌的患病率。     

Trends in Illicit Drug use in the United States: Conflicting Results from National Surveys

Data from several national studies lead to divergent conclusions regarding trends in illicit drug use in the United States. Two major population studies point to a downturn in drug use dating to the late 1970s. However, a study of drug-related deaths and hospital emergency room visits shows increases in these events in recent years. Studies also show drug use, especially cocaine, continuing to increase among criminals. Additionally, drugs were identified as the most important problem facing the nation in a Gallup poll conducted during the summer of 1989. This paper offers some possible explanations for the divergent trends. Most notably, we suggest that methodological differences in the studies being compared, and lags between trends in the general population and certain subgroups, account for most of the variation in the trend estimates. The paper concludes that illicit drug use is decreasing in the United States.     

健康调查简表及其在妇科疼痛相关疾病中的应用进展②

本文介绍健康调查简表(SF-36)的发展及引进中国后在临床的应用概况，重点介绍其在妇科以慢性盆腔疼痛为主要症状相关疾病，如盆腔炎、子宫内膜异位症等的应用概况。临床如能将SF-36与特定疾病量表结合，将为妇科慢性盆腔疼痛评估提供一个重要而有意义的工具。     

Surveying general practitioners: a new avenue

SUMMARY

Background: The validity of opinions expressed in questionnaire surveys diminishes with lower response rates. Recent research suggests that general practitioners (GPs) are more likely to respond to questionnaire surveys if they are motivated to do so because the subject of the survey is perceived as relevant to the practitioner at the time of the survey, and there is an opportunity to respond without encroaching on existing obligations or interests.

Aim: To compare the results of a questionnaire survey administered by two routes: a postal survey with reminders and after an educational meeting with no reminders.

Methods: A validated questionnaire with 19 questions using a Likert scale seeking views about the ideal contents of a referral letter to colorectal surgeons was administered to GPs attending a monthly educational meeting in one locality in the UK and by post to a different group in a second locality. The response rate and demographic characteristics of the GPs were compared for respondents, non-respondents, attenders and non-attenders to the educational meeting. The mean responses to the questions on the Likert scale were used to produce a schedule to score the contents of referral letters. The schedules produced by the two methods (postal/educational meeting) were used to score 551 referral letters at one district general hospital. Mean scores calculated using the two schedules derived by the postal and educational routes were compared. Cases diagnosed with 'significant organic pathology' as defined in a previous study were identified. The predictive value of the scores in identifying these cases was compared.

Results: 88% (138/157) of GPs in the locality attended the educational meeting and were invited to participate in the survey. Non-attenders were more likely to be assistants, locums or part-time practitioners. Overall 71% (98) of the GPs responded to the survey. There were no significant demographic differences between the respondents and non-respondents to the survey. Response rates to the survey conducted by the two routes were similar. Referral letter 'quality' scores derived via the two alternative routes were equally valuable in predicting which patients had significant organic pathology.

Conclusions: Responses to questionnaire surveys are equally valid when administered via an educational meeting or by post. The value of the educational meeting approach was the relative ease of administering the questionnaire and the rapid turn around of replies. However this method may exclude the views of part-time practitioners who were more likely to fail to attend. These practitioners may need to be targeted by alternative routes in questionnaire surveys.